Effect of albumin to fibrinogen ratio on the prognosis of patients undergoing radical resection for colorectal cancer / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of albumin to fibrinogen ratio on the prognosis of patients undergoing radical resection for colorectal cancer.Methods:Clinical and pathological data of 216 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer at the General Surgery Department of Taizhou People's Hospital from Aug 2015 to Jul 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Albumin and fibrinogen results within 7 days before surgery was collected. The optimal cut-off point of AFR was determined by Youden index of ROC curve. Kaplan-Meier analysis, univariate and multivariate COX regression models were used to analyze the prognostic factors of OS and DFS.Results:The best postoperative OS threshold of AFR for patients undergoing laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer was 9.43. Univariate analysis and multivariate COX regression analysis showed that age ≤65 years, TNM stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ, and AFR≥9.43 had better OS and DFS (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Preoperative AFR level had a good predictive value on postoperative survival of patients undergoing laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer, and AFR<9.43 was an independent risk factor for postoperative OS and DFS.

Identification and Content Determination of Main Unknown Impurity in Oxiracetam Capsule / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To identify the main unknow impurity of Oxiracetam capsule and determine its content ，so as to improve the standard of quality control. METHODS ：Two-dimensional UPLC -IT-TOF-MS was adopted to qualitatively analyze the unknown impurity. One-dimensional liquid chromatogram analysis was performed on ST PAK C 18 ES column with mobile phase consisted of 0.02 mol/L sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution at the flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The column temperature was set at 30 ℃，sample size was 20 μL. The detection wavelength was set at 210 nm. Two-dimensional liquid chromatogram analysis was performed on Techmate C 18-STⅡ column with mobile phase consisted of 0.02 mol/L ammonium acetate solution at the flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃. Mass spectrometry was adopted （electropray ionization source ，MS+ and MS － mode data acquisition ）. After the target impurity was located by one-dimensional liquid chromatography ，it was transferred to two-dimensional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry system for qualitative analysis. The unknown impurity structure was inferred by means of molecular formula prediction module “Accurate Mass Calculator ”in LCMS Solution ，and the refined impurity products by preparation and purification were standardized and confirmed . The impurity content was determined by HPLC （with the same condition of one-dimensional liquid chromatography for qualitative analysis ）. RESULTS ：The main unknown impurity in Oxiracetam capsules is oxiracetam acid. The content of the refined product was 99.5％ after preparation and purification. The contents of oxiracetam acid in 9 batches of Oxiracetam capsules were 0.05％ -0.14％ . CONCLUSIONS ：The established two-dementional UPLC-IT-TOF-MS method can accurately locate the peak position of the impurity oxiracetam acid ，and analyze its structure，while the corresponding content determination method can better separate the impurity from the main drug and other components，with good sensitivity ，precision，repeatability，stability and accuracy. The quality of the finished product of Oxiracetam capsules can be well controlled by using above method .

Consistency Evaluation of in vitro Quality of Nitroglycerin Tablet Reference Preparation and Imitative Preparation / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To investigate the in vitro quality consistency of domestic Nitroglycerin table t imitative preparation and reference preparation （original drug ）. METHODS ：The contents of nitroglycerin and related substances in 1 batch of Nitroglycerin tablet reference preparation （manufacturer A ）and 4 batches of imitative preparation （manufacturer B ，C，D，E） were determined according to Nitroglycerin Tablet Import Drugs Registration Standard JX 20010267. The paddle method of dissolution determination method was adopted ，with the rotating speed of 50 r/min. HPLC method was adopted to determine the dissolution amount of 5 batches of above preparations in 4 kinds of dissolution mediums （pH 1.2 hydrochloric acid solution ，pH 4.0 acetate buffer solution ，pH 6.8 phosphate buffer solution ，water） within 10 min.The accumulative dissolution rate was calculated，and dissolution curves of samples were drawn.The similarity of the dissolution curves was evaluated by calculating similarity factor （f2）of 2，5，8 min accumulative dissolution rate. RESULTS ：The contents of nitroglycerin in the preparations from manufacturer A ，B，C，D，E were 99.8％，98.3％，94.0％，93.3％，96.7％，respectively（n＝2）；the contents of related substance were 0.46％，0.55％，0.63％，0.72％，0.49％，respectively（n＝2）. Using reference preparation of manufacturer A as control，f2 of imitative preparation from manufacturer B ，C，D，E were 74，28，25，67 in pH 1.2 hydrochloric acid solution ；76， 26，28，84 in pH 4.0 acetate buffer solution ；79，39，35，71 in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer solution ；69，32，37，62 in water ， respectively. CONCLUSIONS ：The method is suitable for in vitro quality consistency evaluation of Nitroglycerin table timitative preparation. Compared with reference preparation ，the contents of main components in the imitative preparations from manufacturer C，D are lower ；in vitro dissolution curves of those imitative preparation are not similar to reference preparation .

Study on Dissolution in vitro of Cyclosporine Soft Capsules from 3 Domestic Manufacturers / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the similarity of in vitro dissolution curve between the generic drugs and the reference preparation （original drugs） of the domestic Cyclosporine soft capsules in 6 dissolution mediums. METHODS： The dissolution test was performed with paddle method. 2％ SDS water solution， 2％ SDS pH 1.2 hydrochloric acid solution， 2％ SDS water solution， 2％ SDS pH 4.5 acetate buffer solution， 2％ SDS pH 5.5 acetate buffer solution， 2％ SDS pH 6.8 phosphate buffer solution and 2％ SDS simulated gastric fluid were used as the dissolution medium， and the rotation speed was 50 r /min. HPLC method was used. The determination was performed on Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile phosphate solution （73 ∶ 27 ∶ 0.25，V/V/V），the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 226 nm， the column temperature was 60 ℃， and sample size was 20 μL. The dissolution curves in 6 medium were drawn and the similarity factor （f2） was used to investigate the similarity between the samples from 3 domestic manufacturers （5 batches） and a batch of original drugs. RESULTS： The linear range of cyclosporine was 5-250 μg/mL （r＝0.999 6-0.999 9）； RSDs of precision， stability （12 h） and reproducibility tests were lower than 2.0％ （n＝6 or 7）； the recoveries were 98.4％-99.7％ （RSD＜2.0％， n＝9）. The cumulative dissolution of 6 batches of samples within 15 min reached 85％ in 2％ SDS pH 1.2 hydrochloric acid solution and 2％ SDS simulated gastric juice. f2 of the dissolution curve of 5 batches of generic and original drugs of Cyclosporine soft capsules were 75， 45， 57， 42， 83 in 2％ SDS water solution and 44， 76， 38， 32， 76 in 2％ SDS pH 4.5 acetate buffer solution 76， 47， 49， 40， 79 in 2％ SDS pH 5.5 acetate buffer solution and 52， 49， 55， 48， 80 in 2％ SDS pH 6.8 phosphate buffer solution， respectively. CONCLUSIONS： There have differences in the similarity of the dissolution curve between the domestic generic and the original drugs of 5 batches of Cyclosporin soft capsule from 3 domestic manufacturers.

Simultaneous Determination of Main Components in Estrogenic Hormone Drug Nilestriol Tablets and Diethylstilbestrol Tablets by HPLC / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To establish the method for simultaneous determination of main drug contents in Nilestriol tablet and  Diethylstilbestrol tablet. METHODS： HPLC method was adopted. The determination was performed on Waters Symmetry C18 column with mobile phase consisted of 0.02 mol/L ammonium acetate water solution-acetonitrile （40 ∶ 60，V/V） at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 280 nm， and column temperature was 35 ℃. The sample size was 20 μL. RESULTS： The linear range of nilestriol and diethylstilbestrol were 0.01-0.5 mg/mL （r＝0.999 9）； the limits of quantitation were 187 and 192 ng/mL， and the limits of detection were 56 and 58 ng/mL. RSDs of precision， stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 1％ （n＝6）. The recoveries of them were 99.13％-100.80％（RSD＝0.52％，n＝9） and 99.20％-100.90％（RSD＝0.58％， n＝9）. CONCLUSIONS： The method is more sensitive and reproducible， and suitable for simultaneous determination of nilestriol content in estrogenic hormone drug Nilestriol tablets and diethylstilbestrol content in Diethylstilbestrol tablets.  

Simultaneous Determination of Seven Residual Solvents in Nilethylenol Raw Material by GC / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To establish a method for simultaneous determination of residual methanol， ethanol， acetonitrile， isopropanol， methylbenzene， tetrahydrofuran and ethyl acetate in Nilethylenol raw material. METHODS： GC was performed. The determination was performed on DB-WAX capillary column. The detector was hydrogen flame ionization detector with split ratio of 5 ∶ 1. The carrier gas was nitrogen （purity： 99.999％） at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The sample size was 1 μL， directly sampling with bonded crosslinked polyethylene glycol as stationary phase. The initial temperature was 40 ℃ and was maintained for 5 min， increased to 90 ℃ at 10 ℃/min， and then increased to 200 ℃ at 5 ℃/min. The temperature of injector was 220 ℃， and detector temperature was 230 ℃. RESULTS： The linear range was 0.24-12.00 μg/mL for methanol （r＝0.999 7）， 0.40-20.00 μg/mL for ethanol （r＝0.999 5）， 0.033-1.64 μg/mL for acetonitrile （r＝0.999 8）， 0.40-20.00 μg/mL for isopropanol （r＝0.999 5）， 0.071-3.56 μg/mL for methylbenzene （r＝0.999 6）， 0.058-2.88 μg/mL for tetrahydrofuran （r＝0.999 8）， 0.40-20.00 μg/mL for ethyl acetate （r＝0.999 7）， respectively. The limits of quantitation were 0.24， 0.40， 0.033， 0.40， 0.071， 0.058， 0.40 μg/mL， respectively. The limits of detection were 0.08， 0.10， 0.01， 0.13， 0.02， 0.02， 0.13 μg/mL， respectively. RSDs of precision， stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 2％. The recoveries were 98.17％-100.48％ （RSD＝0.92％，n＝9）， 97.77％-101.30％（RSD＝1.32％，n＝9）， 97.56％-100.85％（RSD＝1.20％，n＝9）， 98.64％-100.92％（RSD＝0.87％，n＝9）， 98.54％-100.62％（RSD＝0.76％，n＝9），98.26％-100.00％（RSD＝0.74％，n＝9）， 98.30％-100.59％（RSD＝0.76％，n＝9）， respectively. CONCLUSIONS： The method has high sensitivity and good accuracy， and can be used for the simultaneous determination of residual methanol， ethanol， acetonitrile， isopropane， methylbenzene， tetrahydrofuran and ethyl acetate in Nilethylenol raw material.

End-to-End Comparative Attention Networks for Person Re-Identification.

Person re-identification across disjoint camera views has been widely applied in video surveillance yet it is still a challenging problem. One of the major challenges lies in the lack of spatial and temporal cues, which makes it difficult to deal with large variations of lighting conditions, viewing angles, body poses, and occlusions. Recently, several deep-learning-based person re-identification approaches have been proposed and achieved remarkable performance. However, most of those approaches extract discriminative features from the whole frame at one glimpse without differentiating various parts of the persons to identify. It is essentially important to examine multiple highly discriminative local regions of the person images in details through multiple glimpses for dealing with the large appearance variance. In this paper, we propose a new soft attention-based model, i.e., the end-to-end comparative attention network (CAN), specifically tailored for the task of person re-identification. The end-to-end CAN learns to selectively focus on parts of pairs of person images after taking a few glimpses of them and adaptively comparing their appearance. The CAN model is able to learn which parts of images are relevant for discerning persons and automatically integrates information from different parts to determine whether a pair of images belongs to the same person. In other words, our proposed CAN model simulates the human perception process to verify whether two images are from the same person. Extensive experiments on four benchmark person re-identification data sets, including CUHK01, CHUHK03, Market-1501, and VIPeR, clearly demonstrate that our proposed end-to-end CAN for person re-identification outperforms well established baselines significantly and offer the new state-of-the-art performance.

Content Determination and Dissolution Detection of Magnesium Valproate Tablets by GC Internal Standard Method / 中国药师

Objective: To establish a GC determination method for the content and dissolution of magnesium valproate tablets. Methods:Magnesium valproate tablets were detected by a GC internal standard method. The samples were dissolved in 0. 1 mol·L-1 hydrochloric acid solution, and then extracted by dichloromethane. Eicosane was used as the internal standard. The dissolution was de-termined by the first method described in ChP 2015 edition. The dissolution medium was 0. 1 mol·L-1 hydrochloric acid solution and the rotation speed was 100 r·min-1 with the sampling time at 45 min. The samples were extracted by dichiormethane, and eicosane was used as the internal standard as well. Results: The dissolution of magnesium valproate tablets showed good linearity within the range of 0. 005-1. 000 mg·ml-1(r=0. 9999). The recovery was 99. 2% (RSD=0. 5%, n=9). The dissolution curve showed that magnesium valproate released above 80% in 45 minutes. Conclusion:The method has good specificity and high accuracy, and can be used for the content determination and dissolution detection of magnesium valproate tablets.

Similarity Evaluation of Dissolution Curves for Generic Preparation and Reference Preparation of Bisaco-dyl Enteric-coated Tablets / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the similarity of dissolution curves between generic preparations and reference prepara-tions of Bisacodyl enteric-coated tablets in various dissolution mediums,and to provide reference for improving production technolo-gy and internal quality of generic preparations. METHODS:Paddle method was adopted with rotation speed of 75 r/min. The disso-lution test was performed using 1000 mL pH 6.0 phosphate buffer solution,pH 6.8 phosphate buffer solution,water containing 2% sodium lauryl sulfate. HPLC method was used to determine average accumulative dissolution of main components from 3 kinds of generic preparations and reference preparations at different time points to draw out dissolution curves. Similarity factor(f2)meth-od was used to the similarity of dissolution curves. RESULTS:Dissolution curves of reference preparations were basically the same in 3 kinds of dissolution mediums. But the dissolution curve f2 of one generic preparation among 3 manufactures to dissolution curve of reference preparation were ≥50,namely the similarity. CONCLUSIONS:The quality of generic Bisacodyl enteric-coat-ed tablets produced by different manufacturers is obviously different;the generic preparations needs to be further improved in the production technology and internal quality. For domestic generic preparation,it is necessary to strengthen the real-time monitoring of its dissolution curve,to ensure the drug quality.

Determination of Content and Content Uniformity of Memantine Hydrochloride Dispersible Tablets by an Internal Standard Method of GC / 中国药师

Objective: To establish a GC method for the determination of content and content uniformity of memantine hydrochloride dispersible tablets.Methods: The sample was dissolved in water, alkalified by sodium hydroxide solution and extracted by methylene chloride.An HP-5 gas chromatography column (50 m×0.32 mm, 1.05 μm) was used.The column temperature was programming increased, and the initial temperature maintained at 120 ℃ for 3 min, and then raised to 220 ℃ at a rate of 10℃·min-1 and maintained for 7 min.A hydrogen flame ionization detector (FID) was used and the split ratio was 1∶1.The inlet temperature was 230 ℃ and the detector temperature was 260 ℃.The injection volume was 1 μl and the carrier gas was nitrogen with high purity at a flow rate of 3.0 ml·min-1.Adamantane was used as the internal standard, and the internal standard method was used for the calculation.Results: The calibration curve was linear over the range of 0.05-1.0 mg·ml -1 (r=0.999 7).The detection limit and the limit of quantification was 1.1 ng and 3.3 ng, respectively.The average recovery was 100.2% (RSD =0.73%, n=9).Conclusion: The method has the advantages of simple operation, small extraction process toxicity, little environmental pollution, high accuracy and high specificity, and can be used for the determination of content and content uniformity of memantine hydrochloride dispersible tablets.

Simultaneous Determination of 18α-Glycyrrhizic Acid and 18β-Glycyrrhizic Acid in Diammonium Glycyr-rhizinate by HPLC / 中国药师

Objective:To establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of 18α-glycyrrhizic acid and 18β-glycyr-rhizic acid in diammonium glycyrrhizinate .Methods:A Diamonsil C18 column (200 mm ×4.6 mm, 5 μm) was used with the mobile phase of water (water-60%perchloric acid solution:48∶0.5, adjusting pH to 8.0 with ammonium hydroxide)-methanol (48∶52). The detection wavelength was set at 248 nm and the flow rate was 1.0 ml· min-1 .The column temperature was 30℃and the injection volume was 20 μl.Results:18α-Glycyrrhizic acid and 18β-glycyrrhizic acid were well separated .They had a good linear relationship within the range of 0.005 0-1.000 0 mg· ml-1(r=0.999 7 and 0.999 3).The average recovery was 99.7%and 99.1%, and RSD was 0.9%and 0.4%, respectively (n=9).Conclusion:The method is accurate, simple and reproducible, which can be used for the simultaneous determination of the two constituents in diammonium glycyrrhizinate .

Uncertainty Evaluation in the Determination of Sodium Valproate Tablets by GC with an Internal Standard Method / 中国药师

Objective:To evaluate the measurement uncertainty in the determination of sodium valproate tablets by GC with an in -ternal standard method , and determine the main sources of uncertainty .Methods:A GC internal standard method was selected to sys-tematically analyze the uncertainty in the determination of sodium valproate tablets , including the sample quantity , dilution ratio, purity and area repeatability of chromatographic peaks .Results: The expanded uncertainty of sodium valproate tablets was 2.7%, and the determination range of sodium valproate tablets was (96.3 ±2.7)%(k=2).Conclusion:The established GC internal standard meth-od for the uncertainty evaluation is reliable , which is helpful to improving the quality evaluation and control of sodium valproate tablets .

Determination of Content and Content Uniformity of Bisacodyl Enteric-coated Tablet by HPLC / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the determination of content and content uniformity in Bisacodyl enter-ic-coated tablet. METHODS:HPLC method was performed on the column of Agilent ZORBAX C18 with mobile phase of acetoni-trile-20 mmol/L ammonium acetate(adjusted pH to 5.0 with acetic acid)(55∶45,V/V),the detection wavelength was 265 nm,col-umn temperature was 30℃,flow rate was 1.0 ml/min,and the volume injection was 20 μl. RESULTS:The linear range of bisaco-dyl was 50-1 000 μg/ml(r=0.999 9);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 1%;recovery was 99.50%-101.17%(RSD=0.5%,n=9). CONCLUSIONS:The method is reproducible with high accuracy,and suitable for the quali-ty control of Bisacodyl enteric-coated tablet.

Simultaneous Residual Determination of Two Organic Solvents in Bisacodyl Raw Material by Head-space GC / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for simultaneous residual determination of dichloromethane and ethyl acetate in bisacodyl raw material. METHODS:Head-space GC was performed on the capillary column of 6% cyanopropyl phenyl-94% di-methyl polysiloxane(DB-624)by temperature programming,the temperature of injector was 220 ℃,detector was flame ionization detector with temperature of 250 ℃,carrier gas was high purity nitrogen with the flow rate of 3.0 ml/min,split ration was 1∶10, headspace heating temperature was 70 ℃,equilibration time was 30 min,volume of headspace vial was 5 ml,and the injection volume was 1 ml. RESULTS:The linear range was 6-120μg/ml for dichloromethane(r=0.999 9)and 50-1 000μg/ml for ethyl ac-etate(r=0.999 9);the limit of quantitation was 0.2,1.7 μg,limit of detection was 0.06,0.5 μg;RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were no higher than 3%;recoveries were 100.30%-102.00%(RSD=0.63%,n=9) and 100.10 %-101.30%(RSD=0.44%,n=9). CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple and accurate,and can be used for the simultaneous residual deter-mination of dichloromethane and ethyl acetate in bisacodyl raw material.

Evaluation of Measurement Uncertainty for the Content of Bisacodyl Enteric-coated Tablet by HPLC / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To a evaluation method for the measurement uncertainty for the content of Bisacodyl enteric-coated tablet. METHODS:HPLC external standard method was conducted for content determination of Bisacodyl enteric-coated tablet, and mathematical model for uncertainty evaluation was established to systematically analyze and evaluate the influential factors in processes of solution preparation and instrument measurement. RESULTS:HPLC external standard method showed the content was 97.8%,confidence probability was 95%,expanded uncertainty was 2.8%,and determination result was (97.8 ± 2.8)%,k=2. CONCLUSIONS:The established method is suitable for the evaluation of measurement uncertainty for the content of Bisacodyl en-teric-coated tablet. Regularly calibrated verification for HPLC equipment and strict control of the weighing process will help to im-prove the accuracy measured by HPLC.

Rapid identification 15 effective components of anti common cold medicine with MRM by LC-MS/MS / 药学学报

This paper reports the establishment of a method for rapid identification 15 effective components of anti common cold medicine (paracetamol, aminophenazone, pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, methylephedrine hydrochloride, caffeine, amantadine hydrochloride, phenazone, guaifenesin, chlorphenamine maleate, dextromethorphen hydrobromide, diphenhydramine hydrochloride, promethazine hydrochloride, propyphenazone, benorilate and diclofenac sodium) with MRM by LC-MS/MS. The samples were extracted by methanol and were separated from a Altantis T3 column within 15 min with a gradient of acetonitrile-ammonium acetate (containing 0.25% glacial acetic acid), a tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with electrospray ionization source (ESI) was used in positive ion mode, and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was performed for qualitative analysis of these compounds. The minimum detectable quantity were 0.33-2.5 microg x kg(-1) of the 15 compounds. The method is simple, accurate and with good reproducibility for rapid identification many components in the same chromatographic condition, and provides a reference for qualitative analysis illegally added chemicals in anti common cold medicine.

Influence of flue gas SO2 on the toxicity of heavy metals in municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash after accelerated carbonation stabilization.

The influence of CO(2) content and SO(2) presence on the leaching toxicity of heavy metals in municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) fly ash was studied by examining the carbonation reaction of MSWI fly ash with different combinations of simulated incineration flue gases. Compared with raw ash, the leaching solution pH of carbonated ash decreased by almost 1 unit and the leaching concentrations of heavy metals were generally lower, with that of Pb decreasing from 19.45 mg/L (raw ash) to 4.08 mg/L (1# carbonated ash). The presence of SO(2) in the incineration flue gas increased the leaching concentrations of heavy metals from the fly ash to different extents after the carbonation stabilization reaction. The pH of the leaching solution was the main factor influencing the leaching concentrations of heavy metals. The increase in buffer capacity with the pH of carbonated ash caused an increase in heavy metal stability after the carbonation reaction. Accelerated carbonation stabilization of MSWI fly ash could reduce its long-term leaching concentrations (toxicity) of Cu, Pb, Se, and Zn. The leaching concentrations of heavy metals from carbonated ash also likely had better long-term stability than those from raw ash. The presence of SO(2) in the incineration flue gas increased the proportion of exchangeable state species of heavy metals; slightly increased the long-term leaching toxicity of Cu, Pb, Se, and Zn; and reduced the long-term stability of these metals in the fly ash after the carbonation reaction.

The impact of PDTC on circulating tumor cells of laryngocarcinoma in nude mice model / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the correlation of the nuclear factor (NF-kappaB) and laryngocarcinoma circulating tumor cells (CTC), observe nuclear factor inhibitor PDTC on laryngeal cancer CTC and its possible mechanism.@*METHOD@#In order to establish of laryngocarcinoma nude mice model ,The nude mice inoculated with laryngo carcinoma Hep-2 cells. To 50 nude mice were randomly divided into experimental group (PDTC pretreatment group), the control group (saline group), and Sham group (not inoculated carcinoma cells), tumor inoculated mice were labeled with CK-19 CTC markers, and sacrificed after 8 weeks, then RT-PCR detect CK-19mRNA expression in peripheral blood as to understand the expression of laryngocarcinoma CTC; removed tumor to determine its size, immunohistochemical expression of NF-kappaB in laryngocarcinoma, real-time fluorescence Quantitative PCR detection of laryngocarcinoma VEGF and MMP-9mRNA expression.@*RESULT@#CTC occurrence and the expression of NF-kappaB was not obviously associated, expression in the CTC-positive laryngeal carcinoma, NF-kappaB-positive rate was 90%, while the expression of negative CTC laryngocarcinoma, NF-kappaB-positive rate was 56.7% (P>0.05), but connected with the activity of NF-kappaB; PDTC can inhibit NF-kappaB activation, reduce the incidence of CTC in laryngocarcinoma nude mice model, PDTC group CTC positive rate of 5%, significantly lower than the control group CTC positive rate of 45% (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#PDTC can reduce the incidence of CTC in the laryngocarcinoma nude mouse model, its role may benefit from PDTC reduced the ability of laryngocarcinoma metastasis, which may be as PDTC inhibit NF-kappaB activity, thus make VEGF-C and the expression of MMP-9 down, reducing angiogenesis and reduce tumor invasion of the larynx.

Expression of CK19 mRNA and EGFR mRNA in the peripheral blood and its relationship with lymphatic metastasis in laryngeal carcinoma model / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore clinical evaluate of CK19 mRNA and EGFR mRNA for diagnosis of laryngeal carcinoma micrometastasis, correlation between circulation tumor cell and lymph node metastasis.@*METHOD@#Of 30 nude mice, 25 were randomly divided into 5 experimental groups (5 mice in each group), 5 were acted as control group. The mice were killed 2,4,6,8 and 10 weeks after injection. The expression of CK19 and EGFR mRNA in the peripheral blood and tumor tissue were detected by RT-PCR assay. The expression of EGFR in tumor tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry and lymph node transfer were confirmed using continuous pathological dying.@*RESULT@#None of CK19 and EGFR mRNA were detected in peripheral blood of control group, CK19 mRNA-positive rate was 48% and 80% in peripheral blood and tumor tissue from the experimental group, respectively, and EGFR mRNA-positive rate was 36% and 76%, respectively. Lymph node metastasis happened in the exponential growth phase and transfer rate was 60%(15/25). The expression of CK19 mRNA and EGFR mRNA in lymphatic metastasis groups was higher than that of control, with a positive correlation between lymphatic metastasis and CTC (r = 0.655 , P < 0.01). The protein positive expression rate of EGFR were 88%(22/25) in tumor tissue. All peripheral blood expressed EGFR concomitant EGFR expressing in tumor tissues, and a high expression of EGFR in tumor tissue displayed high expression of EGFR in peripheral blood as well.@*CONCLUSION@#The expression of CK19 and EGFR mRNA in the peripheral blood can provide predictive information of lymphatic metastasis, EGFR mRNA might be a new target of treatment and diagnosis for malignant tumour.

Effects of leachate accumulation on landfill stability in humid regions of China.

Leachate levels are important to landfill stability and safety. High leachate or water levels often lead to landfill instability, which can cause accidents. Here a case study of a landfill located in a humid region of southern China is presented. Leachate distribution and quality were systematically analyzed, and the effect of leachate level on waste-mass stability was assessed. Boreholes were drilled in the field, samples were analyzed in the laboratory, and a simulation was performed. In addition, the safety and stability of the landfill was evaluated. The leachate level in the landfill was 9-19m, which was higher than the top of the dam crest (8-20m). Leachate accounted for more than 1/4 of the total landfill storage capacity. The contaminant concentration of the leachate samples collected directly from the waste body was very high, with large variation among the samples. The mean concentrations of NH(3)-N, BOD, and COD from the waste body were 5404, 14,136, and 22,691mg/L, nearly 2.7, 2.4, and 1.8 times the mean concentrations in the leachate pond, respectively. Three series of shear strength parameters were used in a slope stability analysis, and a limit equilibrium method was used to calculate the factor of safety (Fs). The analysis showed that Fs could be affected by potential anisotropy in the shear strength of the waste. The minimum values of Fs corresponding to series I were 1.84 and 1.17 for units capital I, Ukrainian and II, respectively. The Fs value of unit II was significantly lower than the safe design value (1.25). In addition, Fs decreased with increase in the normalized height of the leachate level, h/H, where h is the height of the leachate mound and H is the maximum thickness of the landfill. If the h/H values of units I and II are kept below 50% and 40%, respectively, a safe design value of 1.25 for Fs can be guaranteed. Therefore, some measures to prevent risk should be considered.