Patients with preexisting cardiovascular disease or those at high risk for developing the condition are often offered exercise as a form of therapy. Patients with cancer who are at an increased risk for cardiovascular issues are increasingly encouraged to participate in exercise-based, interdisciplinary programs due to the positive correlation between these interventions and clinical outcomes following myocardial infarction. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC) is a cardiac disorder that arises due to disruptions in the homeostasis of individuals with diabetes. One of the primary reasons for mortality in individuals with diabetes is the presence of cardiac structural damage and functional abnormalities, which are the primary pathological features of DC. The aetiology of dilated cardiomyopathy is multifaceted and encompasses a range of processes, including metabolic abnormalities, impaired mitochondrial function, dysregulation of calcium ion homeostasis, excessive cardiomyocyte death, and fibrosis. In recent years, many empirical investigations have demonstrated that exercise training substantially impacts the prevention and management of diabetes. Exercise has been found to positively impact the recovery of diabetes and improve several metabolic problem characteristics associated with DC. One potential benefit of exercise is its ability to increase systolic activity, which can enhance cardiometabolic and facilitate the repair of structural damage to the heart caused by DC, leading to a direct improvement in cardiac health. In contrast, exercise has the potential to indirectly mitigate the pathological progression of DC through its ability to decrease circulating levels of sugar and fat while concurrently enhancing insulin sensitivity. A more comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanism via exercise facilitates the restoration of DC disease must be understood. Our goal in this review was to provide helpful information and clues for developing new therapeutic techniques for motion alleviation DC by examining the molecular mechanisms involved.
Diabetes Mellitus , Diabetic Cardiomyopathies , Myocardial Infarction , Humans , Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/etiology , Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/prevention & control , Exercise
Background: This research endeavors to examine the potential effects of human and societal interactions on individuals' post-traumatic growth in the aftermath of the Corona outbreak. To achieve the aforementioned objective, the current research investigates the correlations between post-traumatic growth and group identity, while also examining the potential mediating function of social-emotional competence. Methods: A cross-sectional design included a representative sample of 2,637 high school students located in the capital territory of Pakistan using convenience sampling method. To explore the associations, correlation and mediation analyzes utilizing the group identification scale, the social-emotional competence scale, and the post-traumatic growth scale was performed with SPSS PROCESS 4 macro and AMOS. Results: The findings demonstrated that group identification emerged as a substantial predictor substantially associated with post-traumatic growth. Moreover, the relationship linking group identification and post-traumatic growth was found to be partially moderated by social-emotional competence. Conclusion: The phenomenon of group identification can exert influence on post-traumatic growth through both direct and mediating pathways, with the latter being essentially mediated by social-emotional competence. The aforementioned outcomes possess significant academic and practical implications concerning the promotion of post-traumatic growth and the improvement of psychological well-being after the Corona outbreak.
Posttraumatic Growth, Psychological , Humans , Cross-Sectional Studies , Emotions , Pakistan/epidemiology
Background: Since February 2022, the nation of Ukraine has become entangled in an escalating conflict that erupted after coronavirus outbreak fostering a situation of indeterminacy and precariousness, which adversely affected several facets, especially psychological well-being. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence on the psychological well-being of Ukrainians during the Russo-Ukraine war, as well as their coping strategies in response to the war's repercussions. Consequently, this investigation endeavors to explore the prevalence of symptoms associated with depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia and to correlate these symptoms with Ukrainians' effective coping mechanisms during the ongoing war. Methods: An online survey was administered in Ukraine from June to August 2022 due to the ongoing Russo-Ukraine conflict. The survey employed a quota sampling technique, targeting 2,664 individuals (≥18 years). Out of the total sample, 1,833 valid responses were obtained, yielding a response rate of 68. 81%. Depression, anxiety, and stress were measured using the depression, anxiety, and stress scale-21 (DASS-21), while the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) was utilized to evaluate insomnia symptoms. In addition, Brief-COPE was adopted to evaluate the coping mechanisms of the selected study participants. Results: Of 1,833 Ukrainian adults, 60.5% had symptoms of stress; 62.4% of them reported symptoms of anxiety; and 58.2% reported symptoms of depression. Symptom criteria for insomnia were found in about 21.8% of the study sample. The factors of sex, living area, area occupied by Russian forces, and having older adults and children in the house were statistically significant with symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia. The productive coping strategies of self-distraction, using instrumental support, planning, and behavioral disengagement, were observed as statistically significant with four psychological constructs. Conclusion: The study outcomes highlight a substantial prevalence of symptoms related to depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia attributed to the accumulated consequences of ongoing conflict and the COVID-19 outbreak. The aforementioned findings emphasize the imperative of providing healthcare services and facilitating effective coping strategies among Ukrainians amid the ongoing war.
COVID-19 , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders , Child , Humans , Aged , COVID-19/epidemiology , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/epidemiology , Ukraine/epidemiology , Anxiety/epidemiology , Anxiety/psychology , Adaptation, Psychological
Optimizing the pigment volume concentration of zinc phosphate pigments can protect Al alloy 6101 from alkaline media. Additionally, zinc phosphate pigments form a shielding film on the substrate and facilitate stopping the penetration of aggressive corrosion ions. The efficiency of eco-friendly zinc phosphate pigments is almost 98% during the corrosion analysis. A comparative study of physical aging of neat epoxy and Zinc Phosphate (ZP) pigment-modified epoxy coatings on Al alloy 6101 was conducted in Xi'an, China, for one year in all four seasons, where in summer for 3 months, results degraded more due to high UV radiation and humidity; it is found that peeling force of ZP pigments modified epoxy coatings is 50% higher of than that of the neat epoxy coatings though both peel-off adhesion strength and scratch test visibility decreased in both coatings; The electrochemical resistance of ZP pigments modified epoxy coatings is about 30% higher of than that of neat epoxy coatings, the corrosion rate of ZP pigments modified epoxy coatings is about 70% lower of than that of neat epoxy coatings, moreover the gloss retention is 20% higher in the modified epoxy; Optical surface observation of the coatings showed that the ZP modified epoxy coating could effectively restrict the crack and shrinkage in coatings after aging experimentation in the natural environment.
Developing high-performance biocathodes remain one of the most challenging aspects of the microbial electrosynthesis (MES) system and the primary factor limiting its output. Herein, a hollow porous carbon (PC) fabricated with MXenes coated over an electrode was developed for MES systems to facilitate the direct delivery of CO2 to microorganisms colonized. The result highlighted that MXene@PC (Ti3C2Tx@PC) has a surface area of 434 m2/g. The Ti3C2Tx@PC MES cycle shows that in cycle 4 and cycle 5, the values are -309.2 and -352.3. Cyclic voltammetry showed that the coated electrode current response (mA) increased from -4.5 to -20.2. The substantial redox peaks of Ti3C2Tx@PC biofilms are displayed at -741, -516, and -427 mV vs Ag/AgCl, suggesting an enhanced electron transfer owing to the Ti3C2Tx@PC complex coating. Additionally, more active sites enhanced mass transfer and microbial development, resulting in a 46% rise in butyrate compared to the uncoated control. These findings demonstrate the value of PC modification as a method for MES-based product selection.
Chromium-free materials as eco-friendly coatings with higher corrosion resistance are crucial in various industrial processes. Herein, we report the deposition of cerium-based conversion, a chromium-free, eco-friendly chemical conversion coating for aluminum alloy 6101, by the dip coating method. Immersion in cerium salt precursors assisted with hydrogen peroxide was performed for the deposition of cerium-based conversion coatings on aluminum alloy 6101 at different bathing temperatures. The electrochemical corrosion behavior was assessed in an alkaline solution of sodium hydroxide (pH 11), including mass loss measurements, free corrosion risk, polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction and photoelectron spectroscopy analysis showed that the coatings were composed of Ce (III) and Ce (IV) oxides. Surface modifications and surface degradation of the coating and substrate after immersion in corrosive media were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, energy dispersive scanning analysis demonstrated the elemental composition before and after corrosion of the cerium salt conversion-based coating. The results demonstrated that selectively deposited cerium-based conversion coatings improved the corrosion resistance by up to 96% in a strong corrosive alkaline media.
The construction projects and activities generate waste materials, which impose negative impacts on the environment and contribute towards environmental degradation. In this regard, the implementation of environmental practices (EPs) can play a vital role in reducing the environmental risks associated with waste materials from construction projects. Based on this hypothesis, the present survey study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of different EPs in reducing environmental risks associated with waste materials from construction firms (n = 159) operating in Pakistan. Organizational and government support, regulatory pressure, and economic and environmental performance were among the main determinants of EPs studied in the present study. The partial least squares technique was used for the data collection, assessment, and prediction of the results based on the hypothesis testing for a range of determinants. Compose reliability analysis of determinants showed that all items gave a value of 0.7, which is a clear indication of the reliability of each determinant in the formation of the hypothesis. From all eight hypotheses, H1 (0.475), H4 (0.217), H6 (0.114), H7 (0.210), and H8 (0.149) hypotheses with size effect in parentheses were acceptable due to their positive construction with EPs, while H2, H3, and H5 hypothesis did not show the significant effect with size effect values lower than 0.1. The study demonstrated that current environmental regulations and governing bodies in Pakistan are not sufficiently effective and strict to implement environmental regulations. In this regard, regulatory pressure is necessary to promote EPs along with increasing stakeholders' awareness. Overall, the implementation of EPs not only prepares construction firms to deal with the pressure exerted by regulations and customers but also enhances the environmental and economic performance of construction firms.
Construction Industry , Waste Management , Construction Materials , Pakistan , Reproducibility of Results , Surveys and Questionnaires
The sustainable development of collection and delivery points and urban street network is an important consideration of logistic planners. Urban street networks have a significant impact on collection and delivery points' location, but the spatial relationship between the centrality of urban street network and collection and delivery points has not been studied using spatial design network analysis. In a multiple centrality assessment model, we used point of interest and street network data to evaluate the location of two types of collection and delivery points and the centrality of streets in Nanjing city, based on four indicators: closeness, betweenness, severance, and efficiency. Then, kernel density estimation and spatial autocorrelation are used to study spatial patterns of distribution and centrality coupling effects of urban street network and collection and delivery points. The results show that the centrality of Nanjing streets has a big influence on the location of the collection and delivery points, and the directions of different types of centrality also vary. The location of the Cainiao Stations are largely related to closeness, followed by betweenness, severance, and efficiency. China Post Stations and street centrality have a weak correlation between efficiency and severance, but no correlation between closeness and betweenness. Our results can help logistics enterprises and urban planners to develop collection and delivery points' network based on the urban street network.
City Planning , Urban Renewal , China , Cities/statistics & numerical data , City Planning/methods , Humans , Spatial Analysis , Transportation/statistics & numerical data , Urban Renewal/statistics & numerical data
