Surgical Management of Severe Mandibular Actinomycosis: Segmental Mandibulectomy and Fibula Free Flap for Optimal Outcomes.

Actinomycosis is a chronic, suppurative, granulomatous bacterial infection primarily associated with Actinomyces israelii. The condition can be categorized into three distinct clinical types based on the affected anatomical region: cervicofacial, pulmonary, or abdominopelvic actinomycosis. The standard treatment for actinomycosis involves antibiotic therapy, with an empiric penicillin regimen as the first-line approach. Surgical interventions comprise curettage of the affected bone, resection of necrotic tissues, excision of existing sinus tracts, and drainage of abscesses. These procedures are considered a last resort for cases of actinomycosis unresponsive to antibiotic therapy. In this context, we present a case of severely unresponsive actinomycosis that necessitated aggressive surgical resection of the infected mandibular bone, followed by immediate reconstruction using a fibula-free flap. The outcome yielded both favorable functional and aesthetic results.

Rare Oral Crohn's Disease: A Case Report.

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory granulomatous and chronic disease characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal mucosa with extra-intestinal manifestations. Oral lesions seem to occur as specific lesions like lip swelling, cobblestone or tag lesions, or nonspecific lesions like ulcers. The present case report describes an orofacial Crohn's disease case, a rare presentation of Crohn's disease, managed with infliximab. Oral Crohn's disease refers to the spread of manifestations of Crohn's disease and could precede other signs. Physicians have to be aware of oral mucosal changes. The treatment options are based on the use of corticosteroids, immune-modulators and biologics. The best plan and therapy to control oral Crohn's disease requires early and precise diagnosis.

From the first to the fourth critical period of COVID-19: what has changed in nursing practice environments in hospital settings?

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic reinforced the need to invest in nursing practice environments and health institutions were led to implement several changes. In this sense, this study aimed to analyze the impact of the changes that occurred in nursing practice  environments between the first and fourth critical periods of the pandemic. METHODS: Quantitative, observational study, conducted in a University Hospital, with the participation of 713 registered nurses. Data were collected through a questionnaire with sociodemographic and professional characterization and the Scale for the Environments Evaluation of Professional Nursing Practice, applied at two different points in time: from 1 to 30 June 2020 and from 15 August to 15 September 2021. Data were processed using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS: Overall, the pandemic had a positive impact on nursing practice environments. However, the Process component remained favourable to quality of care, while the Structure and Outcome components only moderately favourable. Nurses working in Medicine Department services showed lower scores in several dimensions of the Structure, Process and Outcome components. On the other hand, nurses working in areas caring for patients with COVID-19 showed higher scores in several dimensions of the Structure, Process and Outcome components. CONCLUSIONS: The pandemic had a positive impact on various dimensions of nursing practice environments, which denotes that regardless of the adversities and moments of crisis that may arise, investment in work environments will have positive repercussions. However, more investment is needed in Medicine Department services, which have historically been characterised by high workloads and structural conditions that make it difficult to promote positive and sustainable workplaces.

Antithrombotic potential of Lippia alba: A mechanistic approach.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br. ex Britton & P. Wilson is traditionally used in Brazil as an adjunct in the relief of mild anxiety, as an antispasmodic, and as an antidyspeptic. This medicinal species was included in the Phytotherapeutic Form of the Brazilian Pharmacopeia 2nd edition (2021) and has already been described as the most used medicinal plant in a study with patients from an Anticoagulation Clinic in Brazil. Meanwhile, no studies were found that support the safety of the use of L. alba in patients using anticoagulants, a drug with several safety limitations. AIM OF THE STUDY: Provide scientific evidence to ensure the safety of the concomitant use of L. alba and warfarin and support the management of these patients by evaluating its in vitro anticoagulant effect and chemical composition. And, as a timely complementation, evaluate the potential of this medicinal species in the development of new antithrombotics. METHODS: The chemical profile of L. alba derivatives was analyzed by chromatographic methods such as Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), qualitative UPLC using Diode-Array Detection, and Thin Layer Chromatography. The anticoagulant activity was evaluated by the innovative Thrombin Generation Assay by Calibrated Automated Thrombogram method and using traditional coagulometric tests: prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and plasma fibrinogen measurement. RESULTS: Extracts and fractions prolonged the coagulation time in all the tests and reduced thrombin formation in thrombin generation assay. Coagulation times with the addition of ethanloic extract (2.26 mg/mL) was 17.78s, 46.43s and 14.25s respectively in prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and fibrinogren plasma measurement. In thrombin generation test, this same extract showed ETP as 323 nM/min compared to control (815 nM/min) with high tissue factor and 582 nM/min compared to control (1147 nM/min) using low tissue factor. Presence of flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, and triterpenes were confirmed by chromatographic methods and 13 compounds were identified by UPLC-ESI-MS. Based on these results and on the scientific literature, it is possible to propose that phenylpropanoids and flavonoids are related to the anticoagulant activity observed. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate the in vitro anticoagulant activity of L. alba, probably due to the activation of intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. It is concluded, then, that there is a potential for interaction, which needs to be further studied, between L. alba and warfarin. Also, this medicinal species shows a great potential for use in the development of new antithrombotics.

Microemulsions Improve Topical Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) Delivery for Photodynamic Therapy of Skin Cancer

Abstract We report here microemulsions (MEs) for topical delivery of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) for Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) of skin cancers. Selected MEs consisting of Oil/Water (O/W) bicontinuous (BC) and Water/Oil (W/O) preparations were characterized as to pH, nanometric size, zeta potential, drug content, and viscosity. Sustained in vitro PpIX release was achieved from MEs 2A (O/W), 10B (BC) and 16B (W/O) through an artificial membrane for up to 24 h, characterizing MEs as drug delivery systems. None of these MEs showed permeation through the skin, demonstrating the required topical effect. After 4 h, in vitro retention of PpIX in the stratum corneum (SC) was higher from both ME 10B and control (PpIX at 60 µg/mL in PEG 300). However, in the Epidermis + Dermis ([Ep + D]), retention from ME 10B and ME 16B was ~40 times higher compared to control. Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) showed higher fluorescence intensity in the SC for both control and ME 10B, whereas ME 10B fluorescence was higher in [Ep+D]. The results indicate that ME 10B is suitable for PpIX encapsulation, showing good characteristics and a localized effect for a potential delivery system for PDT-associated treatments of skin cancers.

Anticoagulant and antiplatelet activity of aqueous extracts of Citrus sinensis and Lippia alba : interactions and potential for the development of antithrombotics.

Citrus sinensis and Lippia alba are herbal medicines widely used in the form of tea (infusion, decoction), which ethanolic extracts have already shown great anticoagulant activity in vitro . For this reason, they seem to be excellent candidates for the development of new antithrombotics and also have the potential to interact with them. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of aqueous extracts in blood coagulation and platelet aggregation, in addition to analysing the micromolecular composition of these species. Thrombin generation test (TGT) by the Calibrated Automated Thrombogram method and Platelet Aggregation Test by turbidimetry were performed to evaluate the biological activities, while the chemical composition was qualitatively evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography. Aqueous extracts were elaborated according to the folk use. All extracts were effective in reducing thrombin formation in TGT. Infusion of L. alba and infusion and decoction of C. sinensis at a concentration of 0.6 mg/ml significantly reduced platelet aggregation induced by ADP, and only the decoction of L. alba at the same concentration was able to significantly reduce collagen-induced platelet aggregation. The presence of phenylpropanoids and flavonoids in C. sinensis and L. alba extracts was verified. Furthermore, hesperidin was identified in C. sinensis through coinjection. C. sinensis and L. alba are rich in phenolics and demonstrated an in-vitro effect on important processes of haemostasis (blood coagulation, platelet agreggation), corroborating the potential of C. sinensis and L. alba for the development of antithrombotics and interact with them.

A Case Report of a Sclerotic Fibroma of the Oral Mucosa.

Sclerotic fibroma, also known as storiform collagenoma, is a rare benign tumor that grows on the skin, but it can also appear, less frequently, in the oral mucosa. It can present as part of Cowden syndrome manifestation, especially when multiple lesions are encountered, but it may also appear as a solitary, sporadic lesion in healthy individuals. We describe a patient, diagnosed with Cowden syndrome, who presented with a sclerotic fibroma in the oral mucosa, which is a very uncommon manifestation of Cowden syndrome.

Comparison of Climacteric Symptoms, Quality of Life, and Self-Care Attitudes before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare the climacteric symptoms, quality of life indices, and self-care attitudes in women before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2020 and September 2021. The sample consisted of 342 climacteric women who were divided into two groups: before the pandemic (BP group; n = 62) and during the pandemic (DP group; n = 280). The Menopause Rating Scale and Women's Health Questionnaire were used to measure the health-related quality of life and degree of climacteric symptoms reported by women. RESULTS: During the COVID-19 pandemic, women were able to decrease their somatic symptoms derived from the climacteric period (BP group: 7.84 ± 4.46, DP group: 5.94 ± 9.20; P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: There was no worsening in the self-reported symptoms, quality of life, and self-care attitudes of climacteric women because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, only somatic symptoms decreased during the pandemic.

Feasibility for Using Thermography Throughout an Exercise Program in Mastectomized Patients.

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common in the female population. Physical training is safe and indicated after surgical treatment for breast cancer. During exercise, body temperature changes due to tissue metabolic activity; in this sense, infrared thermography is used to map the thermal patterns of the body surface. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using thermography during a physical rehabilitation program in mastectomized patients by analyzing the change in body temperature caused by physical exercise in the breast region. Methodology: This is a simple and covert clinical trial, in which the sample was constituted for convenience. The women were submitted to a supervised physical exercise protocol, three times a week, for 20 sessions. They were evaluated in the first, tenth, and twentieth sessions in relation to changes in body temperature in the breast region (infrared thermography). Results: Twenty patients who underwent mastectomy surgery were recruited. No patient had drain infection, scar dehiscence, or lymphedema, and only one patient had seroma removed. The mean age was 50.45 ± 2.00 years, and the body mass index (BMI) was 28.95 ± 1.11 kg/m2. In the body thermography of the patients' breast region, no significant difference was observed when comparing the thermograms of the plastron region of the patients in the first, tenth, and twentieth sessions (p = 0.201). However, when comparing the plastron region with the control breast, a reduction in temperature was observed in the operated region in the first (p = 0.012) and tenth sessions (p = 0.004). Conclusion: Through this study, we can conclude that the use of infrared thermography is viable for the analysis of the body temperature of mastectomized patients during a supervised physical exercise protocol and, therefore, suggest that this instrument is increasingly used in the cancer public.

Impact of COVID-19 on professional nursing practice environments and patient safety culture.

AIM: To analyse the impact of COVID-19 on professional nursing practice environments and patient safety culture. BACKGROUND: The relationship between work environments and patient safety has been internationally recognized. In 2020, the pandemic imposed enormous challenges, yet the impact on these variables remains unknown. METHOD: This is a quantitative observational study, conducted in a Portuguese hospital, with 403 registered nurses. A self-completion questionnaire was used. RESULTS: The impact on the Structure and Outcome components of nursing professional practice environments was positive. Although the Process component remained favourable to quality of care, a negative trend was confirmed in almost all dimensions. The results regarding safety culture showed weaknesses; 'teamwork within units' was the only dimension that maintained a positive culture. CONCLUSION: Positive responses regarding patient safety were significantly associated with the quality of the nursing professional practice environment. The need to invest in all dimensions of safety culture emerges to promote positive professional environments. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Improving professional nursing practice environments can be achieved through managers' investment in the participation and involvement of nurses in the policies and functioning of institutions, as well as promoting an open, fair and participatory safety culture that encourages reporting events and provides adequate support for professionals.

Ansiedade e/ou depressão em pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipo 2: uma revisão integrativa / Anxiety and/or depression in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: an integrative review / Ansiedad y/o depresión en personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2: una revisión integradora

Objetivo: identificar a prevalência e fatores associados à ansiedade e/ou depressão em pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 a partir da literatura científica. Métodos: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. A busca dos artigos foi realizada por meio das bases de dados disponíveis na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e na National Library of Medicine/PubMed, através dos descritores Anxiety, Depression, Diabetes Mellitus e Prevalence. A seleção de artigos se deu mediante aplicação de critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Resultados: foram selecionados 15 artigos para compor a amostra. Dentre os transtornos psiquiátricos, a depressão foi o mais prevalente em pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 no estudo. Estavam associados à ansiedade e/ou depressão, sexo feminino, idade avançadae complicações relacionadas ao diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Considerações finais: conhecer a prevalência e os fatores associados à depressão e ansiedade em pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 é importante para conhecer a magnitude do problema, bem como prevenir ou amenizar a sua ocorrência. Uma forma de reduzir o impacto dessas comorbidades psiquiátricas é por meio do diagnóstico e tratamento precoce. Para isso, é fundamental que o profissional atue pautado nos princípios de humanização e integralidade da assistência.

Objective: to identify the prevalence and factors associated with anxiety and/or depression in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus from the scientific literature. Methods:this is an integrative literature review. The search for articles was carried out through the databases available in the Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde and in the National Library of Medicine/PubMed, using the descriptors Anxiety, Depression, Diabetes Mellitus and Prevalence. The selection of articles was done by applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results:15 articles were selected to compose the sample. Among psychiatric disorders, depression was the most prevalent in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the study. They were associated with anxiety and/or depression, female gender, advanced age and complications related to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Final Considerations:knowing the prevalence and factors associated with depression and anxiety in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus is important to know the magnitude of the problem, as well as preventing or mitigating its occurrence. One way to reduce the impact of these psychiatric comorbidities is through early diagnosis and treatment. For this, it is essential that the professional acts based on the principles of humanization and comprehensive care.

Objetivo: identificar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a la ansiedad y/o depresión en personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 a partir de la literatura científica. Métodos:se trata de una revisión integrativa de la literatura. La búsqueda de artículos se realizó a través de las bases de datos disponibles en la Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde y en la National Library of Medicine/PubMed, utilizando los descriptores Anxiety, Depression, Diabetes Mellitus y Prevalence. La selección de artículos se basó en la aplicación de criterios deinclusión y exclusión. Resultados:15 artículos fueron seleccionados para componer la muestra. Entre los trastornos psiquiátricos, la depresión fue la más frecuente en las personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 del estudio. Se asociaron con ansiedad y/o depresión, sexo femenino, edad avanzada y complicaciones relacionadas con la diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Consideraciones finales:conocer la prevalencia y los factores asociados a la depresión y la ansiedad en personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 es importante para conocer la magnitud del problema, así como para prevenir o mitigar su ocurrencia. Una forma de reducir el impacto de estas comorbilidades psiquiátricas es a través del diagnóstico y tratamiento tempranos. Para ello, es fundamental que el profesionalactúe con base en los principios de humanización y atención integral.

The COVID-19 Pandemic and Professional Nursing Practice in the Context of Hospitals.

The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed challenges to health systems and institutions, which had to quickly create conditions to meet the growing health needs of the population. Thus, this study aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 on professional nursing practice environments and to identify the variables that affected their quality. Quantitative, observational study, conducted in 16 Portuguese hospitals, with 1575 nurses. Data were collected using a questionnaire and participants responded to two different moments in time: the pre-pandemic period and after the fourth critical period of COVID-19. The pandemic had a positive impact on the Structure and Outcome components, and a negative trend in the Process component. The variables associated with the qualification of the components and their dimensions were predominantly: work context, the exercise of functions in areas of assistance to COVID-19 patients, length of professional experience and length of experience in the service. The investment in professional practice environments impacted the improvement of organizational factors, supporting the development of nurses' work towards the quality of care. However, it is necessary to invest in nurses' participation, involvement and professional qualifications, which are aspects strongly dependent on the institutions' management strategies.

The rationality involved in the popular use of coffee (Coffea sp) and sunflower seed (Helianthus annuus) for the treatment of vitiligo: a case report.

INTRODUCTION: Vitiligo is a dermatological disease that affects about 0.38% to 2.9% of the world population. Currently, the main treatments used for vitiligo involve the use of topical drugs such as corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors, phototherapy, systemic treatment with steroids and even surgical grafts and, in acute cases, depigmenting treatments. Natural products are an alternative for the treatment of vitiligo: mamacadela (Brosimum gaudichaudii), a plant rich in furanocoumarins, and sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus), rich in phenolic substances, are already used to treat vitiligo. There are also popular reports of the use of a preparation containing coffee (Coffea sp) and sunflower seed (Helianthus annuus) to treat vitiligo. CASE REPORT: A female patient, 28 years old, diagnosed with vitiligo, reported having obtained a positive result in the repigmentation of the pale white patches after the daily use of a preparation containing coffee and sunflower seed for about one year. DISCUSSION: Data from the scientific literature demonstrated that chemical constituents of these plants, such as chlorogenic acid and its isomers, which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action, and substances such as linoleic acid and vitamins E and B, which help in the process of melanin formation on the skin, may be responsible for the observed repigmentation of the patches. Further research on this case report is important for scientific validation and the development of new therapeutic options, especially with less adverse effects, in the treatment of vitiligo.

A dimensão viva da experiência de supervisão didática / The living dimension of the didactic supervision experience / La dimensión viva de la experiencia de supervisión didáctica / La dimension vivante de l'expérience de supervision didactique

As autoras abordam uma experiência de supervisão, para fins de formação analítica, em um instituto de psicanálise, desenvolvida pela analista e pela supervisora implicadas na tarefa. Partindo de uma retrospectiva histórica da supervisão no tripé da formação psicanalítica, propõem uma reflexão sobre seu lugar e sua importância no exercício do vir a ser analista. O estudo leva as autoras a acreditarem que, assim como a própria análise é uma tarefa interminável, as forças intrapsíquicas que estão permanentemente em jogo no encontro do analista com o paciente geram uma demanda que convoca o diálogo na supervisão, o qual parece conter o paradoxo do descobrimento sem colonização. Em conclusão, entendem que, ao mesmo tempo que a tarefa da supervisão promove novos significados, ela não deve se tornar um exercício de doutrinamento.

supervisão didática

formação psicanalítica

história da supervisão

descobrimento sem colonização

This paper regards a supervisory experience for analytical specialization purposes in an Institute of Psychoanalysis, developed by the analyst and supervisor involved in the task. The authors, based on an analysis of the historical dimension of supervision on the tripod of psychoanalytic training, propose a reflection on the supervision's role in the process of becoming an analyst. The study leads the authors to believe that, just as the analysis itself is an endless task, the intrapsychic forces that are permanently at stake in the encounter of the analyst with the patient generate a demand that calls for the dialogue in the supervision, which seems to contain the paradox of discovery without colonization. In conclusion, the authors consider that, while the task of supervision promotes new meanings, it should not become an exercise of indoctrination.

El trabajo trata de una experiencia de supervisión, con fines de formación analítica en un Instituto de Psicoanálisis, desarrollada por el analista y el supervisor involucrado en la tarea. Los autores, partiendo de una retrospectiva histórica de la supervisión sobre el trípode de la formación psicoanalítica, proponen una reflexión sobre su lugar e importancia en el ejercicio de convertirse en analista. El estudio lleva a los autores a creer que, así como el análisis en sí es una tarea sin fin, las fuerzas intrapsíquicas que están permanentemente en juego en el encuentro del analista con el paciente generan una demanda que llama al diálogo en la supervisión, que parece contener la paradoja de descubrimiento sin colonización. En conclusión, se entiende que, si bien la tarea de supervisión promueve nuevos significados, no debe convertirse en un ejercicio de adoctrinamiento.

L'article aborde une expérience de supervision, à des fins de la formation analytique dans un Institut de Psychanalyse, développée par une analyste et une superviseuse qui sont impliquées dans la tâche. Les autrices, à partir d'une rétrospective historique de la supervision sur le trépied de la formation psychanalytique, proposent une réflexion sur leur place et leur importance dans l'exercice de devenir analyste. L'étude conduit les autrices à croire que, de la même manière que l'analyse elle-même est une tâche sans fin, les forces intrapsychiques, qui sont en permanence en jeu dans la rencontre de l'analyste avec le patient, génèrent une demande qui appelle au dialogue dans la supervision, lequel semble contenir le paradoxe de la découverte sans colonisation. En conclusion, on comprend que, lors même que la supervision promeuve de nouvelles significations, elle ne doive pas devenir un exercice d'endoctrinement.

Mechanisms and interactions in concomitant use of herbs and warfarin therapy: An updated review.

This review is an updated and expanded version published in this journal in 2016. Warfarin pharmacotherapy is extremely complex, since in addition to being a low therapeutic index drug, it does not follow the dose-response pattern and has characteristics that predispose the occurrence of interactions, such as high binding rate to plasma proteins, metabolization by cytochrome P450 enzymes, further to acting in the complex process of blood coagulation, platelet activation, and inflammation. For these reasons, warfarin has great potential for interaction with drugs, foods, and herbal medicines. Herb-warfarin interactions, however, are still not very well studied; thus, the objective of this update is to present new information on the subject aiming to provide a scientific basis to help health professionals in the clinical management of these interactions. A literature review was performed from May to June 2021 in multiple databases and articles published in 2016 to 2021 were included. A total of 59 articles describing 114 herbal medicines were reported to interact with warfarin. Of the plants mentioned, 84% had the potential to increase warfarin effect and the risk of bleeding. Targets possibly involved in these interactions include the processes of blood coagulation, platelet activation, and inflammation, in addition to the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin. Despite these alarming numbers, however, the clinical management of interactions is known to be effective. Thus, it is important that the use of these herbal medicines be done with caution in anticoagulated patients and that studies of herb-drug interactions be encouraged in order to generate information to support the clinical management of patients.

In vitro anticoagulant activity of selected medicinal plants: potential interactions with warfarin and development of new anticoagulants.

OBJECTIVES: Warfarin is the most widely used anticoagulant in the world, but it has several limitations including its narrow therapeutic range, need for dose adjustment and high potential for interactions. The simultaneous use of other drugs or even medicinal plants and certain foods could interfere with its therapeutic activity. In this context, this study aims to investigate the in vitro anticoagulant potential and phytochemical constitution of 17 plants selected from a previous clinical cross-sectional study (2014), that investigated the habits of plant utilization among patients taking warfarin. METHODS: Ethanol extracts and essential oils were evaluated, in vitro, as to their effect in the prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) tests. Four species that presented aPTT >50 s were selected for phytochemical evaluation. RESULTS: Thirteen of the 17 plants selected demonstrated a significant anticoagulant effect in at least one of the evaluated parameters. Citrus sinensis (PT=14.75 and aPTT=53.15), Mentha crispa (aPTT=51.25), Mikania laevigata (PT=14.90 and aPTT=52.10), and Nasturtium officinale (aPTT=50.55) showed greater anticoagulant potential compared to normal plasma pool (PT=12.25 and aPTT=37.73). Chemical profiles of these four species were obtained, and certain compounds were identified: rosmarinic acid from M. crispa and isoorientin from N. officinale. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, the results of this study could be a useful indicator for clinical practice towards the possibility of interaction between these plants and anticoagulants, although further clinical research is needed taking into consideration the limitations of in vitro studies. These findings also suggest that further research into the action of these plants could be of real clinical value in identifying potential alternative anticoagulant therapies.

Spatiotemporal clustering, social inequities and the risk of leptospirosis in an endemic area of Brazil: a retrospective spatial modelling.

BACKGROUND: Leptospirosis is an endemic disease in Brazil of social and economic relevance related to behavioural and socioenvironmental factors. This study aimed to analyse the spatiotemporal distribution of the incidence of leptospirosis and its association with social determinants in health in a state of northeastern Brazil. METHODS: An ecological study of temporal series with techniques of spatial analysis using secondary data of the cases of leptospirosis notified in the Information System of Notifiable Diseases of the state of Sergipe (2008-2017) was conducted. The analysis of temporal trends was performed using Poisson regression. Spatial analyses were performed using the Moran index, the local empirical Bayesian model, scan statistics and spatial regression. RESULTS: The incidence rate decreased from 3.66 to 1.44 cases per 100 000 inhabitants in 2008 and 2017, respectively. Leptospirosis was associated with social inequities, mostly affecting males aged 20-49 y living in urban areas. The space-time scan indicated the formation of a risk cluster in municipalities in the metropolitan region of the state. CONCLUSIONS: The data indicated the persistence of leptospirosis transmission, maintaining a pattern of high endemicity in some municipalities associated with social inequities. The study showed the temporal and spatial dynamics of the disease to better target specific actions for prevention and control.

Os conceitos de Florence Nightingale em tempos de pandemia da COVID-19 retratados em história em quadrinhos: relato de experiência / Florence Nightingale's concepts in times of COVID-19 pandemic portrayed in comics: an experience report / Los conceptos de Florence Nightingale en tiempos de pandemia COVID-19 retratados en cómics: relato de experiencia

Descrever a experiência do processo de elaboração de uma história em quadrinhos acerca das medidas de prevenção para o combate ao novo coronavírus a partir do legado de Florence Nightingale e da Teoria Ambientalista. Método: Trata-se de um relato de experiência de uma ação extensionista universitária acerca do processo de elaboração de uma história em quadrinhos que traz os conceitos da teoria ambientalista de Florence Nightingale no combate ao novo coronavírus. Resultados: A partir da técnica do brainstorming, surgiu a ideia da história em quadrinhos e foram criados três personagens: Florence Nightingale, Super Sabão e Luiza. Foram seguidas as etapas: criação do roteiro e dos personagens e transferência do desenho manual para programas de digitalização. O material elaborado passou por três revisões: a dos alunos de enfermagem; do docente responsável pela elaboração do material e; do grupo de docentes cuja finalidade foi avaliar os materiais produzidos nas atividades de extensão acerca do tema COVID-19. Conclusão e implicações para prática: A experiência na construção de material didático tipo história em quadrinhos foi um desafio para os estudantes e docentes. Destaca-se a oportunidade da descoberta de novos recursos pedagógicos e produção de material tecnológico em tempos de distanciamento social

To describe the experience of the process of elaboration of a comic about prevention measures to combat the new coronavirus from the legacy of Florence Nightingale and the Environmental Theory. Method: It is an experience report of a university extension action about the process of elaboration of a graphic novel that brings the concepts of Florence Nightingale's environmental theory in the fight against the new coronavirus. Results: From the brainstorming technique, the comic idea came up and three characters were created: Florence Nightingale, Super Sabão (Super Soap, in free translation), and Luiza. These stages were followed: creation of the script and characters and transfer of the manual drawing to digitization programs. The material produced underwent three revisions: that of nursing students; of the teacher responsible for preparing the material and; of the group of teachers whose purpose was to evaluate the materials produced in extension activities on the theme COVID-19. Conclusion and implications for practice: The experience in the construction of didactic material such as a graphic novel was a challenge for students and teachers. Stands out the opportunity to discover new pedagogical resources and the production of technological material in times of social distancing

Describir la experiencia del proceso de preparación de una historieta (cómics) sobre las medidas preventivas para el combate al nuevo coronavirus a partir del legado de Florence Nightingale y de la Teoría Ambientalista. Método: Relato de experiencia de una acción de extensión universitaria acerca del proceso de elaboración de un cómic que trae los conceptos de la Teoría Ambientalista de Florence Nightingale en la lucha contra el nuevo coronavirus. Resultados: A partir de la técnica de brainstorming (lluvia de ideas), surgió la idea del cómic y se crearon tres personajes: Florence Nightingale, Súper Jabón y Luiza. Se siguieron los pasos: creación del guion y de los personajes y transferencia del dibujo manual a programas de digitalización. El material producido se sometió a tres revisiones: por alumnos de enfermería; docente responsable de preparar el material y; del grupo de docentes cuyo propósito era evaluar los materiales producidos en actividades de extensión sobre el tema COVID-19. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica: La experiencia en la construcción de material didáctico como los cómics fue un desafío para estudiantes y profesores. Se destaca la oportunidad de descubierta de nuevos recursos pedagógicos y la producción de material tecnológico en tiempos de aislamiento social

Thrombin generation test with the calibrated automated thrombogram and anticoagulant activity of Mentha crispa.

: Evaluate the in-vitro effect of Mentha crispa extract on blood coagulation, compare the conventional coagulometric tests with thrombin generation test (TGT), and study the qualitative micromolecular composition of M. crispa. Extract of M. crispa was incubated with plasma and used in the coagulometric tests: prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times, fibrinogen, and TGT. A phytochemical prospection was performed to evaluate the chemical composition of this extract. The extract was efficient in prolonging prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time, and reducing fibrinogen levels and TGT parameters, indicating that the extract of M. crispa inhibited the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of blood coagulation. The results obtained in TGT are in agreement with the results of conventional coagulometric tests and the in-vitro anticoagulant activity of M. crispa suggests that its use by patients using oral anticoagulants deserves caution.