2,4-Disubstituted pyridine derivatives are effective against intracellular and biofilm-forming tubercle bacilli.

It was recently reported that 4-substituted picolinohydrazonamides carrying hydrophilic cyclic amines, such as morpholine and pyrrolidine, at the end of their thiosemicarbazide chain have potent antimycobacterial activity in vitro at concentrations below 1 µg/ml. Here, two selected compounds, 2,4-disubstituted pyridine derivatives 11 and 15, revealed significant bactericidal activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis localized intracellularly within human macrophages, as well as against biofilm-forming tubercle bacilli. Mutants were selected that were resistant to the investigated compounds at an efficiency similar to that identified in the presence of the first line antituberculosis drug rifampicin. The resistant mutants were viable in the presence of the tested compounds exclusively on solid media. Genome-wide sequencing of the mutants selected in the presence of compound 11 revealed the accumulation of nonsynonymous mutations in the mmpR5 gene encoding a transcriptional repressor of the MmpS5-MmpL5 efflux pump, whose upregulation has been associated with bedaquiline resistance. The depletion of MmpR5 in wild-type M. tuberculosis using CRISPR-Cas9 technology increased the resistance of this strain to compound 11. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics (LC-MS/MS) of wild-type tubercle bacilli growing in subinhibitory concentrations of compounds 11 or 15 revealed 15 overproduced proteins not detectable in the control cells, including virulence-related proteins.

BioSCOOP - Biobank Sample Communication Protocol. New approach for the transfer of information between biobanks.

Dynamic development of biobanking industry (both business and science) resulted in an increased number of IT systems for samples and data management. The most difficult and complicated case for the biobanking community was cooperation between institutions, equipped with different IT systems, in the field of scientific research, mainly data interchange and information flow. Tools available on the market relate mainly to the biobank or collection level. Efficient and universal protocols including the detailed information about the donor and the sample are still very limited. Here, we have developed BioSCOOP, a communication protocol in the form of a well documented JSON API. The main aim of this study was to harmonize and standardize the rules of communication between biobanks on the level of information about the donor together with information about the sample. The purpose was to create a communication protocol for two applications: to transfer the information between different biobanks and to allow the searching and presentation of the sample and data sets.

On-body inertial sensing and signal processing for clinical assessment of tremor.

Tremor, the most common form of movement disorder, is an often debilitating condition that adversely affects an individual's ability to maintain functional independence. Efforts to study, diagnose, and treat such movement disorders are complicated by a dearth of quantitative, precise, or accurate methods for motion data collection and assessment. To address this deficiency, this paper provides two contributions: 1) the design of a body-area inertial sensing system and 2) the evaluation of postcapture, on-body signal-processing algorithms that transform sensed inertial data into clinically significant information pertaining to tremor symmetry. For the former, we present our technology that meets requirements for wearability, fidelity, battery life, and interoperability. For the latter, we demonstrate the efficacy of using filter-bank analysis and cross correlation to interpret tremor frequency and energy. We extend the previous work by presenting a wireless body-area inertial sensing technology and a method to reduce, by up to 30 times, the computational demands of cross correlation on such a resource-constrained technology. These efforts lay the foundation for real-time, on-body assessment of tremor as well as more intelligent and energy-efficient data transmission and storage decisions.

Sports hernias: a systematic literature review.

This review summarises the existing knowledge about pathogenesis, differential diagnosis, conservative treatment, surgery and post-surgical rehabilitation of sports hernias. Sports hernias occur more often in men, usually during athletic activities that involve cutting, pivoting, kicking and sharp turns, such as those that occur during soccer, ice hockey or football. Sports hernias generally present an insidious onset, but with focused questioning a specific inciting incident may be identified. The likely causative factor is posterior inguinal wall weakening from excessive or high repetition shear forces applied through the pelvic attachments of poorly balanced hip adductor and abdominal muscle activation. There is currently no consensus as to what specifically constitutes this diagnosis. As it can be difficult to make a definitive diagnosis based on conventional physical examination, other methods, such as MRI and diagnostic ultrasonography are often used, primarily to exclude other conditions. Surgery seems to be more effective than conservative treatment, and laparoscopic techniques generally enable a quicker recovery time than open repair. However, in addition to better descriptions of surgical anatomy and procedures and conservative and post-surgical rehabilitation, well-designed research studies are needed, which include more detailed serial patient outcome measurements in addition to basing success solely on return to sports activity timing. Only with this information will we better understand sports hernia pathogenesis, verify superior surgical approaches, develop evidence-based screening and prevention strategies, and more effectively direct both conservative and post-surgical rehabilitation.

Observation of a narrow charm-strange meson D(+)(sJ)(2632)-->D(+)(s)eta and D(0)K(+).

We report the first observation of a charm-strange meson D(+)(sJ)(2632) at a mass of 2632.5+/-1.7 MeV/c(2) in data from SELEX, the charm hadro-production experiment E781 at Fermilab. This state is seen in two decay modes, D(+)(s)eta and D0K+. In the D(+)(s)eta decay mode we observe a peak with 101 events over a combinatoric background of 54.9 events at a mass of 2635.4+/-3.3 MeV/c(2). There is a corresponding peak of 21 events over a background of 6.9 at 2631.5+/-2.0 MeV/c(2) in the decay mode D0K+. The decay width of this state is <17 MeV/c(2) at 90% confidence level. The relative branching ratio Gamma(D0K+)/Gamma(D(+)(s)eta) is 0.14+/-0.06. The mechanism that keeps this state narrow is unclear. Its decay pattern is also unusual, being dominated by the D(+)(s)eta decay mode.

First observation of the doubly charmed baryon Xi(+)(cc).

We observe a signal for the doubly charmed baryon Xi(+)(cc) in the charged decay mode Xi(+)(cc)-->Lambda(+)(c)K-pi(+) in data from SELEX, the charm hadroproduction experiment at Fermilab. We observe an excess of 15.9 events over an expected background of 6.1+/-0.5 events, a statistical significance of 6.3sigma. The observed mass of this state is 3519+/-1 MeV/c(2). The Gaussian mass width of this state is 3 MeV/c(2), consistent with resolution; its lifetime is less than 33 fs at 90% confidence.

Precision measurements of the lambda(+)(c) and D0 lifetimes.

We report new precision measurements of the lifetimes of the Lambda(+)(c) and D0 from SELEX, the charm hadroproduction experiment at Fermilab. Based upon 1630 Lambda(+)(c) and 10 210 D0 decays we observe lifetimes of tau[Lambda(+)(c)] = 198.1+/-7.0+/-5.6 fs and tau[D0] = 407.9+/-6.0+/-4.3 fs.

[Congenital anomalies in the material of City Hospital in Bydgoszcz during the period of 1995-1999]. / Analiza wad rozwojowych noworodków w materiale Szpitala Miejskiego w Bydgoszczy w latach 1995-1999.

OBJECTIVE: The analysis occurrence of developmental defects of newborns in the City Hospital in Bydgoszcz during the period 1995-1999. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Over the period of 5 years, 14,943 newborns delivered in City Hospital in Bydgoszcz. The group of 358 (2.40%) with developmental anomalies was analysed retrospectively. The subject of the study was to estimate the types of malformations and their frequency. RESULTS: In our material cardiovascular anomalies (29.05%), reproductive system anomalies (20.11%) and muscosceletal anomalies (18.72%) were most frequent. Breech-presented or transverse lie fetuses had double the risk of any anomalies. In addition, pre-term delivery were not positively associated with any newborn defects. The frequency of occurrence cesarean sections was positively correlated with presence of congenital malformations.

[Changes in the methods of cesarean section]. / Zmiany w technice operacji ciecia cesarskiego.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of leaving the visceral peritoneum open and hysterotomy closing by a one-layer continuous locked. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The analysis of 868 women underwent caesarean section had been performed. All operated patients were divided into three compared groups. 268 women operated between 01.05.96 and 31.01.97, belonged into I group, which had the visceral peritoneum sutured during caesarean section, in comparison to the II group operated between 01.05.97-31.01.98 (n = 280), which had only one modification in surgical procedure--the visceral peritoneum was left unsutured and to the group operated between 01.05.98-31.01.99 (n = 320) with second modification--the hysterotomy was closed by a one-layer continuous locked. RESULTS: The average operating time was significantly shorter at group II and III. After surgery we have not observed significant differences in frequency of febrile morbidity (6.34% in I group, 8.93% in second group and 8.44% in third group) and postoperative complications (respectively 9.33; 11.07 and 10.63%). CONCLUSIONS: Non-closure of the visceral peritoneum and closure of the hysterotomy by a one-layer continuous locked has no influence on the number of the post surgical complications. Modifications method of cesarean section showed significantly decreased operative time and chirurgical materials use.

[Intestinal parasites in four Warsaw kindergarten children in 1994-1996]. / Wystepowanie pasozytów jelitowych u dzieci w czterech przedszkolach warszawskich w latach 1994-1996.

In 1994/96 there were examined 588 children attending four Warsaw's kindergartens. Investigations were made by means of a standard coprological methods and by ELISA method for the presence of coproantigens of Giardia. The extensiveness of the infection was about 12.5%. It seems that now only oxyuriosis is the most important epidemiological problem among these children. The complexity of diagnosis and treatment of infected children and some health's education may improve their health and prevent the spreading of invasion.