A Study of Relationships between the HbA1c Level and Inflammatory Markers, Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, and Monocyte-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Controlled and Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) with inflammatory markers, neutrophil-to-lymphocytes ratio (NLR), and monocyte-to-lymphocytes ratio (MLR) in controlled and uncontrolled type 2 diabetes patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted at the Department of Medicine, SMS Hospital, and an attached group of hospitals (Jaipur, Rajasthan, India) after informed consent from the Ethics Committee of the institute. After obtaining informed consent from patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 200 diabetic patients were included in the study using the simple randomization method. Following a detailed history and diagnosis, vital demographic information, and blood tests were collected from patients via a predesigned preliminary questionnaire. The following blood tests were collected: white blood cell (WBC), Hb, hematocrit (HCT), red cell distribution width (RDW), neutrophils, lymphocytes, HbA1c, blood glucose, NLR ratio, and MLR ratio. Data were entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22. RESULTS: The mean age of patients with controlled diabetes mellitus was 54.10 years, while that of patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus was 55.3 years. Glycemic control was more in the age group of 51-60 years. Around 54% of males and 46% of females were included in the present study, and no association was found between the two genders with poor and good glycemic control. Around 63.29% of participants with uncontrolled diabetes have an increased NLR, and 61.39% of participants with uncontrolled diabetes have an increased MLR. A strong association was found between the NLR and MLR with the glycemic control. CONCLUSION: Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus had a positive association with inflammatory markers, that is, NLR and MLR. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder in Asian countries. It leads to many acute and chronic complications in uncontrolled diabetes. Markers like the NLR ratio and MLR ratio are inexpensive and easily available for blood investigation. Hence, these markers are quite useful in differentiating controlled and uncontrolled diabetes and, therefore, useful in predicting blood sugar control in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

To Estimate the Prevalence of Obesity and High Blood Pressure among Undergraduate Students at a University Medical Institution in North India.

Background: Hypertension is a major public health issue in India. Early detection and management of high blood pressure (BP) is crucial, especially among young adults. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of obesity and hypertension among undergraduate medical students. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 450 first year undergraduate medical students aged 18-25 years in S.M.S. Medical and Hospital Jaipur, Rajasthan after clearance from institutional ethics committee and written consent from participants. Anthropometric measurements like height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference and blood pressure were recorded. Hypertension was defined as per JNC VIII guidelines. Data was analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. Results: Overall, 15.56% students were hypertensive and 40.67% were prehypertensive. Hypertension was more prevalent in males (18.83%) compared to females (12.33%) (p = 0.002). Overweight/obesity was present in 29.33% students, more common in males (37.67%) than females (21.15%) (p < 0.001). Obese students had higher rates of prehypertension (47%) and hypertension (28.8%). Abnormal waist-hip ratio and waist-stature ratio were significantly associated with hypertension (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Overweight/obesity and hypertension are highly prevalent among undergraduate medical students, especially males. Unhealthy lifestyles and risk factors need to be addressed to prevent long term morbidity. Routine screening and health promotion activities should be conducted for this high risk group. How to cite this article: Sharda K, Saxena P, Yadav SK, et al. To Estimate the Prevalence of Obesity and High Blood Pressure among Undergraduate Students at a University Medical Institution in North India. J Assoc Physicians India 2023;71(11):30-35.