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Intestinal microbiota plays an important role in maintaining liver metabolic homeostasis and affects the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma by participating in bile acid metabolism. Gut-liver axis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of liver diseases， and it might be one of the effective methods to prevent the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma by correcting intestinal ecological imbalance to restore normal bile acid level. This article summarizes the mechanism of bile acid receptor affecting hepatocellular carcinoma and the latest therapeutic targets， in order to provide a reference for the early prevention and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Objective:To explore the early warning value of laboratory parameters in patients with severe hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS).Methods:The clinical data of 101 patients with HFRS hospitalized in the Department of Infectious Diseases of the First Hospital of Changsha from December 2013 to December 2020 were collected and analyzed. The differences of clinical routine laboratory parameters between mild and severe HFRS patients were compared and analyzed. The statistical methods including independent sample t test, rank sum test, chi-square test, Spearman rank correlation analysis, logistic regression analysis and receiver operator characteristic curve were used. Results:Among 101 patients with HFRS, 38 cases were in severe group and 63 cases in mild group. White blood cell count, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), prothrombin time (PT), creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), serum creatinine, urea nitrogen and D-dimer in severe group were higher than those in mild group, while platelet count and albumin were lower than those in mild group, and the differences were all statistically significant ( t=8.61, Z=-3.76, t=4.19, Z=-2.84, Z=-7.23, t=4.98, t=4.64, t=36.02, Z=-5.49 and t=4.14, respectively; all P<0.050). Severe HFRS was positively correlated with white blood cell count, AST, PT, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), CK-MB, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen and D-dimer ( r=0.629, 0.376, 0.549, 0.471, 0.723, 0.500, 0.341 and 0.588, respectively; all P<0.001). White blood cell count, albumin, PT and CK-MB were independent influencing factors for the progression of severe HFRS (odds ratio ( OR)=0.922, 1.374, 0.730 and 0.938, respectively; all P<0.050). The area under curve (AUC) of white blood cell count, albumin, PT and CK-MB for the early warning prediction of severe HFRS were 0.869, 0.739, 0.785 and 0.931, respectively, with the optimal thresholds for prediction of 26.38×10 9/L, 26.05 g/L, 15.95 s and 35.5 U/L, respectively.And the AUC of the combined detection of the above laboratory parameters was 0.950, with the sensitivity of 87.3% and the specificity of 94.7%. Conclusions:White blood cell count, albumin, PT and CK-MB could be used as independent influencing factors for early warning of severe HFRS. Combined detection is more helpful for early warning of severe HFRS than single detection.
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Objective To investigate the influence of vitamin D deficiency on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Methods The patients with NASH who were hospitalized in Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Changsha, from January 2020 to October 2021 were enrolled, and according to the serum level of 1, 25(OH) 2 D 3 , they were divided into group A with 1, 25(OH) 2 D 3 deficiency ( 30 ng/mL). The three groups were compared in terms of the serum levels of 1, 25(OH) 2 D 3 , alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBil), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), interleukin-18 (IL-18), and interleukin-37 (IL-37) and liver pathological grade, and fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index was calculated. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of continuous data between multiple groups, and the least significant difference t -test was used for further comparison between two groups; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. A Pearson correlation analysis was also performed. Results A total of 120 NASH patients were enrolled, with 40 patients in each group. Compared with group A, groups B and C had significant increases in the levels of 1, 25(OH) 2 D 3 and IL-37 and significant reductions in FIB-4 index and the levels of ALT, AST, TBil, TC, TG, and IL-18 (all P < 0.05). Compared with group B, group C had significant increases in the levels of 1, 25(OH) 2 D 3 and IL-37 and significant reductions in FIB-4 index and the levels of ALT, AST, TC, TG, and IL-18 (all P < 0.05). The correlation analysis showed that 1, 25(OH) 2 D 3 was negatively correlated with ALT ( r =-0.84, P < 0.001), AST ( r =-0.77, P < 0.001), TBil ( r =-0.32, P < 0.001), TC ( r =-0.45, P < 0.001), TG ( r =-0.42, P < 0.001), IL-18 ( r =-0.40, P < 0.001), and FIB-4 index ( r =-0.62, P < 0.001), and it was positively correlated with IL-37 ( r =0.59, P < 0.001). Compared with group A, groups B and C had significant reductions in the proportion of patients with severe steatosis ( χ 2 =51.46, P < 0.001), bridging fibrosis and early liver cirrhosis ( χ 2 =36.59, P < 0.001), or bridging necrosis and large-scale necrosis ( χ 2 =37.28, P < 0.001). Light microscopy showed that group A had extensive ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes, a large number of lipid droplets (mainly macrovesicular lipid droplets), disordered arrangement of the liver plate, lymphocyte infiltration, and focal bridging fibrosis; group B mainly had spotted focal necrosis, periportal fibrosis, lipid droplets with various sizes, a small amount of neutrophil infiltration, and ballooning degeneration of some hepatocytes; group C had ballooning degeneration of a small number of hepatocytes, focal perisinusoidal fibrosis, a small number of lesions with spotted focal necrosis, and a small number of lipid droplets in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. Conclusion The degree of liver injury and fibrosis increases with the reduction in vitamin D level, and vitamin D measurement helps to evaluate the progression of NASH.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the value of liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and spleen stiffness measurement (SSM) based on FibroTouch (FT) transient elastography combined with serum adenosine deaminase (ADA) in predicting severe esophageal varices (EV) in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis. MethodsRelated clinical data were collected from 120 patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis who attended Department of Infectious Diseases, Changsha First Hospital, from December 2017 to June 2020. FT was used to measure LSM and SSM, and related examinations were performed, including electronic gastroscopy and serum levels of ADA, hemoglobin, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase and platelet count. The serum liver fibrosis markers aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio (AAR), and fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) were calculated. According to the severity of EV under gastroscopy, the subjects were divided into severe EV group with 58 patients and non-severe EV (without EV or with mild-to-moderate EV) group with 62 patients. The t-test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between groups; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. The Spearman rank correlation test was used to investigate the correlation of LSM, SSM, and ADA with severe EV. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the efficacy of LSM, SSM, and ADA in the diagnosis of severe EV, and sensitivity and specificity were calculated. A multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the combined indicators, and the Z test was used for comparison of AUC. ResultsThere were significant differences in LSM, SSM, and ADA between the two groups (all P＜0.05). LSM, SSM, and ADA were positively correlated with severe EV, with a correlation coefficient of 0.686, 0.743, and 0.723, respectively (all P＜0.05). The optimal cut-off value was 22.35 kPa for LSM, 45.25 kPa for SSM, and 34.50 U/L for ADA in predicting severe EV, with an AUC of 0746, 0.802, and 0.791, respectively, a sensitivity of 82.8%, 75.9%, and 58.6%, respectively, and a specificity of 65.6%, 77.4%, and 90.2%, respectively. LSM+ADA, SSM+ADA, and LSM+SSM+ADA had an AUC of 0.826, 0.853, and 0.907, respectively, in predicting severe EV (all P＜0.05). ConclusionLiver/spleen stiffness combined with serum ADA has a good value in predicting severe EV, which can provide a preliminary diagnostic basis for severe EV in patients who refuse to undergo gastroscopy.
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Objective To analyse the efficiency of postural control after 24h sleep deprivation.Methods To observe the change of the static posturography of 16 healthy male after 24h sleep deprivation.Results After 24h sleep deprivation,in both eyes-open condition,whole path length(0h:564.40±42.07,24h:535.23±33.28),unit-path-length(0h:6.96±3.20,24h:5.49±2.65),deflection average center displacement X (0h:7.01±2.79,24h:5.06±3.73)significantly decreased,but standard deviation Y(0h:3.17±0.83,24h:3.98±1.34)significantly increased.In both eyes-closed condition,whole path length(0h:645.70±80.05,24h:587.27±64.87)significantly decreased.Conclusion After 24h sleep deprivation,there are less spontaneous movements of body and lower efficiency of postural control.
