ABSTRACT
X-ray crystallography is a robust and powerful structural biology technique that provides high-resolution atomic structures of biomacromolecules. Scientists use this technique to unravel mechanistic and structural details of biological macromolecules (e.g., proteins, nucleic acids, protein complexes, protein-nucleic acid complexes, or large biological compartments). Since its inception, single-crystal cryocrystallography has never been performed in Türkiye due to the lack of a single-crystal X-ray diffractometer. The X-ray diffraction facility recently established at the University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Türkiye will enable Turkish and international researchers to easily perform high-resolution structural analysis of biomacromolecules from single crystals. Here, we describe the technical and practical outlook of a state-of-the-art home-source X-ray, using lysozyme as a model protein. The methods and practice described in this article can be applied to any biological sample for structural studies. Therefore, this article will be a valuable practical guide from sample preparation to data analysis.
ABSTRACT
Background: This study aimed to investigate human papillomavirus (HPV) type prevalence in our region and the relationship between uterine cervical HPV types and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)/intraepithelial lesions. Methods: HPV test results were obtained from patient file archives of the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic. Pathology report results were obtained from the digital records of the Pathology Laboratory and the patient file archives of the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic in 2018. Results: The most frequently detected was HPV16 (29.2%), followed by HPV51 (13.1%), HPV56 (11%), HPV31 (9.2%), HPV52 (8.4%), and HPV68 (8.2%). HPV16 was positive in 50% of patients diagnosed with SCC, 54.9% of patients with HSIL, 27% of patients with LSIL, and 25% of cases diagnosed as benign (P<0.001). HPV18 was positive in 25% of patients diagnosed with SCC, 11% of patients with HSIL, 4.7% of patients with LSIL, and 5.2% of cases diagnosed as benign (P=0.019). Conclusion: The most frequent hrHPV genotype was HPV16, followed by HPV51, HPV 56, and HPV 31. There is an increase in the frequency of HPV51 and HPV56. HPV51, not included in HPV vaccines and is the second most frequent, should be included in these vaccines. In addition, although the frequency of HPV18 has decreased, HSIL and SCC generation is still high together with HPV16.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To determine the role of baseline ultrasound findings and the changes between ß- human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) values on day 0 to day 4 in patients receiving single-dose methotrexate (MTX) therapy for tubal ectopic pregnancy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred fourteen patients who were hospitalized with a diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy and treated with single-dose methotrexate were included in this retrospective study. The successful treatment group (n = 88) comprised patients in whom serum ß-hCG levels were resolved with single-dose methotrexate treatment, and the failed treatment group (n = 26) included patients who received second dose methotrexate and/or surgery. Ultrasound findings, laboratory findings, and serum ß-hCG values at the time of admission and D4 and D7 ß-hCG values were compared. RESULTS: The success rate of single-dose methotrexate treatment was 77.2%. In the successful treatment group, the initial ß-hCG values of the patients were lower than the unsuccessful treatment group (1479.14 ± 1253.49, 4442.88 ± 3392.58, respectively) (p = 0.0001). A decrease of more than 35% between D0-D4 increased the probability of successful treatment (p = 0.017). Although ectopic focus size and abdominal free fluid showed no significant difference between the two groups, endometrial stripe thickness was significantly higher in the unsuccessful treatment group (12.61 ± 5.79, 9.28 ± 3.53) (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: In addition to the basal ß-hCG value, endometrial stripe thickness of ultrasound findings should also be considered in determining patients with a high chance of success in single-dose MTX treatment.ß-hCG changes between D0-D4 may be advantageous in the clinical management of ectopic pregnancy for earlier evaluation.
