Peroxiredoxin 3 deficiency exacerbates DSS-induced acute colitis via exosomal miR-1260b-mediated barrier disruption and pro-inflammatory signaling.

AIMS: Peroxiredoxin3 (Prdx3) is an intracellular antioxidant enzyme that is specifically localized in mitochondria and protects against oxidative stress by removing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). The intestinal epithelium provides a physical and biochemical barrier that segregates host tissues from commensal bacteria to maintain intestinal homeostasis. An imbalance between the cellular antioxidant defense system and oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the role of Prdx3 in the intestinal epithelium under intestinal inflammation has not been elucidated. To investigate the potential role of Prdx3 in intestinal inflammation, we used intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)-specific Prdx3-knockout mice. RESULTS: IEC-specific Prdx3-deficient mice showed more severe colitis phenotypes with greater degrees of body weight loss, colon shortening, barrier disruption, mitochondrial damage, and ROS generation in IECs. Furthermore, exosomal miR-1260b was dramatically increased in Prdx3-knockdown colonic epithelial cells. Mechanistically, Prdx3 deficiency promoted intestinal barrier disruption and inflammation via P38-MAPK/NFκB signaling. INNOVATION: this is the first study to report the protective role of Prdx3 in acute colitis using IEC-specific conditional knockout mice. CONCLUSION: our study sheds light on the role of exosome-loaded miRNAs, particularly miR-1260b, in IBD. targeting miR-1260b or modulating exosome-mediated intercellular communication may hold promise as potential therapeutic strategies for managing IBD and restoring intestinal barrier integrity.

Research on species categorical authentication of accelerants based on flame characteristics analysis.

Species categorical authentication of accelerants has traditionally relied on fire debris analysis. To explore a novel method for identifying the accelerants species, four commonly used accelerants for arson were loaded onto different substrates and ignited at different locations. The entire combustion process was recorded and flame characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that the probability density function (PDF) of flame apex angle counts within a certain period after ignition can be used to distinguish accelerant species, and this method is not affected by accelerant loading amount, ignition location, and substrate, demonstrating strong stability and universality, while the temporal variation of flame area and the value obtained by dividing half of the flame width by the flame height (tangent of flame cone angle) can effectively differentiate gasoline and diesel. The utilization of flame characteristics for identifying accelerants species holds significant implications for arson investigation.

Rhizosphere Mortierella strain of alfalfa exerted weed growth inhibition by inducing expression of plant hormone-related genes.

Introduction: Weeds are significant factors that detrimentally affect crop health and hinder optimal herbage yield. Rhizosphere microorganisms play crucial roles in plant growth, development, and nutrient uptake. Therefore, research focusing on weed control through the lens of microorganisms has emerged as a prominent area of study. The oil-producing fungus Mortierella, which is known for its numerous agricultural benefits, has garnered significant attention in recent years. Methods: In this study, we conducted inoculation experiments in a controlled artificial culture climate chamber to investigate the effects of differential hormones and differentially expressed genes in the stems and leaves of Digitaria sanguinalis using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry and RNA-seq techniques, respectively. Additionally, Pearson's correlation analysis was used to establish correlations between differential hormones and growth indicators of Digitaria sanguinalis. Results and discussion: The results demonstrated that inoculation with Mortierella sp. MXBP304 effectively suppressed aboveground biomass and plant height in Digitaria sanguinalis. Furthermore, there was significant upregulation and downregulation in the expression of genes involved in the synthesis and metabolism of phenylalanine and L-phenylalanine. Conversely, the expression of genes related to tryptophan, L-tryptophan, and indole was significantly downregulated. The addition of Mortierella sp. MXBP304 can influence the gene expression associated with phenylalanine and tryptophan synthesis and metabolism during Digitaria sanguinalis growth, subsequently reducing the relative contents of phenylalanine and tryptophan, thereby directly inhibiting Digitaria sanguinalis growth.

Application of a virtual ruler (VR) in predicting postoperative rebleeding from esophageal varices in patients with liver cirrhosis.

BACKGROUND: Esophageal variceal diameter (EVD) is one of the most important predictors of variceal bleeding, as well as an important predictor of the effectiveness of endoscopic esophageal varices (EV) treatments. EVD is currently determined using visual inspection by endoscopic operators, meaning that results can vary widely between operators. This approach also means that cases unsuitable for Endoscopic variceal ligation(EVL) can be complicated by postoperative hemorrhage. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore the value of a virtual ruler (VR) in predicting rebleeding after the endoscopic treatment of EV in patients with cirrhosis. METHODS: We enrolled 588 patients with cirrhosis and EV (with and without gastric varices), who were treated with EVL or Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) across three hospitals. We categorized participants into a non-bleeding group and a rebleeding group according to whether they bled again after surgery. We compared basic demographic and clinical data, laboratory tests, EVD, and treatment modalities between the two groups. Potential risk factors for rebleeding after EV operations were analyzed using univariate and multivariable regression analyses. Correlations between esophageal variceal rebleeding and EVD were also analyzed, as was consistency between visual EVD estimates and EVD measured using a VR. RESULTS: Child-Pugh class, Albumin (ALB)levels, Prothrombin Time (PT) levels, EVD (Visual value), EVD(VR value), red sign, and the number of laps used for EVL showed statistically significant differences between the rebleeding and non-bleeding groups. Univariate regression analysis showed that Child-Pugh classification, ALB levels, PT levels, EVD( VR value), and red sign were strongly associated with rebleeding after endoscopic treatment of EV, while multivariable regression analysis showed that Child-Pugh classification, ALB levels, and EVD (VR value) were predictive factors for rebleeding after endoscopic treatment of EV. Differences between visual EVD estimates and VR EVD measurements were large. (Kappa value: 0.391, p < 0.001). However, the two methods showed high agreement for EVD > 1cm (87/95) CONCLUSIONS: EVD (VR value) can more accurately predict rebleeding rates. It can also provide a basis for selecting appropriate endoscopic treatment modalities for EV and effectively circumvent postoperative EV rebleeding.

Differential effects of the N-terminal helix of FGF8b on the activity of a small-molecule FGFR inhibitor in cell culture and for the extracellular domain of FGFR3c in solution.

SSR128129E (SSR) is a unique small-molecule inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs). SSR is a high-affinity allosteric binder that selectively blocks one of the two major FGFR-mediated pathways. The mechanisms of SSR activity were studied previously in much detail, allowing the identification of its binding site, located in the hydrophobic groove of the receptor D3 domain. The binding site overlaps with the position of an N-terminal helix, an element exclusive for the FGF8b growth factor, which could potentially convert SSR from an allosteric inhibitor into an orthosteric blocker for the particular FGFR/FGF8b system. In this regard, we report here on the structural and functional investigation of FGF8b/FGFR3c system and the effects imposed on it by SSR. We show that SSR is equally or more potent in inhibiting FGF8b-induced FGFR signaling compared to FGF2-induced activation. On the other hand, when studied in the context of separate extracellular domains of FGFR3c in solution with NMR spectroscopy, SSR is unable to displace the N-terminal helix of FGF8b from its binding site on FGFR3c and behaves as a weak orthosteric inhibitor. The substantial inconsistency between the results obtained with cell culture and for the individual water-soluble subdomains of the FGFR proteins points to the important role played by the cell membrane.

Association of dietary vitamin C consumption with severe headache or migraine among adults: a cross-sectional study of NHANES 1999-2004.

Background: An antioxidant-rich diet has been shown to protect against migraines in previous research. However, little has been discovered regarding the association between migraines and vitamin C (an essential dietary antioxidant). This study assessed the dietary vitamin C intake among adult migraineurs in the United States to determine if there is a correlation between migraine incidence and vitamin C consumption in adults. Methods: This cross-sectional research encompassed adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2004, providing detailed information on their dietary vitamin C intake as well as their history of severe headaches or migraines. The study used weighted multivariable and logistic regression analyses to find an independent connection between vitamin C consumption and severe headache or migraine. Tests of interactions and subgroup analysis were conducted. Results: Among the 13,445 individuals in the sample, 20.42% had a severe headache or migraine. In fully adjusted models, dietary vitamin C consumption was substantially linked negatively with severe headache or migraine (odds ratio [OR] = 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.91-0.98, p = 0.0007). Compared to quartile 1, quartile 4 had 22% fewer odds of having a severe headache or migraine (OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.69-0.89, p = 0.0002). Subgroup analyses showed a significant difference between vitamin C intake and severe headaches or migraines by gender (p for interaction < 0.01). Conclusion: Reduced risk of severe headaches or migraines may be associated with increased consumption of vitamin C.

Case Report: Scalp pityriasis versicolor may be a neglected problem.

Pityriasis versicolor, a common skin fungal infection, is typically observed on trunk and limb skin. Here, we highlight an unusual presentation: scalp involvement, often overlooked due to its asymptomatic, mildly scaly patches. We report four pediatric cases, emphasizing the potential underestimation of this scalp variant. This case series underscores the importance of considering this diagnosis in patients with unexplained scalp hypopigmentation, especially in males with short hair who may readily notice these subtle changes. The report contributes to the understanding of this variant's clinical presentation and emphasizes the need for awareness among clinicians to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.

Screening of Reference Genes for Quantitative Real-Time PCR Analysis in Tissues and during Testis Development, and Application to Analyze the Expression of kifc1 in Hemibarbus labeo (Teleostei, Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae).

The selection of proper reference genes is vital for ensuring precise quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assays. This study evaluates the stability of the expression of nine candidate reference genes in different tissues and during testicular development in H. labeo. The results show that eef1a is recommended as a reference gene for qPCR analysis in tissues and during testicular development. Furthermore, we evaluated the optimal number of reference genes needed when calculating gene expression levels using the geomean method, revealing that two reference genes are sufficient. Specifically, eef1a and rps27 are recommended for analysis of gene expression in tissues, whereas eef1a and actb are advised for evaluating gene expression during testicular development. In addition, we examined the expression pattern of kifc1, a kinesin involved in the reshaping of spermatids. We detected peak expression levels of kifc1 in testes, with its expression initially increasing before decreasing throughout testicular development. The highest expression of kifc1 was observed in stage IV testes, the active period of spermiogenesis, suggesting a possible role for kifc1 in the regulation of the reshaping of spermatids and hence testicular development. This study represents the first investigation of reference genes for H. labeo, providing a foundation for studying gene expression patterns and investigating gene expression regulation during testicular development.

Disulfiram downregulates ferredoxin 1 to maintain copper homeostasis and inhibit inflammation in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.

In the current study, we aimed to investigate whether disulfiram (DSF) exerts a neuroprotective role in cerebral ischemiareperfusion (CI-RI) injury by modulating ferredoxin 1 (FDX1) to regulate copper ion (Cu) levels and inhibiting inflammatory responses. To simulate CI-RI, a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) model in C57/BL6 mice was employed. Mice were administered with or without DSF before and after tMCAO. Changes in infarct volume after tMCAO were observed using TTC staining. Nissl staining and hematoxylin-eosin (he) staining were used to observe the morphological changes of nerve cells at the microscopic level. The inhibitory effect of DSF on initial inflammation was verified by TUNEL assay, apoptosis-related protein detection and iron concentration detection. FDX1 is the main regulatory protein of copper death, and the occurrence of copper death will lead to the increase of HSP70 stress and inflammatory response. Cuproptosis-related proteins and downstream inflammatory factors were detected by western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and immunohistochemistry. The content of copper ions was detected using a specific kit, while electron microscopy was employed to examine mitochondrial changes. We found that DSF reduced the cerebral infarction volume, regulated the expression of cuproptosis-related proteins, and modulated copper content through down regulation of FDX1 expression. Moreover, DSF inhibited the HSP70/TLR-4/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Collectively, DSF could regulate Cu homeostasis by inhibiting FDX1, acting on the HSP70/TLR4/NLRP3 pathway to alleviate CI/RI. Accordingly, DSF could mitigate inflammatory responses and safeguard mitochondrial integrity, yielding novel therapeutic targets and mechanisms for the clinical management of ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Impact of C-reactive Protein on Anticoagulation Monitoring in Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of inflammation on anticoagulation monitoring for patients supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). DESIGN: Prospective single-center cohort study. SETTING: University-affiliated tertiary care academic medical center. PARTICIPANTS: Adult venovenous and venoarterial ECMO patients anticoagulated with heparin/ MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: C-Reactive protein (CRP) was used as a surrogate for overall inflammation. The relationship between CRP and the partial thromboplastin time (PTT, seconds) was evaluated using a CRP-insensitive PTT assay (PTT-CRP) in addition to measurement using a routine PTT assay. Data from 30 patients anticoagulated with heparin over 371 ECMO days was included. CRP levels (mg/dL) were significantly elevated (median, 17.2; interquartile range [IQR], 9.2-26.1) and 93% of patients had a CRP of ≥5. The median PTT (median 58.9; IQR, 46.9-73.3) was prolonged by 11.3 seconds compared with simultaneously measured PTT-CRP (median, 47.6; IQR, 40.1-55.5; p < 0.001). The difference between PTT and PTT-CRP generally increased with CRP elevation from 2.7 for a CRP of <5.0 to 13.0 for a CRP between 5 and 10, 17.7 for a CRP between 10 and 15, and 15.1 for a CRP of >15 (p < 0.001). In a subgroup of patients, heparin was transitioned to argatroban, and a similar effect was observed (median PTT, 62.1 seconds [IQR, 53.0-78.5 seconds] vs median PTT-CRP, 47.6 seconds [IQR, 41.3-57.7 seconds]; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Elevations in CRP are common during ECMO and can falsely prolong PTT measured by commonly used assays. The discrepancy due to CRP-interference is important clinically given narrow PTT targets and may contribute to hematological complications.

Preclinical development of a stabilized RH5 virus-like particle vaccine that induces improved antimalarial antibodies.

Plasmodium falciparum reticulocyte-binding protein homolog 5 (RH5) is a leading blood-stage malaria vaccine antigen target, currently in a phase 2b clinical trial as a full-length soluble protein/adjuvant vaccine candidate called RH5.1/Matrix-M. We identify that disordered regions of the full-length RH5 molecule induce non-growth inhibitory antibodies in human vaccinees and that a re-engineered and stabilized immunogen (including just the alpha-helical core of RH5) induces a qualitatively superior growth inhibitory antibody response in rats vaccinated with this protein formulated in Matrix-M adjuvant. In parallel, bioconjugation of this immunogen, termed "RH5.2," to hepatitis B surface antigen virus-like particles (VLPs) using the "plug-and-display" SpyTag-SpyCatcher platform technology also enables superior quantitative antibody immunogenicity over soluble protein/adjuvant in vaccinated mice and rats. These studies identify a blood-stage malaria vaccine candidate that may improve upon the current leading soluble protein vaccine candidate RH5.1/Matrix-M. The RH5.2-VLP/Matrix-M vaccine candidate is now under evaluation in phase 1a/b clinical trials.

Preoperative short-course radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy and PD-1 inhibitor administration for locally advanced rectal cancer: A study protocol of a randomized phase II/III trial (STELLAR II study).

AIM: For patients with locally advanced rectal cancer, previous STELLAR studies have shown that a new adjuvant treatment paradigm of short-course radiotherapy followed by neoadjuvant chemotherapy can achieve pathological complete response rates superior to those of standard care; however, the 3-year DFS is inferior to neoadjuvant concurrent radiotherapy. Recent studies have shown that immune checkpoint inhibitors may improve the prognosis of rectal cancer and have good synergy with radiotherapy. Therefore, neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors after a short course of radiotherapy has the potential to further improve complete response rates and prognosis. METHOD: The STELLAR II study is a multicentre, open label, two-arm randomized, phase II/III trial of short-course radiotherapy followed by neoadjuvant chemotherapy concurrent with immunotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer. A total of 588 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) will be randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group will receive short-course radiotherapy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy in combination with sindilizumab, while the control group will receive short-course radiotherapy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Both groups will subsequently receive either total rectal mesenteric resection or a watch & wait (W&W) strategy. The phase II primary endpoint is the complete remission rate, and the secondary endpoints include grade 3-4 adverse events, perioperative complications, R0 resection rate, overall survival, local recurrence rate, distant metastasis rate and quality of life score. A seamless phase II/III randomized controlled design will be used to investigate the effectiveness and safety of the TNT strategy with the addition of immunotherapy. The trial opened, and the first patient was recruited on 31 August 2022. Trial registration number and date of registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05484024, 29 July 2022. DISCUSSION: The STELLAR II trial will prospectively evaluate the efficacy of TNT treatment strategies that incorporate immune checkpoint inhibitors. The trial will yield important information to guide routine management of patients with local advanced rectal cancer.

Conformal frequency selective rasorber in S, C, X-band with low backward-scattering.

In this paper, a polarization-insensitive high transmittance bandpass filter with low radar cross section (RCS) in both S- and X-band is proposed. This is the first study to use the partition layout loading approach for conformal structures with transmissive windows, reducing the operating band RCS. Curved structures have stronger radiation at a smaller angle to the incident wave, and that is how their scattering differs from uniform scattering from flat structures. The structure is divided by analyzing the radiative contribution of different regions. The surface was discussed in regions according to surface angles, and a new partition layout loading method was used to suppress the side currents and decreased backward scattering, achieving a backward RCS reduction of more than 10 dB at 4-8 GHz (66.7%). The bandpass layer operating at 6.9 GHz is designed through equivalent circuit theory. In combination with the lossy layer, absorption above 0.8 at 3.7-5.6 GHz and 9.1-12.5 GHz was achieved. Further, the structure was fashioned into a curved surface with varying curvature, demonstrating its effective absorption and transmission properties across different curvatures. A 15 × 15 cell structure was designed and fabricated, and there was good agreement between the test results and simulation results. The proposed structure has important applications in radomes, conformal structures, and electromagnetic shielding.

A study of the effect of natural brown cotton gauze on the healing of infected wounds.

BACKGROUND: Medical dressings are designed to promote wound healing and reduce infection. The aim of project is to investigate the effect of natural brown colored cotton dressings on the healing of infected wounds in E.coli animals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, degreased white cotton gauze was used as the control group, with degreased brown cotton gauze and degreased bleached brown cotton gauze as the experimental group 1 and experimental group 2, to investigate the effect on the repair of post-infectious wound damage in animals by establishing an infected wound model in rats with E.coli as the infecting organism. RESULTS: The ability to promote healing of infected wounds was investigated by analyzing the wound healing status, macroscopic wound healing rate, hematoxylin-eosin staining, Masson staining, secretion of inflammatory factors by Elisa assay. The result showed that at day 14 of wound healing, the macroscopic wound healing rate was greater than 98% for all three groups of dressings; the collagen content reached 49.85 ± 5.84% in the experimental group 1 and 53.48 ± 5.32% in the experimental group 2, which was higher than the control group; brown cotton gauze promotes skin wound healing by shortening the inflammatory period in both groups. The expression of three inflammatory factors THF-α, IL-2, and IL-8 and three cytokines MMP-3, MMP-8, and MMP-9 were lower than that of the control group. CONCLUSIONS: It was found that natural brown cotton gauze has better repairing and promoting healing effect on infected wounds. It opens up the application of natural brown cotton gauze in the treatment of infected wounds.

Targeting dendritic cell activation: the therapeutic impact of paeoniflorin in cortosteroid-dependent dermatitis management.

This study investigates the mechanism through which paeoniflorin inhibits TSLP expression to regulate dendritic cell activation in corticosteroid-dependent dermatitis treatment. Utilizing databases like TCMSP, we identified paeoniflorin's components, targets, and constructed networks. Molecular docking and gene enrichment analysis helped pinpoint key targets and pathways affected by paeoniflorin. In vitro and in vivo models were used to study CD80, CD86, cytokines, T-cell activation, skin lesions, histopathological changes, TSLP, CD80, and CD86 expression. Our study revealed paeoniflorin's active constituent targeting IL-6 in corticosteroid-dependent dermatitis. In vitro experiments demonstrated reduced TSLP expression, CD80, CD86, and cytokine secretion post-paeoniflorin treatment. In vivo, paeoniflorin significantly decreased skin lesion severity, cytokine levels, TSLP, CD80, and CD86 expression. The study highlights paeoniflorin's efficacy in inhibiting TSLP expression and suppressing dendritic cell activation in corticosteroid-dependent dermatitis, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic intervention. Additionally, it offers insights into the complex molecular mechanisms underlying paeoniflorin's anti-inflammatory properties in treating corticosteroid-dependent dermatitis.

Functional insights of digestion, absorption, and immunity in different segments of the intestine in Hemibarbus labeo from transcriptomic analysis.

The intestine is an important organ for food digestion and absorption and body immunity in fish. In this study, we investigated the abundance of transcripts from different segments of the intestinal tract using transcriptome sequencing technology in Hemibarbus labeo, to provide functional insights into digestion, absorption, and immunity in the anterior intestine (AI), middle intestine (MI), and posterior intestine (PI). We found 5646 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were significantly enriched to GO terms of carbohydrate metabolic process, transmembrane transport, iron ion binding, lipid metabolic process, and KEGG pathway of fat digestion and absorption, mineral absorption, protein digestion and absorption, vitamin digestion and absorption, indicating that the digestion and absorption function of food is different in AI, MI, and PI. In practice, most genes, enriched in the KEGG pathway for digestion and absorption of nutrients, are upregulated in AI and MI, indicating stronger roles for food digestion and absorption in these segments. Furthermore, we found that genes involved in the KEGG pathway of lysosome and endocytosis pathway are upregulated in PI, suggesting stronger antigen-presenting capabilities in PI. However, some cytokine receptor genes, including ccr4, cxcr2, tnfrsf9, il6r, csf3r, and cxcr4, are highly expressed in AI, reflecting the regional immune specialization in different segments. This study provides functional insights into digestion, absorption, and immunity in different segments of the intestine and supports the regional functional specialization within different segments of the intestine in H. labeo.

A new evaluation system for drug-microbiota interactions.

The drug response phenotype is determined by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The high clinical conversion failure rate of gene-targeted drugs might be attributed to the lack of emphasis on environmental factors and the inherent individual variability in drug response (IVDR). Current evidence suggests that environmental variables, rather than the disease itself, are the primary determinants of both gut microbiota composition and drug metabolism. Additionally, individual differences in gut microbiota create a unique metabolic environment that influences the in vivo processes underlying drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). Here, we discuss how gut microbiota, shaped by both genetic and environmental factors, affects the host's ADME microenvironment within a new evaluation system for drug-microbiota interactions. Furthermore, we propose a new top-down research approach to investigate the intricate nature of drug-microbiota interactions in vivo. This approach utilizes germ-free animal models, providing foundation for the development of a new evaluation system for drug-microbiota interactions.

Study on the methods of visualizing bloodstains after thermal exposure.

To establish the correlation between thermal conditions imposed on bloodstains and visualizing effect of enhancement techniques, infrared photography and four chemical enhancement reagents were used to visualize bloodstains following thermal exposure. A black tile was selected as the substrate to intensify the visualization challenge, with a Cone Calorimeter serving as the standardized heating source to control thermal conditions. Compared with standard photography, infrared photography is proven to be a valuable complement to chemical reagents, showing significant advantages in visualizing bloodstains after thermal exposure. However, it is worth noting that infrared image fell short of standard image when bloodstains displayed raised, embossed morphology or when bloodstains almost disappeared under specific conditions. The enhancement effectiveness was found to be strongly correlated with thermal conditions imposed on bloodstains, and the morphology evolution of bloodstains during heating affected the chemical enhancement effect additionally, especially when the bulge morphology was formed, and it was observed that reagents were more effective after removing the dense shell of the bulge. Among the four selected chemical enhancement reagents, fluorescein performed exceptionally well, maintaining its effectiveness even for bloodstains heated at 641°C for 10 min. TMB demonstrated its visualizing ability for bloodstains heated at 396°C for 5 min and heated at 310°C for 20 min. BLUESTAR® followed afterwards, while luminol performed worst. The correlation between thermal conditions imposed on bloodstains and the corresponding visualizing effectiveness of enhancement techniques provides important references for detecting bloodstains at fire scenes.

A cross-dataset adaptive domain selection transfer learning framework for motor imagery-based brain-computer interfaces.

Objective. In brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) that utilize motor imagery (MI), minimizing calibration time has become increasingly critical for real-world applications. Recently, transfer learning (TL) has been shown to effectively reduce the calibration time in MI-BCIs. However, variations in data distribution among subjects can significantly influence the performance of TL in MI-BCIs.Approach.We propose a cross-dataset adaptive domain selection transfer learning framework that integrates domain selection, data alignment, and an enhanced common spatial pattern (CSP) algorithm. Our approach uses a huge dataset of 109 subjects as the source domain. We begin by identifying non-BCI illiterate subjects from this huge dataset, then determine the source domain subjects most closely aligned with the target subjects using maximum mean discrepancy. After undergoing Euclidean alignment processing, features are extracted by multiple composite CSP. The final classification is carried out using the support vector machine.Main results.Our findings indicate that the proposed technique outperforms existing methods, achieving classification accuracies of 75.05% and 76.82% in two cross-dataset experiments, respectively.Significance.By reducing the need for extensive training data, yet maintaining high accuracy, our method optimizes the practical implementation of MI-BCIs.

Real-world drug treatment models of novel targeted drugs in Chinese patients with gynecological cancer from 2017 to 2021: A cross-sectional analysis.

Objective: The significance of novel anti-tumor pharmaceuticals in the treatment of gynecological tumors is growing, but there is no consensus regarding the optimal drug delivery strategy for gynecological tumors. This study seeks to investigate the treatment models of novel anti-tumor drugs in patients with gynecological cancer in China over the past five years, with a particular emphasis on the trend and rationality of their use. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from a China Medical Association-supervised hospital prescription analysis cooperation initiative. The data was derived from prescriptions written for patients diagnosed with cancer between January 2017 and December 2021. The required information for patients was extracted. Our study included 2308 patients that were diagnosed as gynecological tumors which were treated with novel antineoplastic targeted drugs. Patients were categorized by age and region. Then, the selection, application, and indications of the most essential treatment pharmaceuticals were investigated. We evaluated anti-tumor prescription information based on the recommended drug labeling protocol and the most recent domestic and international guidelines.Excel 2013 and SPSS (version 25; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, United States) were utilized to conduct statistical analysis.In addition，we also used Sankey diagram to evalute the relation between novel antineoplastic targeted drugs and corresponding diagnoses. Result: The top three cities for the 2308 patients included in this study were Guangzhou (28.51%), Hangzhou (21.79%), and Beijing (20.06%). In the past five years, the average age of medication patients was 55.61-year-old, with 37.86% of women aged of 51-60. Each patient's primary treatment regimens were statistically analyzed, yielding a total of 16 single-drug and combination-drug primary treatment regimens. Bevacizumab, Olaparib, Trastuzumab, Apatinib, and Arotinib were the top five treatment strategies. The maximum proportion, up to 0.74%, was attributed to the combination of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 inhibitor (HER2i), including Trastuzumab and Parostuzumab. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitor (VEGFRi), including Bevacizumab and Apatinib was the most frequently prescribed medication for outpatients in major cities across the country. According to the 5-year change in time, poly adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) rated first in terms of usage, with Olaparib ranking first with the highest concentration of 33.44% and Niraparib ranking second overall with the fastest growth in 2021. The quantity of VEGFRi variants utilized was the greatest, and their proportion of total usage increased annually. The top five drugs by total drug costs were Bevacizumab, Carelizumab, Olaparib, Trastuzumab, and Apatinib. However, the top five drugs by per capita drug cost were Olaparib + Bevacizumab, Bevacizumab + Sidilimab, Arrotinib + Olaparib, Olaparib, and Patuzumab + Trastuzumab. Conclusion: The incidence rate of gynecological tumor patients rises with age, and the cost of drug treatment has risen annually over the past five years, which is also related to the rising incidence rate of tumors in recent years. Bevacizumab rates first in the drug treatment scheme for the application of novel anti-tumor targeted drugs, which may be related to the widespread use of VEGFRi drugs in gynecological and reproductive tumors. Breast cancer and adenocarcinoma are at the top of the female cancer incidence spectrum, which may explain why HER2i multi-drug combination regimen rates highest among multi-drug combination regimens. Future research may concentrate on how novel anti-tumor targeted drugs can minimize the economic burden and maximize the benefits of patient treatment for patients with gynecological cancer.