Expression patterns of inflammatory and oxidative stress-related genes in the uterine and ovarian tissues of dogs diagnosed with pyometra based on cervical patency status.

This study aimed to investigate the expression patterns of genes associated with inflammation and oxidative stress in ovarian and uterine tissues of dogs with pyometra, categorized by cervical status (open cervix or closed cervix), which influences disease severity. The control group comprised healthy animals undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy. Tissue inflammatory gene expression and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined while microbial and histopathological examinations were conducted, along with immunohistochemical evaluations. In the closed-cervix group, uterine TNF and IL6 were upregulated approximately 10-fold while IL10 was upregulated nearly 5-fold. TNF expression differed remarkably between the pyometra groups. In the closed-cervix group, PTGS2 and HMOX1 were upregulated approximately 5-fold whereas NFE2L2 expression was downregulated. The closed-cervix group also had the highest uterine MDA levels. Regarding ovarian tissue, MDA levels were higher in the closed-cervix group than in the open-cervix group while IL10 expression was lower in the closed-cervix group than the open-cervix group. In the closed-cervix group, NFE2L2 was downregulated whereas HMOX1 was upregulated. Uterine TNF levels were positively correlated with IL6, IL10, PTGS2, and HMOX1, but negatively correlated with NFE2L2. IL6 was positively correlated with IL10, PTGS2, and HMOX1. NFE2L2 was negatively correlated with IL6 and HMOX1. IL10 was positively correlated with PTGS2 and HMOX1. MDA was positively correlated with TNF, IL6, IL10, PTGS2, NFE2L2, and HMOX1. TNF levels were positively correlated with ovarian PTGS2, and with IL6 and NFE2L2. MDA was positively correlated with PTGS2 and HMOX1. MDA could be an important biomarker for understanding the severity of pyometra. Moreover, TNF expression and its relationships with various studied parameters such as IL10 may contribute to treatment and prognostic biomarker studies in closed-cervix pyometra pathology.

The effects of the feeding duration of propylene glycol on major meat quality parameters and substantial proteins in the muscle of Akkaraman lambs.

In this study, the effects of propylene glycol (PG) on meat quality and molecular pathways related to energy metabolism in longissimus lumborum muscle on lambs were evaluated. Seventy-two lambs were divided into three groups consisting of 60th, 90th, and 120th of slaughter days. The dosage of the PG and slaughter days were the variables used in the study. Eight animals were slaughtered from each group on each day. The meat quality parameters (e.g., pH, protein, fatty acid profile) and IGF-1, IGFBP4, and DGAT1 (i.e., mRNA and protein levels) were evaluated. The pH 45 min post-slaughter was higher in PG groups on 120th day. On the 4th day after slaughter, the b value was the lowest in the PG3, while 7th day after slaughter it was highest in Con and PG3 on 90th day. The total n3 and n6 were lowest and the NV was highest on 120th day. The IGFBP4 was upregulated in the PG groups on all of the slaughter days. The DGAT1 was upregulated in the PG3 on the 90th day. The IGF-1, DGAT1, IGFBP4 protein levels were found to have increased in the PG3 on 90th day. The IGFBP4 was found to have decreased in the PG3 on 120th day. According to the results of the study, the oral administration of the PG at the 3 mL/kg live weight0.75 for at least 120 days may have positive effects on meat quality in lambs through the IGF-1, DGAT1, and IGFBP4 genes and the proteins encoded by these genes.

Considering potential roles of selected MicroRNAs in evaluating subclinical mastitis and Milk quality in California mastitis test (+) and infected bovine milk.

This study investigates the relationships between subclinical mastitis and milk quality with selected microRNAs in cow milk. California Mastitis Test (CMT)-positive (n = 20) and negative (n = 20) samples were compared (Experiment I). Additionally, samples with CMT-positive but microbiological-negative, as well as positive for only Staphylococcus subspecies (Staph spp.) and only Streptococcus subspecies (Strep spp.) were examined (Experiment II). Four groups were formed in Experiment II: Group I (CMT and microbiological-negative) (n = 20), Group II (CMT-positive but microbiological-negative) (n = 10), Group III (Staph spp.) (n = 5), Group IV (Strep spp.) (n = 5). While electrical conductivity, somatic cell count (SCC), malondialdehyde (MDA) increased, miR-27a-3p and miR-223 upregulated and miR-125b downregulated in the CMT-positive group in Experiment I. SCC and MDA were higher in CMT-positive groups. miR-27a-3p and miR-223 upregulated in Groups III and IV. While miR-155 is upregulated, miR-125b downregulated in Group IV. Milk fat is positively correlated with miR-148a and miR-223. As miR-27a-3p positively correlated with SCC and MDA, miR-125b negatively correlated with electrical conductivity and SCC. miR-148a and MDA were positively correlated. miR-155 was correlated with fat-free dry matter, protein, lactose, and freezing point. miR-223 was positively correlated with SCC and miR-148a. Results particularly highlight miR-27a-3p and miR-223 as potential biomarkers in subclinical mastitis, especially those caused by Staph spp. and Strep spp., while miR-148a, miR-155, and miR-223 stand out in determining milk quality.

Effects of propylene glycol used at different doses in Akkaraman lambs rations on metabolism-related parameters and liver gene and protein expression during different feeding periods.

This study aimed to investigate the metabolic effects of propylene glycol (PG) over 60, 90, and 120 days in lambs. Seventy-two weaned male lambs were allocated into three groups: control (Con), PG1.5 (1.5 mL/kg live weight0.75 ), and PG3 (3 mL/kg live weight0.75 ). Blood samples were collected at the beginning and slaughter days. Biochemical parameters (glucose, triglycerides, ALT, AST, LDH, BUN, and insulin) and gene and protein levels of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), diacylglycerol o-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), carbohydrate responsive element binding protein (ChREBP), and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (SREBP-1c) in the liver were determined. Glucose in PG1.5 was increased on Day 60, while significant differences were observed in biochemical parameters except for insulin on the 60, 90, and 120 days. Biochemical parameters such as ALT, AST, LDH, and BUN increased over time, while triglycerides decreased. DGAT1 gene and protein levels were lower, while SREBP-1c and PPARγ were higher in PG groups on Day 60. While SREBP-1c was lower in PG1.5, ChREBP was higher in PG3 on Day 90. PPARγ, DGAT1, and ChREBP were upregulated in PG3 on Day 120. Positive correlations were found between proteins. The long-term use of PG in lambs did not have detrimental effects on metabolism. The study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the metabolic effects of PG in lambs, shedding light on its potential applications in lamb production.