Analysis of functional connectivity changes in attention networks and default mode networks in patients with depression and insomnia.

PURPOSE: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Insomnia Disorder (ID) are prevalent psychiatric conditions often occurring concurrently, leading to substantial impairment in daily functioning. Understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of these disorders and their comorbidity is crucial for developing effective interventions. This study aims to analyze changes in functional connectivity within attention networks and default mode networks in patients with depression and insomnia. METHODS: The functional connectivity alterations in individuals with MDD, ID, comorbid MDD and insomnia (iMDD), and healthy controls (HC) were assessed from a cohort of 174 participants. They underwent rs-fMRI scans, demographic assessments, and scale evaluations for depression and sleep quality. Functional connectivity analysis was conducted using region-of-interest (ROI) and whole-brain methods. RESULTS: The MDD and iMDD groups exhibited higher Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) scores compared to HC and ID groups (P < 0.001). Both ID and MDD groups displayed enhanced connectivity between the left and right orbital frontal cortex compared to HC (P < 0.05), while the iMDD group showed reduced connectivity compared to HC and ID groups (P < 0.05). In the left insula, reduced connectivity with the right medial superior frontal gyrus was observed across patient groups compared to HC (P < 0.05), with the iMDD group showing increased connectivity compared to MDD (P < 0.05). Moreover, alterations in functional connectivity between the left thalamus and left temporal pole were found in iMDD compared to HC and MDD (P < 0.05). Correlation analyses revealed associations between abnormal connectivity and symptom severity in MDD and ID groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate distinct patterns of altered functional connectivity in individuals with MDD, ID, and iMDD compared to healthy controls. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of depression and insomnia, which could be used as a reference for the diagnosis and treatments of these patients.

1-(2-Chloro-phenyl)-6-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-indole-3-carbonitrile.

In the title compound, C(16)H(10)ClFN(2), the dihedral angle between the indole ring system and the benzyl ring is 80.91 (5)°. The crystal packing features C-H⋯Cl, C-H⋯F and C-H⋯π inter-actions.

2-Methyl-1-phenyl-1H-indole-3-carbo-nitrile.

In the title compound, C(16)H(12)N(2), the dihedral angle between the indole ring system and the pendant phenyl ring is 64.92 (5)°. The crystal packing features aromatic π-π stacking [centroid-centroid separation = 3.9504 (9) Å] and C-H⋯π inter-actions.

Poly[di-µ(2)-azido-µ(3)-pyrazine-2-carboxyl-ato-cadmium(II)].

The title compound, [Cd(C(5)H(3)N(2)O(2))(N(3))](n), has been pre-pared by the reaction of pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, cadmium(II) nitrate and sodium azide. In the structure, the Cd(II) atom is six-coordinated by two azide anions and three pyrazine-2-carboxyl-ate ligands. Each pyrazine-2-carboxyl-ate ligand bridges three Cd(II) atoms, whereas the azide ligand bridges two Cd(II) atoms, resulting in the formation of a two-dimensional metal-organic polymer developing parallel to the (100) plane.

[Determination of cinnamic acid in rat plasma after oral administration of subing orally disintegrating tablets and study of its pharmacokinetics behavior].

OBJECTIVE: To develop a RP-HPLC method for determination of cinnamic acid in rat plasma. METHOD: The plasma samples were acidified with acetic acid and extracted with chloroform. Cinnamic acid was separated on a Kromasil C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm) eluted with a mobile phase of methanol-acetonitrile-water-glacial acetic acid (25:20:55:0.3) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1) and room temperature with UV detection at 278 nm, carbamazepine as internal standard. RESULT: The standard curve was linear over the range of 4.0 to approximately 400 ng x mL (-1) r = 0..99 9. The LOQ was 4.0 ng x mL(-1), the mean extraction recovery of the spiked samples at low, middle and high levels was 86.4%, while the mean method recovery was 100.3%. The RSD of intra-day and inter-day were both less than 6.0%. CONCLUSION: The method was sensitive, specific, accurate and precise, which was used to study the pharmacokinetic profile of cinnamic acid in rat plasma after oral administration of the Subing orally disintegrating tablets.

Apoptosis induction of rhesus peripheral blood lymphocytes / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a method for inducing apoptosis of rhesus peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rhesus PBLs were irradiated with X-ray, (60)Co gamma-rays and ultraviolet (UVC254 nm), respectively, and the cell apoptosis was evaluated with flow cytometry using annexin-V staining and propidium iodide staining.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>X-ray and (60)Co gamma-ray irradiation induced only low apoptotic rates of the PBLs, and UVC resulted in the highest apoptotic rate of about 60%. UVC irradiation of the PBLs in RPMI supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal calf serum for 60 min at a distance of 20 cm led to an early apoptotic rate of 58.85% and necrotic rate of 11.5%. The apoptotic rate of PBLs increased in a dose- and time-dependent fashion.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>For inducing apoptosis of the rhesus PBLs, UVC can be more effective than X-ray and (60)Co gamma-ray. The highest apoptotic rate can be achieved when the rhesus PBLs in RPMI supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal calf serum are exposed to UVC for 60 min at the distance of 20 cm.</p>

Half-dose Zenapax for acute rejection prevention after renal transplantation / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the efficacy and safety of half-dose Zenapax for prevention of acute rejection after renal transplantation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to the immunosuppressive regimen and renal function after transplantation, patients were divided into 4 groups, namely groups A, B, C, and D of 90, 73, 11 and 13 patients, respectively. Blood creatinine measured 1 week after operation was <176.6 micromol/L in groups A and B, and was >353 micromol/L in groups C and D. Patients in groups A and C were given 25 mg Zenapax (0.5 mg/kg) and MMF 0.75 g before operation, and those in groups B and D had only MMF of 0.75 g. All patients were given Pred, CsA and MMF after operation, and the rejection episodes, the time of acute rejection onset, the rate of rejection reversal and complications were analyzed in the time period of 6 months after operation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After the operation, 13 patients (14.4%) developed acute rejection in group A, 18 (24.6%) in group B, 6 (54.5%) in group C and 7 (53.8%) in group D (P<0.01). The incidence of acute rejection in group B was significantly lower than that in groups C and D groups (P<0.01), and the latter two groups had similar incidence. The time of acute rejection onset ranged from 3 to 9 days postoperatively (mean 6.2-/+3.2 days) in group A, significantly delayed as compared with that in group B (range 2-8 days, mean 4.7-/+3.1 days), group C (range 2-7 days, mean 4.3-/+4.2 days) and group D group (range 2-9 days, mean 3.9-/+3.5 days), but the time was similar between groups B, C, and D (P>0.05). All acute rejection cases in group A was reversed, and the rate of reversal was 88.9% (16/18) in group B, 83.3% in group C, and 71.4% in group D. No significant differences were noted in such complications as infection, vascular injuries or gastrointestinal reactions between the 4 groups (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Zenapax at the dose of 25 mg can safely decrease the risk of acute rejection in patients with good postoperative renal function recovery, but dose not seem effective in patients with delayed graft function recovery.</p>

[Determination of sophoramine by spectrofluorimetry].

OBJECTIVE: The fluorescence property of sophoramine was studied and a spectrofluorimetric method was established to determine the sophoramine content. METHOD: In 20% ethanol solution, with excitation wavelength at 394 nm and emission wavelength at 467 nm, the fluorescence intensity of sophoramine can be detected by the fluorophotometer. RESULT: Sophoramine content can be determined with external standard method by fluorophotometer. The linear relationship between fluorescence intensity and concentration is kept in the range of 10-200 microg x mL(-1). The regression equation is Int = 1.137C + 3.875. The recovery rate is 98%-102%. CONCLUSION: Utilizing the fluorescence character of sophoramine, its content can be determined fast and sensitively. The analysis is not interfered by the existing matrine and oxymatrine. The method has high selectivity and the results is satisfying.