ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most commonly prescribed medications, but their use can be associated with a number of adverse reactions, including upper gastrointestinal lesions. The aim of the study was to identify clinical and pharmacogenetic factors associated with upper gastrointestinal lesions, including those linked to NSAIDs, in patients at a multidisciplinary hospital. METHODS: The study included 92 patients (mean age 59.4±16.5 years; 47 women), who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy during inpatient treatment. Patients' intake of NSAIDs and gastroprotectors during the year before hospitalization was considered. Demographic, clinical, laboratory data of patients were compared between groups, including genotyping for CYP2C9*2 rs179985, CYP2C9*3 rs1057910, CYP2C8*3 rs11572080, CYP2C8*3 rs10509681, PTGS-1 rs10306135, PTGS-1 rs12353214, and PTGS-2 rs20417 using real-time PCR. RESULTS: In NSAIDs+ patients, PTGS1 rs10306135 AT+TT genotypes increased the chance of developing gastrointestinal complications by 5.4 times (95â¯% CI=1.30-22.27). In total sample, smoking (OR=3.12, 95â¯% CI=1.15-8.46), and alcohol intake (OR=4.09, 95â¯% CI=1.05-15.87) increased odds of gastrointestinal damage. In NSAIDs+ patients omeprazole, famotidine and both famotidine and omeprazole during the last year were as ineffective as not taking gastroprotectors; in total sample famotidine (OR=0.19, 95â¯% CI=0.04-0.93) and two gastroprotectors (OR=0.13, 95â¯% CI=0.02-0.75) reduced the chance of upper gastrointestinal lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacogenetic features of patients may significantly contribute to the development NSAIDs-induced upper gastrointestinal injuries.