Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe Reveals Elevated Mitochondrial Viscosity during Acute Alcoholic Liver Injury.

Acute alcoholic liver injury (AALI) has become an important cause of liver disease worldwide, and there is an urgent need to develop noninvasive and sensitive methods to detect and evaluate AALI. We report herein three novel but readily available mitochondrial targeting fluorescence probes (ICR, ICJ, and ICQ) for AALI detection. These probes contain different electron-donating groups, among which ICQ exhibits NIR fluorescence (740 nm), a large Stokes shift (110 nm), and a sensitive response to viscosity (73-fold enhancement in fluorescence from water to glycerol), making it suitable for in vivo imaging. ICQ also exhibits an excellent ability to image mitochondrial viscosity changes in cells. More importantly, ICQ can target the liver selectively and image the viscosity changes in the liver noninvasively. Through establishing an AALI mouse model, ICQ was successfully applied to the in situ imaging changes in liver viscosity during the AALI process. The results showed a significant increase in liver viscosity in AALI mice, indicating that viscosity can serve as a marker for AALI, and ICQ is a promising noninvasive and sensitive tool for detecting and evaluating AALI.

The influence of extended fasting on thyroid hormone: local and differentiated regulatory mechanisms.

The hypometabolism induced by fasting has great potential in maintaining health and improving survival in extreme environments, among which thyroid hormone (TH) plays an important role in the adaptation and the formation of new energy metabolism homeostasis during long-term fasting. In the present review, we emphasize the potential of long-term fasting to improve physical health and emergency rescue in extreme environments, introduce the concept and pattern of fasting and its impact on the body's energy metabolism consumption. Prolonged fasting has more application potential in emergency rescue in special environments. The changes of THs caused by fasting, including serum biochemical characteristics, responsiveness of the peripheral and central hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, and differential changes of TH metabolism, are emphasized in particular. It was proposed that the variability between brain and liver tissues in THs uptake, deiodination activation and inactivation is the key regulatory mechanism for the cause of peripheral THs decline and central homeostasis. While hypothalamic tanycytes play a pivotal role in the fine regulation of the HPT negative feedback regulation during long-term fasting. The study progress of tanycytes on thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) release and deiodination is described in detail. In conclusion, the combination of the decrease of TH metabolism in peripheral tissues and stability in the central HPT axis maintains the basal physiological requirement and new energy metabolism homeostasis to adapt to long-term food scarcity. The molecular mechanisms of this localized and differential regulation will be a key research direction for developing measures for hypometabolic applications in extreme environment.

Tropomodulin1 exacerbates inflammatory response in macrophages by negatively regulating LPS-induced TLR4 endocytosis.

The excessive inflammation caused by the prolonged activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and its downstream signaling pathways leads to sepsis. CD14-mediated endocytosis of TLR4 is the key step to control the amount of TLR4 on cell membrane and the activity of downstream pathways. The actin cytoskeleton is necessary for receptor-mediated endocytosis, but its role in TLR4 endocytosis remains elusive. Here we show that Tropomodulin 1 (Tmod1), an actin capping protein, inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TLR4 endocytosis and intracellular trafficking in macrophages. Thus it resulted in increased surface TLR4 and the upregulation of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)-dependent pathway and the downregulation of TIR domain-containing adaptor-inducing interferon-ß (TRIF)-dependent pathway, leading to the enhanced secretion of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-6, and the reduced secretion of cytokines, such as IFN-ß. Macrophages deficient with Tmod1 relieved the inflammatory response in LPS-induced acute lung injury mouse model. Mechanistically, Tmod1 negatively regulated LPS-induced TLR4 endocytosis and inflammatory response through modulating the activity of CD14/Syk/PLCγ2/IP3/Ca2+ signaling pathway, the reorganization of actin cytoskeleton, and the membrane tension. Therefore, Tmod1 is a key regulator of inflammatory response and immune functions in macrophages and may be a potential target for the treatment of excessive inflammation and sepsis.

Measurement of the Tilt Angle of the Optic Disc Using Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography and Related Factors in Myopia.

Purpose: This study presents a novel, three-dimensional method for measuring the tilt angle of the tilted optic disc (TOD) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and investigates the correlation between ocular-related parameters and TOD. Methods: We included the right eyes of 243 healthy young individuals, categorized by axial length. We measured the ovality index (OI) and dihedral angle (DA) using SD-OCT infrared ray fundus photographs and high-resolution cross-sectional images of the optic disc, respectively. The relationships between OI, DA, and ocular-related parameters were analyzed. Results: Eyes in the longer axial length group exhibited a lower OI and a higher DA, along with thinner nasal and inferonasal circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) and thicker temporal and superotemporal cpRNFL. There was a significant relationship between DA and cpRNFL thickness. The new method utilizing DA to measure the tilt angle of TOD demonstrated high repeatability. Conclusions: We propose a novel, three-dimensional, and quantitative method for evaluating the tilt degree of TOD. A higher degree of myopia indicated a greater tilt angle of the TOD, and a greater TOD suggested additional changes in cpRNFL thickness. These findings should be considered when interpreting increased susceptibility and early assessment of glaucoma in myopia. Translational Relevance: DA could serve as a superior indicator for describing TOD morphology during eyeball elongation and evaluating its impact on related parameters of the optic disc and peripapillary structures in the myopic population.

GSDMD-Dependent Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Mediate Portal Vein Thrombosis and Associated Fibrosis in Cirrhosis.

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a challenging and controversial complication of cirrhosis. Experimental models that reproduce cirrhotic PVT and effective pharmacological therapies are limited. We aimed to investigate the nature course and mechanisms of PVT in cirrhosis. A novel PVT model was developed via two-step total portal vein ligation in healthy and thioacetamide (TAA)-cirrhotic rats. Circulating and liver-infiltrating neutrophils were isolated from individuals with cirrhosis to examine neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and explore their unique characteristics and implications in PVT-associated fibrosis in cirrhosis. We further validated macrophage-myofibroblast transition (MMT) via multiplex immunofluorescence and single-cell sequencing. In the experimental model, cirrhosis promoted PVT development and portal vein intimal thickening. Interestingly, cirrhosis promoted spontaneous resolution of PVT due to instability of thrombus structure, along with pulmonary and intrahepatic clots. NETs-MMT mediate cirrhotic PVT and PVT-associated fibrosis, including fibrotic thrombus remodeling and increased hepatic collagen deposition. Mechanistically, caspase-4-dependent activation of neutrophils and GSDMD mediated the formation of NETs. The extracellular DNA of NETs promoted TGF-ß1/Smad3-driven MMT. Inhibiting GSDMD with disulfiram suppressed cirrhotic PVT and prevented associated fibrosis. The cirrhotic PVT model reflected the following three main characteristics of cirrhotic PVT: spontaneous resolution, immunothrombosis, and intimal fibrosis. Targeting NETs with GSDMD inhibitors may serve as a new therapeutic concept to treat cirrhotic PVT.

Boosting the Cell Harvesting Performance of Poly(di(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate) Cell Release Layers via Copolymerization of Photo- and Thermoresponsive Monomers.

The performance of the cell-selective thermoresponsive poly(di(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate) (PDEGMA) cell harvest system is shown to be drastically enhanced by exploiting the combination of photoresponsive spiropyran derivates and PDEGMA in copolymerized brushes. The analysis of copolymerized 1'-(2-methacryloxyethyl)-3',3'-dimethyl-6-nitrospiro(2H-1-benzopyran-2,2'-indoline) (SPMA) (DEMGA) di(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate brushes revealed that a minor adjustment of the SPMA/DEGMA ratios results in a significant alternation of wettability as well as protein adsorption, when switching the temperature from 37 to 22 °C and alternately irradiating using different light wavelengths (from 530 to 365 nm). Thin P(SPMA-co-DEGMA) layers supported pancreatic tumor PaTu 8988t cells with high cell viability. Copolymer layers with 2.5% SPMA/DEGMA led to the highest efficiency of enzyme-free cell release with very good cell viability. The release is induced by cooling the cell culture medium to 22 °C and irradiating the surface with 365 nm light. Compared to neat PDEGMA, the P(SPMA-co-DEGMA) layers showed a threefold increase in the speed of the change of cell morphology of the attached cells and a >5 times increased fraction of detached cells, which underlines the potential of these dual responsive PDEGMA systems for optimized performance in the facile capture, culture, and release of different cell lines.

Mechanisms of action of berberine hydrochloride in planktonic cells and biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The increasing prevalence of extensively drug-and pan-drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major concern for global public health. Therefore, it is crucial to develop novel antimicrobials that specifically target P. aeruginosa and its biofilms. In the present study, we determined that berberine hydrochloride inhibited the growth of planktonic bacteria as well as prevented the formation of biofilms. Moreover, we observed downregulation in the expression of pslA and pelA biofilm-related genes. Compared with existing antibiotics, berberine hydrochloride exhibits multiple modes of action against P. aeruginosa. Our findings suggest that berberine hydrochloride exerts its antimicrobial effects by damaging bacterial cell membranes, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reducing intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels. Furthermore, berberine hydrochloride showed minimal cytotoxicity and reduced susceptibility to drug resistance. In a mouse model of peritonitis, it significantly inhibited the growth of P. aeruginosa and exhibited a strong bacteriostatic action. In conclusion, berberine hydrochloride is a safe and effective antibacterial agent that inhibits the growth of P. aeruginosa.

Achieving Non-Interfacial Blocking Zinc Ion Transport Based on MOF Derived Manganese Oxides and Amorphous Carbon Hybrid Materials.

How to coordinate electron and ion transport behavior across scales and interfaces within ion battery electrodes? The exponential increase in surface area observed in nanoscale electrode materials results in an incomprehensibly vast spatial interval. Herein, to address the problems of volume expansion, dissolution of cathode material, and the charge accumulation problem existing in manganiferous materials for zinc ion batteries, metal organic framework is utilized to form the architecture of non-interfacial blocking ~10 nm Mn2O3 nanoparticles and amorphous carbon hybrid electrode materials, demonstrating a high specific capacity of 361 mAh g-1 (0.1 A g-1), and excellent cycle stability of 105 mAh g-1 after 2000 cycles under 1 A g-1. The uniform and non-separated disposition of Mn and C atoms constitutes an interconnected network with high electronic and ionic conductivity, minimizing issues like structural collapse and volume expansion of the electrode material during cycling. The cooperative insert mechanism of H+ and Zn2+ are analyzed via ex-situ XRD and in-situ Raman tests. The model battery is assembled to present practical possibilities. The results indicate that MOF-derived carbonization provides an effective strategy for exploring Mn-based electrode materials with high ion and electron transport capacity.

Clonal integration benefits Calystegia soldanella in heterogeneous habitats.

Land-use change and tourism development have seriously threatened the ecosystems of coastal protection forests and beaches. Light and nutrients are spatially heterogeneously distributed between the two ecosystems. Clonal plants, such as Calystegia soldanella, which play a crucial role in maintaining the ecological stability of coastal habitats, are likely to encounter diverse environments. In this study, we investigated clonal integration and the division of labour in C. soldanella under heterogeneous (high nutrient and low light [HNLL]; low nutrient and high light [LNHL]) and homogeneous habitats. We cultivated pairs of connected and severed ramets of C. soldanella in these environments. Our results showed the total biomass (TB) of connected ramets was higher than that of severed ramets in heterogeneous environments, suggesting clonal integration enhances growth in heterogeneous habitats. The root shoot ratio was significantly lower in HNLL than in LNHL conditions for connected ramets, demonstrating a division of labour in growth under heterogeneous conditions. However, parameters of clonal propagation of C. soldanella did not significantly differ between connected and severed ramets in heterogeneous environments, indicating no division of labour in clonal propagation. In homogeneous environments, the growth of C. soldanella did not benefit from clonal integration. Connected ramets in heterogeneous habitats exhibited higher TB than in homogeneous habitats. The TB of one ramet in HNLL was consistently higher than that in LNHL, irrespective of ramet's states, which suggests that high soil nutrients may enhance the growth. We conclude that C. soldanella has the capability of clonal integration to achieve high biomass in heterogeneous but not in homogeneous conditions, and the establishment of coastal protection forests (high nutrient and low light) may foster the growth of C. soldanella.

The changing health effects of air pollution exposure for respiratory diseases: a multicity study during 2017-2022.

BACKGROUND: Multifaceted SARS-CoV-2 interventions have modified exposure to air pollution and dynamics of respiratory diseases. Identifying the most vulnerable individuals requires effort to build a complete picture of the dynamic health effects of air pollution exposure, accounting for disparities across population subgroups. METHODS: We use generalized additive model to assess the likely changes in the hospitalisation and mortality rate as a result of exposure to PM2.5 and O3 over the course of COVID-19 pandemic. We further disaggregate the population into detailed age categories and illustrate a shifting age profile of high-risk population groups. Additionally, we apply multivariable logistic regression to integrate demographic, socioeconomic and climatic characteristics with the pollution-related excess risk. RESULTS: Overall, a total of 1,051,893 hospital admissions and 34,954 mortality for respiratory disease are recorded. The findings demonstrate a transition in the association between air pollutants and hospitalisation rates over time. For every 10 µg/m3 increase of PM2.5, the rate of hospital admission increased by 0.2% (95% CI: 0.1-0.7%) and 1.4% (1.0-1.7%) in the pre-pandemic and dynamic zero-COVID stage, respectively. Conversely, O3-related hospitalization rate would be increased by 0.7% (0.5-0.9%) in the pre-pandemic stage but lowered to 1.7% (1.5-1.9%) in the dynamic zero-COVID stage. Further assessment indicates a shift of high-risk people from children and young adolescents to the old, primarily the elevated hospitalization rates among the old people in Lianyungang (RR: 1.53, 95%CI: 1.46, 1.60) and Nantong (RR: 1.65, 95%CI: 1.57, 1.72) relative to those for children and young adolescents. Over the course of our study period, people with underlying diseases would have 26.5% (22.8-30.3%) and 12.7% (10.8-14.6%) higher odds of having longer hospitalisation and over 6 times higher odds of deaths after hospitalisation. CONCLUSIONS: Our estimates provide the first comprehensive evidence on the dynamic pollution-health associations throughout the pandemic. The results suggest that age and underlying diseases collectively determines the disparities of pollution-related health effect across population subgroups, underscoring the urgency to identifying the most vulnerable individuals to air pollution.

Silencing lncRNA-DARS-AS1 suppresses nonsmall cell lung cancer progression by stimulating miR-302a-3p to inhibit ACAT1 expression.

Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) have been gaining attention as potential therapeutic targets for lung cancer. In this study, we investigated the expression and biological behavior of lncRNA DARS-AS1, its predicted interacting partner miR-302a-3p, and ACAT1 in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The transcript level of DARS-AS1, miR-302a-3p, and ACAT1 was analyzed using qRT-PCR. Endogenous expression of ACAT1 and the expression of-and changes in-AKT/ERK pathway-related proteins were determined using western blotting. MTS, Transwell, and apoptosis experiments were used to investigate the behavior of cells. The subcellular localization of DARS-AS1 was verified using FISH, and its binding site was verified using dual-luciferase reporter experiments. The binding of DARS-AS1 to miR-302a-3p was verified using RNA co-immunoprecipitation. In vivo experiments were performed using a xenograft model to determine the effect of DARS-AS1 knockout on ACAT1 and NSCLC. lncRNA DARS-AS1 was upregulated in NSCLC cell lines and tissues and the expression of lncRNA DARS-AS1 was negatively correlated with survival of patients with NSCLC. Knockdown of DARS-AS1 inhibited the malignant behaviors of NSCLC via upregulating miR-302a-3p. miR-302a-3p induced suppression of malignancy through regulating oncogene ACAT1. This study demonstrates that the DARS-AS1-miR-302a-3p-ACAT1 pathway plays a key role in NSCLC.

Doping strategies for inorganic lead-free halide perovskite solar cells: progress and challenges.

In recent years, remarkable advancements have been achieved in the field of halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the commercialization of PSCs has been impeded by challenges such as Pb leakage and the instability of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs). Hence, the future lies in the development of environmentally friendly inorganic lead-free halide perovskites (LFHPs) based on elements like Sn, Ge, Bi, Sb, and Cu, which show great promise for photovoltaic applications. However, LFHP photovoltaic cells still face challenges such as low efficiency, poor film quality, and stability in comparison to HOIPs. These limitations significantly hinder their further development. To address these issues, element doping strategies, including cationic and anionic doping, as well as the use of additives, are frequently employed. These strategies aim to improve film quality, passivate defects, reduce the band gap, and enhance device performance and stability. In this paper, we aim to provide a comprehensive review of the recent research progress in doping strategies for LFHPs.

RUNX1 promotes proliferation and migration in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines via the mTOR pathway.

RUNX1, a member of the RUNX family of metazoan transcription factors, participates in the regulation of differentiation, proliferation, and other processes involved in growth and development. It also functions in the occurrence and development of tumors. However, the role and mechanism of action of RUNX1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are not yet clear. We used a bioinformatics approach as well as in vitro and in vivo assays to evaluate the role of RUNX1 in NSCLC as the molecular mechanisms underlying its effects. Using the TCGA, GEO, GEPIA (Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis), and Kaplan-Meier databases, we screened the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and found that RUNX1 was highly expressed in lung cancer and was associated with a poor prognosis. Immunohistochemical staining based on tissue chips from 110 samples showed that the expression of RUNX1 in lung cancer tissues was higher than that in adjacent normal tissues and was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis and TNM staging. In vitro experiments, we found that RUNX1 overexpression promoted cell proliferation and migration functions and affected downstream functional proteins by regulating the activity of the mTOR pathway, as confirmed by an analysis using the mTOR pathway inhibitor rapamycin. In addition, RUNX1 affected PD-L1 expression via the mTOR pathway. These results indicate that RUNX1 is a potential therapeutic target for NSCLC.

Influence of green biomass composition on the urban thermal environment in hot summer and warm winter regions: The example of Fuzhou residential area.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between green biomass composition and thermal environment, as well as their optimal composition pattern. We decomposed total green biomass in a certain spatial range into two categories: trees and shrubs-grasses, with urban residential areas as sampling sites and based on aerial photography and field research data of green biomass and optimized green biomass measurement method. We analyzed the correlation between the green biomass composition indicators (shrub and grass biomass, tree canopy biomass, green biomass, mean tree canopy biomass, number of trees) and ambient temperature and humidity in different spatial ranges. The results showed that the most significant cooling and humidifying effect of different green biomass composition indicators was at 50 m below the building scale. The mean tree canopy biomass and tree canopy biomass were the key factors affecting ambient temperature and humidity, respectively, in different time periods during the day. With an average canopy biomass of about 211 m3 and 62 trees in a 50 m space, the regulation effects of trees on ambient temperature and humidity were closer to the thermal comfort requirements of human body.

Kidney-Targeted Near-Infrared Fluorescence Probe Reveals That SO2 Is a Biomarker for Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury.

With the widespread use of drugs, drug-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) has become an increasingly serious health concern worldwide. Currently, early diagnosis of drug-induced AKI remains challenging because of the lack of effective biomarkers and noninvasive imaging tools. SO2 plays important physiological roles in living systems and is an important antioxidant for maintaining redox homeostasis. However, the relationship between SO2 (in water as SO32-/HSO3-) and drug-induced AKI remains largely unknown. Herein, we report the highly sensitive near-infrared fluorescence probe DSMN, which for the first time reveals the relationship between SO2 and drug-induced AKI. The probe responds to SO32-/HSO3- selectively and rapidly (within seconds) and shows a significant turn-on fluorescence at 710 nm with a large Stokes shift (125 nm). With these properties, the probe was successfully applied to detect SO2 in living cells and mice. Importantly, the probe can selectively target the kidneys, allowing for the detection of changes in the SO2 concentration in the kidneys. Based on this, DSMN was successfully used to detect cisplatin-induced AKI and revealed an increase in the SO2 levels. The results indicate that SO2 is a new biomarker for AKI and that DSMN is a powerful tool for studying and diagnosing drug-induced AKI.

PHF23 promotes NSCLC proliferation, metastasis, and chemoresistance via stabilization of ACTN4 and activation of the ERK pathway.

At present, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. Chemotherapy remains the standard treatment for NSCLC. However, the emergence of chemoresistance is one of the major obstacles to lung cancer treatment. Plant homologous structural domain finger protein 23 (PHF23) plays crucial roles in multiple cell fates. However, the clinical significance and biological role of PHF23 in NSCLC remain elusive. The Cancer Genome Atlas data mining, NCBI/GEO data mining, and western blotting analysis were employed to characterize the expression of PHF23 in NSCLC cell lines and tissues. Statistical analysis of immunohistochemistry and the Kaplan-Meier Plotter database were used to investigate the clinical significance of PHF23. A series of in vivo and in vitro assays, including assays for colony formation, cell viability, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EDU incorporation) and Transwell migration, flow cytometry, RT-PCR, gene set enrichment analysis, co-immunoprecipitation analysis, and a xenograft tumor model, were performed to demonstrate the effects of PHF23 on the chemosensitivity of NSCLC cells and to clarify the underlying molecular mechanisms. PHF23 is overexpressed in NSCLC cell lines and tissues. High PHF23 levels correlate with short survival times and a poor response to chemotherapy in NSCLC patients. PHF23 overexpression facilitates cell proliferation, migration and sensitizes NSCLC cells to Cisplatin and Docetaxel by promoting DNA damage repair. Alpha-actinin-4 (ACTN4), as a downstream regulator, interacts with PHD domain of PHF23. Moreover, PHF23 is involved in ACTN4 stabilization by inhibiting its ubiquitination level. These results show that PHF23 plays an important role in the development and progression of NSCLC and suggest that PHF23 may serve as a therapeutic target in NSCLC patients.

Nitrogen Deposition Effects on Invasive and Native Plant Competition: Implications for Future Invasions.

Nitrogen (N) deposition has increased dramatically in recent decades, which is significantly affecting the invasion and growth of exotic plants. Whether N deposition leads to invasive alien species becoming competitively superior to native species remains to be investigated. In the present study, an invasive species (Oenothera biennis L.) and three co-occurring native species (Artemisia argyi Lévl. et Vant., Inula japonica Thunb., and Chenopodium album L.) were grown in a monoculture (two seedlings of the same species) or mixed culture (one seedling of O. biennis and one seedling of a native species) under three levels of N deposition (0, 6, and 12 g∙m-2∙year-1). Nitrogen deposition had no effect on soil N and P content. Nitrogen deposition enhanced the crown area, total biomass, leaf chlorophyll content, and leaf N to phosphorus ratio in both invasive and native plants. Oenothera biennis dominated competition with C. album and I. japonica due to its high resource acquisition and absorption capacity (greater height, canopy, leaf chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b ratio, leaf chlorophyll content, leaf N content, leaf mass fraction, and lower root-to-shoot ratio). However, the native species A. argyi exhibited competitive ability similar to O. biennis. Thus, invasive species are not always superior competitors of native species; this depends on the identities of the native species. High N deposition enhanced the competitive dominance of O. biennis over I. japonica by 15.45% but did not alter the competitive dominance of O. biennis over C. album. Furthermore, N deposition did not affect the dominance of O. biennis or A. argyi. Therefore, the species composition of the native community must be considered when preparing to resist future biological invasions. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the invasion mechanisms of alien species under N-loading conditions.

Selective Visualization of Tumor Cell Membranes and Tumors with a Viscosity-Sensitive Plasma Membrane Probe.

Cancer is a worldwide health problem. Revealing the changes in the microenvironment after cell carcinogenesis is helpful to understand cancer and develop sensitive methods for cancer diagnosis. We developed herein a viscosity-responsive plasma membrane probe (TPA-S) that was successfully used to probe the viscosity difference between normal and tumor cell plasma membranes for the first time. The probe shows AIE properties with good water solubility, significant near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence responses to viscosity with high sensitivity, and excellent cell membrane location performance. With these features, our experiments showed that TPA-S could selectively visualize cancer cell plasma membranes, revealing that the plasma membrane of tumor cells is more viscous than that of normal cells. In addition, TPA-S was successfully applied to specifically light up tumors. Altogether, this work explored the changes of cell membrane viscosity after canceration, provided a new method for selective visualization of tumor cells, and opened up a new approach for cancer diagnosis.

Community Graph Convolution Neural Network for Alzheimer's Disease Classification and Pathogenetic Factors Identification.

As a complex neural network system, the brain regions and genes collaborate to effectively store and transmit information. We abstract the collaboration correlations as the brain region gene community network (BG-CN) and present a new deep learning approach, such as the community graph convolutional neural network (Com-GCN), for investigating the transmission of information within and between communities. The results can be used for diagnosing and extracting causal factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). First, an affinity aggregation model for BG-CN is developed to describe intercommunity and intracommunity information transmission. Second, we design the Com-GCN architecture with intercommunity convolution and intracommunity convolution operations based on the affinity aggregation model. Through sufficient experimental validation on the AD neuroimaging initiative (ADNI) dataset, the design of Com-GCN matches the physiological mechanism better and improves the interpretability and classification performance. Furthermore, Com-GCN can identify lesioned brain regions and disease-causing genes, which may assist precision medicine and drug design in AD and serve as a valuable reference for other neurological disorders.

Capsule neural tensor networks with multi-aspect information for Few-shot Knowledge Graph Completion.

Few-shot Knowledge Graph Completion (FKGC) has recently attracted significant research interest due to its ability to expand few-shot relation coverage in Knowledge Graphs. Prevailing FKGC approaches focus on exploiting the one-hop neighbor information of entities to enhance few-shot relation embedding. However, these methods select one-hop neighbors randomly and neglect the rich multi-aspect information of entities. Although some methods have attempted to leverage Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to learn few-shot relation embedding, they are sensitive to the input order. To address these limitations, we propose the Capsule Neural Tensor Networks with Multi-Aspect Information approach (short for InforMix-FKGC). InforMix-FKGC employs a one-hop neighbor selection strategy based on how valuable they are and encodes multi-aspect information of entities, including one-hop neighbors, attributes and literal description. Then, a capsule network is responsible for integrating the support set and deriving few-shot relation embedding. Moreover, a neural tensor network is used to match the query set with the support set. In this way, InforMix-FKGC can learn few-shot relation embedding more precisely so as to enhance the accuracy of FKGC. Extensive experiments on the NELL-One and Wiki-One datasets demonstrate that InforMix-FKGC significantly outperforms ten state-of-the-art methods in terms of Mean Reciprocal Rank and Hits@K.