Negative pressure therapy with the ULTRAVAC instillation in the therapy of infected laparotomies with fascitis temporary results of a prospective randomized study.

INTRODUCTION: Negative pressure wound therapy is a healing modality utilizing continuous or intermittently applied vacuum to the wound bed. Nowadays is available a vacuum system supported by an automated instillation with volumetric control. It`s main therapeutic benefit is the dilution of the exudate, which reduces the viscosity and secures the «delicate¼ necrectomy. METHOD: Presentation of the temporary results of a prospective randomized study comparing the effectiveness of both therapeutic techniques. Entirely 41 patients were enrolled in the study from November 2016 to September 2018. The primary goal of the project is to compare the length of therapy, the number of surgical debridements and evaluation the financial costs. Secondary targets are observed changes in biological load and bacterial spectrum. RESULTS: The duration of the therapy was 2 days shorter in the experimental group compared to the control sample. However, the average number of applications was higher. Defects with the instillation system were characterized by a shorter cleaning phase (p=0.057). The secondary suture was reached in the experimental group at 84.2% and in the control group at 72.7%. The differences in these parameters were not statistically significant. Fascial disruption was observed in the trial group in 2 patients. The financial costs of the material used was significantly higher in patients with irrigation system (p.

Distribution of estrogens, 17beta-estradiol and estrone, in Canadian municipal wastewater treatment plants.

The distribution of female hormones, 17beta-estradiol and estrone, was determined in effluents of 18 selected municipal treatment plants across Canada. Replicate 24-h composite samples were collected from the influent and final effluent of each treatment plant, and the removal efficiency compared to the operational characteristics of the plants. In conventional activated sludge and lagoon treatment systems, the mean concentrations of 17beta-estradiol and estrone in influent were 15.6 ng/l (range 2.4-26 ng/l) and 49 ng/l (19-78 ng/l). In final effluents, the mean concentrations of both 17beta-estradiol and estrone were reduced to 1.8 ng/l (0.2-14.7 ng/l) and 17 ng/l (1-96 ng/l), respectively. 17beta-estradiol was removed effectively, >75% and as high as 98%, in most of the conventional mechanical treatment systems with secondary treatment. The removal of estrone was much more complex with removal varying from 98% to situations where the concentrations in the effluent were elevated above that detected in the influent. The estrogenicity, measured using a transfected estrogen receptor in yeast (YES) assay, was also variable, ranging from high removal to elevations of estrogenicity in final effluent. Although the apparent removals were not statistically correlated with either hydraulic (HRT) or solid (SRT) retention times, plants or lagoons with high SRT were very effective at reducing the levels of hormones. Well-operated plants that achieved nitrification also tended to have higher removal of hormones than those that did not nitrify. Laboratory aerobic reactor experiments confirmed the rapid removal of 17beta-estradiol, estrone, and estrogenicity when exposed to sewage slurries.

River evaluation using ecotoxicological and microbiological procedures.

One of the many problems researchers and managers face is to try and interpret data collected from various river studies. There is an underlying awareness of the incompleteness of most data bases due to a variety of problems outside of those concerning sample processing.In this study we have attempted, by using the battery of tests approach (12 tests) and the examination of different types of samples such as water, Milli-Q water extracted sediments, and organic solvent extracted sediments, to explore the implication of spacial and temporal sampling programmes.The results obtained were not unexpected: there were spatial and temporal influences, sometimes so great that it would appear that you were examining samples from different parts of the country. However, data arising from solvent extracted sediments were found to be much less influenced by temporal sampling than by spatial variation. Another interesting and important observation was that sediment composition appeared to have no relationship to toxicant content.In this study, the first field application of the Mutatox test (genotoxicity) was carried out and it was found to be a very responsive test in all three types of samples. This test shows great promise as laboratory studies indicate it is sensitive to many of the chemicals which trigger the Ames test.