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1.
Environ Sci Technol ; 2024 Aug 17.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39152914

ABSTRACT

Storm events can mobilize nitrogen species from landscapes into streams, exacerbating eutrophication and threatening aquatic ecosystems as well as human health. However, the transport pathways and storm responses of different nitrogen forms remain elusive. We used high-frequency chemical and isotopic sampling to partition sources of stormwater runoff and determine transport pathways of multiple nitrogen forms in an agricultural catchment. Bayesian mixing modeling reveals shallow subsurface water as the dominant source of stormwater runoff, contributing 74% of the water flux and 72, 71, and 79% of total nitrogen (TN), total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), and nitrate (NO3-N), respectively. Groundwater, by contrast, contributed 11% of stormwater runoff and 21, 22, and 17% of TN, TDN, and NO3-N, respectively. The remaining 14% of stormwater runoff can be attributed to rainwater, which contains much less TN, TDN, and NO3-N. Surprisingly, during storm events, the dominant nitrogen form was NO3-N rather than dissolved organic nitrogen. Antecedent conditions and runoff characteristics have an important influence on nitrogen loads during storm events. Our results provide insight into hydrological mechanisms driving nitrogen transport during storm events and may help in developing catchment management practices for reducing nitrogen pollution in aquatic ecosystems.

2.
Front Microbiol ; 15: 1415329, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39113844

ABSTRACT

Some plant-associated microorganisms could improve host plants biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. Imperata cylindrica is a dominant pioneer plant in some abandoned mine lands with higher concentrations of heavy metal (HM). To discover the specific microbiome of I. cylindrica in this extreme environment and evaluate its role, the microbiome of I. cylindrica's seeds and rhizosphere soils from HM heavily contaminated (H) and lightly contaminated (L) sites were studied. It was found that HM-contamination significantly reduced the richness of endophytic bacteria in seeds, but increased the abundance of resistant species, such as Massilia sp. and Duganella sp. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient analysis showed that both Massilia sp. and Duganella sp. showed a significant positive correlation with Zn concentration, indicating that it may have a strong tolerance to Zn. A comparison of the microbiome of rhizosphere soils (RS) and adjacent bare soils (BS) of site H showed that I. cylindrica colonization significantly increased the diversity of fungi in rhizosphere soil and the abundance of Ascomycota associated with soil nutrient cycling. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient analysis showed that Ascomycota was positively correlated with the total nitrogen. Combined with the fact that the total nitrogen content of RS was significantly higher than that of BS, we suppose that Ascomycota may enhance the nitrogen fixation of I. cylindrica, thereby promoting its growth in such an extreme environment. In conclusion, the concentration of HM and nutrient contents in the soil significantly affected the microbial community of rhizosphere soils and seeds of I. cylindrica, in turn, the different microbiomes further affected soil HM concentration and nutrient contents. The survival of I. cylindrica in HM severely contaminated environment may mainly be through recruiting more microorganisms that can enhance its nutrition supply.

3.
Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces ; 244: 114142, 2024 Aug 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39116603

ABSTRACT

Hyperglycemia provides a favorable breeding ground for bacteria, resulting in repeated and persistent inflammation of wounds and prolonged healing processes. In this study, platinum (Pt) nanoparticles (NPs) and glucose oxidase (GOx) were decorated on the surface of camelina lipid droplets (OB) linked with hFGF2, forming PGOB through in situ reduction of Pt ions and electrostatic adsorption, respectively. PGOB exhibits cascade enzyme catalytic activity, which can be activated by glucose in diabetic wound tissues. Specifically, GOx on PGOB catalyzes glucose into hydrogen peroxide, which can further decompose into hydroxyl radicals that have higher toxicity for bacterial inactivation. Additionally, glucose decomposition creates a low pH microenvironment, facilitating the cascade catalytic activity that ensures better bacterial suppression within the wound tissues. Furthermore, hFGF2 promotes the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments confirm that PGOB effectively accelerates wound healing processes through bacteria inactivation and tissue regeneration. This study has developed an alternative strategy for glucose-triggered synergistic cascade therapy for diabetic wounds.

4.
Adv Mater ; : e2408255, 2024 Aug 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39120049

ABSTRACT

Modulating the inflammatory microenvironment to reconstruct the fibrocartilaginous layer while promoting tendon repair is crucial for enhancing tendon-to-bone healing in rotator cuff repair (RCR), a persistent challenge in orthopedics. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) hold significant potential to modulate inflammation, yet the efficient production of highly bioactive sEVs remains a substantial barrier to their clinical application. Moreover, achieving minimally invasive local delivery of sEVs to the tendon-to-bone interface presents significant technical difficulties. Herein, the circadian rhythm of adipose-derived stem cells is modulated to increase the yield and enhance the inflammatory regulatory capacity of sEVs. Circadian rhythm-regulated sEVs (CR-sEVs) enhance the cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling pathway in macrophage (Mφ) via platelet factor 4 delivery, thereby inhibiting Mφ M1 polarization. Subsequently, a triphasic microneedle (MN) scaffold with a tip, stem, and base is designed for the local delivery of CR-sEVs (CR-sEVs/MN) at the tendon-to-bone junction, incorporating tendon-derived decellularized extracellular matrix in the base to facilitate tendon repair. CR-sEVs/MN mitigates inflammation, promotes fibrocartilage regeneration, and enhances tendon healing, thereby improving biomechanical strength and shoulder joint function in a rat RCR model. Combining CR-sEVs with this triphasic microneedle delivery system presents a promising strategy for enhancing tendon-to-bone healing in clinical settings.

5.
Reprod Domest Anim ; 59(8): e14704, 2024 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39126408

ABSTRACT

Ruminants are one of the world's economically important species, and their reproductive health is critical to the economic development of the livestock industry. In recent years, research on the relationship between microbiota and reproductive health has received much attention. Microbiota disruption affects the developmental health of the testes and epididymis, the male reproductive organs of the host, which in turn is related to sperm quality. Maintaining a stable microbiota protects the host from pathogens and increases breeding performance, which in turn promotes the economic development of animal husbandry. In addition, the effects and mechanisms of microbiota on reproduction were further explored. These findings support new approaches to improving and managing reproductive health in ruminants through the microbiota and facilitate further systematic exploration of microbiota-mediated reproductive impacts.


Subject(s)
Microbiota , Testis , Animals , Male , Testis/microbiology , Reproductive Health , Ruminants/microbiology , Reproduction/physiology , Epididymis/microbiology , Spermatozoa/physiology , Spermatozoa/microbiology
6.
BMC Complement Med Ther ; 24(1): 296, 2024 Aug 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39095777

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The fruit of Phyllanthus emblica L., a traditional medicine in China and India, is used to treat diabetes mellitus. Its water extract (WEPE) has demonstrated hypoglycemic effects in diabetic rats, but its mechanisms on glucose utilization and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle remain unclear. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of WEPE on glucose utilization and insulin resistance using C2C12 myotubes. METHODS: Effects of WEPE on glucose uptake, GLUT4 translocation, and AMPK and AKT phosphorylation were investigated in C2C12 myotubes and palmitate-treated myotubes. An AMPK inhibitor and siRNA were used to explore the mechanisms of WEPE. Glucose uptake was determined using a 2-(N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl) amino)-2-deoxyglucose (2-NBDG) uptake assay, and protein expression and GLUT4 translocation were assessed via western blotting. RESULTS: In normal myotubes, WEPE significantly stimulated glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane at concentrations of 125 and 250 µg/mL. This was accompanied by an increase in the phosphorylation of AMPK and its downstream targets. However, both compound C and AMPK siRNA blocked the WEPE-induced GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake. Moreover, pretreatment with STO-609, a calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase ß (CaMKKß) inhibitor, inhibited WEPE-induced AMPK phosphorylation and attenuated the WEPE-stimulated glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation. In myotubes treated with palmitate, WEPE prevented palmitate-induced insulin resistance by enhancing insulin-mediated glucose uptake and AKT phosphorylation. It also restored the insulin-mediated translocation of GLUT4 from cytoplasm to membrane. However, these effects of WEPE on glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation were blocked by pretreatment with compound C. CONCLUSIONS: WEPE significantly stimulated basal glucose uptake though CaMKKß/AMPK pathway and markedly ameliorated palmitate-induced insulin resistance by activating the AMPK pathway in C2C12 myotubes.


Subject(s)
AMP-Activated Protein Kinases , Glucose , Insulin Resistance , Muscle Fibers, Skeletal , Phyllanthus emblica , Plant Extracts , Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/drug effects , Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism , Animals , Mice , Glucose/metabolism , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism , Fruit , Glucose Transporter Type 4/metabolism , Cell Line , Palmitates/pharmacology , Palmitic Acid/pharmacology
7.
Org Lett ; 2024 Aug 22.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39172691

ABSTRACT

A general approach for the α-arylation of heteroarenes with nitroarenes via denitrative coupling is reported for the first time. Various heteroarenes, including derivatives of furan, benzofuran, pyrrole, indole, thiophene, and benzothiophene, can be arylated at the α-position in moderate to good yields. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that the reaction proceeds via a CMD pathway, with C-H bond activation as the rate-determining step. Furthermore, the scalability and applicability in the synthesis of a drug molecule exemplify the utility of this protocol.

8.
J Mol Histol ; 2024 Aug 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39105940

ABSTRACT

The molecular mechanism of sterility in cattleyak is still unresolved. The related factors of infertility in cattleyak were studied by tissue section, SERPINA5 gene cloning and bioinformatics technology. Tissue sections of the epididymis showed poorly structured and disorganized epithelial cells in the corpus of the epididymis compared to the caput of the epididymis, while in the cauda part of the epididymis, the extra basal smooth muscle was thinner, the surface of the epithelial lumen was discontinuous and the epithelium was markedly degenerated. The results of gene cloning showed that the coding sequence (CDS) region of the SERPINA5 gene in cattleyak was 1215 bp in length, encoding a total of 404 amino acids, of which the isoleucine content was the highest, accounting for a total of 49 amino acids (12.1%). The results of real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR) showed that the expression of the SERPINA5 gene in the epididymis caput in cattleyak was significantly higher than that in the corpus and cauda (P < 0.05), but there were no significant differences between the corpus and cauda. In the current study, histological and bioinformatics analysis, physicochemical properties, and the expression analysis of the SERPINA5 gene in different regions of the epididymis in cattleyak were carried out to explore the biological complications of cattleyak infertility.

9.
Gland Surg ; 13(7): 1269-1280, 2024 Jul 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39175698

ABSTRACT

Background: Endoscopic curative excision of benign breast diseases (BBDs) can preserve the cosmetic appearance of the breast. However, endoscopic surgery is not feasible, and some challenges still need to be addressed. Traditional line marker localization methods cannot visualize tumors, and the exploration of deep tumors may lead to certain risks of accidental injury. This study aimed to investigate the value of the methylene blue location (MBL) technique in endoscopic resection of deep-seated benign breast tumors. Methods: A total of 217 patients with benign deep breast tumors admitted to the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between November 2017 and June 2023 met the inclusion criteria. Among them, 107 patients underwent endoscopic resection with a MBL, in which methylene blue was injected to guide the tumor resection endoscopically, whereas 110 patients underwent endoscopic resection with a skin mark location (SML), in which the tumor was located by a marking line on the skin. We compared patient characteristics, surgery-related data, complications, and cosmetic outcomes between the two groups. Results: Endoscopic breast tumor resection was successfully performed in 217 patients, none of whom had undergone open surgery. The mean operation time was significantly different between the MBL and SML groups (45.70±12.508 and 49.59±10.997 min, respectively; P=0.008<0.05), and blood loss in the MBL group was significantly reduced compared with that in the SML group (11.07±5.665 and 13.83±7.918 mL, respectively; P=0.004<0.05). There were no significant differences in drainage volume, length of hospital stay, or postoperative complications between the MBL and SML groups (P>0.05). The postoperative cosmetic outcomes of the patients were noteworthy, with no statistically significant differences between the two groups. Conclusions: The methylene blue positioning technique is safe and effective for the endoscopic treatment of deep breast tumors. It shortens operation time, reduces surgical complications, and is worthy of clinical promotion.

10.
Anal Chem ; 96(33): 13455-13463, 2024 Aug 20.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39115218

ABSTRACT

Compared to nanozymes with single enzyme activity, those with multiple enzyme activities possess broader application potential due to their diversified enzymatic functionalities. However, the multienzyme nanozymes currently face challenges of interference among different enzymatic activities during practical applications. In this study, we report the synthesis of a light-responsive YbGd-carbon quantum dots nano-hybrid, termed YbGd-CDs, which exhibits controllable enzyme-mimicking activities. This light-responsive behavior enables selective control of the enzymatic activities. Under visible light irradiation, YbGd-CDs demonstrate robust oxidase-like activity. Conversely, under dark conditions, they primarily exhibit peroxidase-like activity. Leveraging the dual-enzyme-mimicking capabilities of YbGd-CDs, we developed colorimetric assays for sensitive detection of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in both normal and cancer cells as well as d-amino acids in human saliva. This study not only advances the synthesis of carbon-based nanozymes but also highlights their potential in biosensing applications.


Subject(s)
Biosensing Techniques , Carbon , Light , Quantum Dots , Quantum Dots/chemistry , Biosensing Techniques/methods , Humans , Carbon/chemistry , Saliva/chemistry , Saliva/enzymology , Colorimetry , Antioxidants/analysis , Antioxidants/chemistry , Antioxidants/metabolism
11.
J Diabetes ; 16(8): e13599, 2024 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39155680

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Beta 2-microglobulin (ß2-MG) is a component of the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHCI) and has recently been reported to be involved in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease. However, the association of ß2-MG with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in T2DM patients remains unknown. This study aims to investigate the correlation between serum ß2-MG and LVH in T2DM patients. METHODS: The retrospective analysis included 4602 eligible T2DM patients, divided into LVH and non-LVH groups based on echocardiography results. Serum ß2-MG levels were measured, and participants were categorized into four groups (Q1-Q4) by their serum ß2-MG quartile. The relationship of serum ß2-MG level with LVH was evaluated using logistic regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS), subgroup analysis, and machine learning. RESULTS: The prevalence of LVH in T2DM patients was 31.12%. Each standard deviation increase in serum ß2-MG level corresponded to a 1.17-fold increase in the prevalence of LVH [OR = 1.17, (95% CI: 1.05-1.31); p = 0.006]. When considering ß2-MG as a categorical variable (quartile), Q3 [OR = 1.36, (95% CI: 1.09-1.69); p = 0.007] and Q4 [OR = 1.77, (95% CI: 1.36-2.31); p < 0.001] had a significantly higher prevalence of LVH than Q1. RCS analysis found a nonlinear association between ß2-MG and LVH prevalence (p for nonlinearity <0.05). Additionally, machine learning results confirmed the importance of ß2-MG for LVH in T2DM patients. CONCLUSION: Elevated serum ß2-MG levels were likely to be associated with an increased prevalence of LVH in T2DM patients, suggesting its potential role in LVH development.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular , beta 2-Microglobulin , Humans , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/blood , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/epidemiology , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/etiology , beta 2-Microglobulin/blood , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Aged , Prevalence , Echocardiography , Biomarkers/blood , Risk Factors
12.
Front Genet ; 15: 1403913, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39076170

ABSTRACT

Objective: To accurately verify the pathogenicity of variants of uncertain significance (VUS) in MUT and MMACHC genes through mass spectrometry and silico analysis. Methods: This multicenter retrospective study included 35 participating units (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT06183138). A total of 3,071 newborns (within 7 days of birth) were sorted into carrying pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants and carrying VUS, non-variant groups. Differences in metabolites among the groups were calculated using statistical analyses. Changes in conservatism, free energy, and interaction force of MMUT and MMACHC variants were analyzed using silico analysis. Results: The percentage of those carrying VUS cases was 68.15% (659/967). In the MMUT gene variant, we found that C3, C3/C2, and C3/C0 levels in those carrying the P/LP variant group were higher than those in the non-variant group (p < 0.000). The conservative scores of those carrying the P/LP variant group were >7. C3, C3/C0, and C3/C2 values of newborns carrying VUS (c.1159A>C and c.1286A>G) were significantly higher than those of the non-variant group and the remaining VUS newborns (p < 0.005). The conservative scores of c.1159A>C and c.1286A>G calculated by ConSurf analysis were 9 and 7, respectively. Unfortunately, three MMA patients with c.1159A>C died during the neonatal period; their C3, C3/C0, C3/C2, and MMA levels were significantly higher than those of the controls. Conclusion: Common variants of methylmalonic acidemia in the study population were categorized as VUS. In the neonatal period, the metabolic biomarkers of those carrying the P/LP variant group of the MUT gene were significantly higher than those in the non-variant group. If the metabolic biomarkers of those carrying VUS are also significantly increased, combined with silico analysis the VUS may be elevated to a likely pathogenic variant. The results also suggest that mass spectrometry and silico analysis may be feasible screening methods for verifying the pathogenicity of VUS in other inherited metabolic diseases.

13.
World J Surg ; 2024 Jul 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39078613

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Benign breast lumps affect 10% of women in their lifetimes. Endoscopic surgery could be an alternative surgical technique for benign breast tumors because it is performed through small wounds hidden in inconspicuous areas. The aim of this study was to explore the safety and esthetic effects of endoscopic surgery in the treatment of benign breast disease. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study analyzed 363 patients with benign breast tumors from August 2021 to December 2023 in the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, of whom 118 underwent transaxillary single-port endoscopic surgery and 245 underwent traditional open surgery. Clinicopathologic characteristics, surgery type, hospital stay, and complications were analyzed to assess the effectiveness of the procedure for benign breast tumors. RESULTS: Breast tumor resection was successfully performed in 363 patients by endoscopic surgery or traditional open surgery. Endoscopic procedures demonstrated longer durations of surgery (98.54 ± 35.17 min vs. 70.28 ± 26.06 min, p < 0.01) and postoperative drainage (64.30 ± 34.92 mL vs.18.49 ± 19.86 mL, p < 0.01), but there was less blood loss. The nipple-areolar complex of the patients who underwent endoscopic resection was significantly more sensitive than the traditional open surgery group. Patients in the endoscopic group reported higher satisfaction with surgical outcome (13.10 ± 1.97 vs. 12.63 ± 1.90, p < 0.01). And there was a significant difference in the wound scar and cosmetic outcome total score between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Transaxillary single-port endoscopic surgery is effective and safe and improves postoperative nipple-areolar sensation and cosmetic outcome, as compared to the conventional technique.

14.
Phys Chem Chem Phys ; 26(30): 20511-20521, 2024 Jul 31.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39034776

ABSTRACT

Chemical looping air separation (CLAS) is a promising process intensification technology for extracting oxygen from air for oxygen enrichment in process streams. Co-doped strontium ferrites (SrFe1-xCoxO3-δ) have been found to have outstanding activities for CLAS processes. In this study, we explore the underlying factors driving the enhancement in oxygen uptake and release performance of perovskite structured SrFe1-xCoxO3-δ oxygen carriers for CLAS. Phase-pure perovskites, with B site substituted by up to 75 mol% Co, were prepared by a sol-gel method and systematically investigated through a wide range of well controlled experimental and computational approaches. While all SrFe1-xCoxO3-δ oxygen carriers showed excellent cyclic stability and structural reversibility over CLAS cycles, increased B site occupancy by Co resulted in monotonic decrease in onset temperature for oxygen release and increase in oxygen carrying capacity. These experimental trends can be fundamentally explained by an increase in the structural tolerance factor, an elevation in transition metal d-band, as well as an increased degree of hybridization between the metal d-band and the O p band. Therefore, these ab initio structural and electronic descriptors are useful design rationales for the hypothesis-driven synthesis of high-performing oxygen carriers for CLAS.

15.
RSC Adv ; 14(30): 21230-21240, 2024 Jul 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38974223

ABSTRACT

Hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) possess remarkable potential for various applications due to their unprecedented properties. However, the scalable production of BNNSs with both expansive surface and high solubility continues to present a significant challenge. Herein, we propose an innovative and efficient two-step method for manufacturing hydroxyl-functionalized BNNSs (OH-BNNSs). Initially, hydroxyl groups are covalently attached to bulk hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) surfaces through H2O2 treatment. Then, the hydroxyl-functionalized h-BN undergoes exfoliation on account of a sudden increase in interlayer gas pressure generated by the vigorous decomposition of H2O2 in alkali solutions, resulting in the creation of OH-BNNSs. This approach produces relatively large flakes with an average dimension of 1.65 µm and a high yield of 45.2%. The resultant OH-BNNSs exhibit remarkable stability and dispersibility in a range of solvents. Their integration into thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) significantly enhances both thermal conductivity and stability, attributed to the excellent compatibility with the resin matrix. This study represents a significant advancement in the functionalization and exfoliation of h-BN, opening new avenues for its promising applications in polymer composites.

16.
Mol Imaging Radionucl Ther ; 33(2): 129-131, 2024 Jun 28.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38949519

ABSTRACT

Spindle cell sarcoma is a malignant tumor with low incidence. They can occur in the soft tissue, bone, or viscera. The characteristics of morphology, density, and metabolism of spindle cell sarcoma are related to the location of the lesion. A 61-year-old woman presented with vomiting after eating for 2 weeks. Signs of peritoneal irritation were involved, but no response for symptomatic treatment included antiemetic and antispasmodic therapy. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) indicated a mass in the intestinal tract in the pelvic cavity. Then, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/CT was performed, which interestingly detected a jejunal malignancy mass in the left upper abdomen with annular high uptake of 18F-FDG, which was complicated by intussusception and intestinal obstruction. Finally, the jejunal mass was pathologically clarified as an undifferentiated spindle cell sarcoma.

17.
Food Chem ; 460(Pt 1): 140496, 2024 Jul 19.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39032290

ABSTRACT

Vinasse fish (VF), a traditional Chinese food, is unique in flavor. However, the key aroma compounds influencing consumer acceptance of VF remain unclear. In this study, the key aroma compounds in three types of VF were explored by a sensomics approach. The results indicated that a total of 50 aroma compounds were quantified, of which 22 compounds exhibited odor activity values ≥1 were key aroma contributors. Eleven key aroma compounds were further confirmed by recombination and omission experiments. Ethyl hexanoate, 1-octen-3-one, and trans-anethole were mutual key aromas, while eugenol, ethyl heptanoate, (2E)-2-nonenal, and hexanal were distinct aroma markers. Particularly, ethyl heptanoate, γ-nonalactone, and eugenol were newly identified as key aroma compounds in VF. Overall, this study revealed the key aroma compounds and their differences in three types of vinasse fish, which will provide profound insights for comprehensively exploring the formation and target regulation of unique flavor in vinasse fish.

18.
Front Hum Neurosci ; 18: 1392519, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39040086

ABSTRACT

Numerous studies have demonstrated that neuron-specific enolase (NSE) serves as a distinctive indicator of neuronal injury, with its concentration in blood reflecting the extent and magnitude of nervous system damage, and the expression of serum NSE is correlated with cognitive dysfunction. The assessment of NSE holds significant importance in diagnosing cognitive dysfunction, assessing disease severity, predicting prognosis, and guiding treatment. In this review, the research progress of NSE in cognitive dysfunction was reviewed, and the value of serum NSE level in predicting disease severity and prognosis of patients with cognitive dysfunction was discussed.

19.
Food Res Int ; 191: 114708, 2024 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39059961

ABSTRACT

Pentacyclic triterpenes have attracted much attention because of their many bioactivities, but their bioaccessibility is low. Oleanolic acid (OA) was used in this study as a typical edible pentacyclic triterpene. In this work, we proposed an OA interfacial delivery model based on W/O Pickering emulsion, and investigated the effects of different oil types on the emulsion properties and OA bioaccessibility of the OA W/O Pickering emulsion interfacial delivery system (EIDS). Medium chain triglyceride (MCT), long chain triglycerides (LCT) and MCT/LCT (1:1, w/w) were selected as carrier oils for the preparation of emulsions, respectively. The results showed that the emulsions formed from LCT had smaller particle sizes, which increased the deformation resistance of the emulsions and exhibited good stability during the simulated in vitro digestion. The extent of free fatty acid (FFA) release during oil digestion was MCT (103.32 ± 3.74 %) > M/L (97.89 ± 2.89 %) > LCT (71.41 ± 6.64 %). Of interest, the bioaccessibility of OA was influenced by the carrier oil: LCT (59.34 ± 2.55 %) > M/L (47.35 ± 6.25 %) > MCT (13.11 ± 1.40 %) > PBS (7.11 ± 1.74 %), and such a difference was mainly attributed to the greater solubilisation of OA in mixed micelles consisting of long-chain fatty acids. In summary, the size of hydrophobic domains in the mixed micelles produced a greater effect than the effect of FFA release on OA bioaccessibility. This study provides a theoretical basis for the interfacial delivery of OA and the enhancement of OA bioaccessibility based on W/O Pickering emulsions with different oil types.


Subject(s)
Biological Availability , Emulsions , Oleanolic Acid , Particle Size , Triglycerides , Emulsions/chemistry , Oleanolic Acid/chemistry , Oleanolic Acid/pharmacokinetics , Triglycerides/chemistry , Digestion , Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/chemistry , Humans
20.
Heliyon ; 10(12): e33184, 2024 Jun 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39005912

ABSTRACT

Long pulse thermography (LPT) and shearography have been developed as primary methods for detecting debonding or delamination defects in composites due to their full-field imaging, non-contact operation, and high detection efficiency. Both methods utilize halogen lamps as the excitation source for thermal loading. However, the defects detected by the two techniques differ due to their distinct inspection mechanisms. In this study, LPT and shearography are employed to evaluate internal damage in various composite structures. The experimental results demonstrate that LPT, when combined with thermal signal processing algorithms, can clearly detect debonding defects in rubber-to-metal bonded plates, whereas excessive adhesive defects can only be identified by shearography. Flat-bottom holes in the CFRP panel can only be detected by LPT, and shearography is particularly effective for detecting composite materials with a metal skin. For the quantitative measurement of defect sizes, the average errors of the rubber-to-metal bonded plate and CFRP panel using LPT are 4.9 % and 2.2 %, respectively, whereas the average errors of the rubber-to-metal bonded plate and aluminum honeycomb panel using shearography are 15.12 % and 95.4 %, respectively. This indicates that LPT is superior to shearography in quantitatively measuring defect sizes. These two nondestructive testing methods, based on different principles, each have their own advantages and disadvantages. Employing a multi-modal inspection method can leverage their complementary advantages, preventing misdetection and leakage of internal defects in composites.

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