Solvent-Activated Transformation of Polymer Configurations for Advancing the Interfacial Reliability of Perovskite Photovoltaics.

Organic materials have been widely used as the charge transport layers in perovskite solar cells due to their structural versatility and solution processability. However, their low surface energy usually causes unsatisfactory thin-film wettability in contact with the perovskite solution, which limits the interfacial performance of the photovoltaic devices. Although solvent post-treatment could occasionally regulate the wetting behavior of organic films, the mechanism of the solid-liquid interaction is still unclear. Here, we present evidence of a possible correlation between the solvent and the wettability of a conventional polymer, poly[bis(4-phenyl) (2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) amine] (PTAA), and reveal the critical roles of Hansen solubility parameters (HSPs) of solvents in wetting mechanisms. Our results suggest that the conventional solvent N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) improves the wettability of PTAA by the morphological disruption mechanism but negatively impacts interfacial charge collection and stability. In contrast, 2-methoxyethanol (2-Me) with an appropriate HSP value induces the transformation of the PTAA configuration in an orderly manner, which simultaneously improves the wetting property and maintains the film topography. After careful optimization of the surface conformation of the PTAA film, both perovskite crystallization and interfacial compatibility have been enhanced. Benefiting from superior interfacial properties, the perovskite solar cells based on 2-Me deliver a champion efficiency of 24.15% compared to 21.4% for DMF-based ones. More encouragingly, the use of 2-Me minimizes the perovskite buried interfacial defects, enabling the unencapsulated devices to maintain about 95% of their initial efficiencies after light illumination for 1100 h. The present study demonstrates the high effectiveness of solvent-polymer interaction for adjusting interfacial properties and strengthening the robustness of perovskite solar cells.

Phenotypic variation in hypocotyl elongation among elite sand rice (Agriophyllum squarrosum) lines.

Sand rice (Agriophyllum squarrosum), widely distributed in Central Arid Asia and prevalent in the sand dunes of northern China, presents a promising potential as a climate-resilient crop. The plasticity of hypocotyl growth is the key trait for sand rice to cope with wind erosion and sand burial, ensure seedling emergence, and determine plant architecture. In this study, we assessed the overall hypocotyl phenotype of six sand rice elite lines, which were collected from different regions of northern China, and selected by our group over past decade through common garden trials. Significant phenotypic variations were observed in thousand-seed weight (TSW), seedling emergence percentage, hypocotyl length and diameter, and seedling fresh weight among the lines. The elite line Aerxiang (AEX) exhibited excellent agronomic performance with superior and synchronous emergence, and high survival percentage, distinguishing itself as a prime candidate for further large-scale cultivation. Contrastingly, the lines from the arid regions showed markedly lower performance. Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLSPM) was used to assess the impact of seed provenance climate factors, including annual mean temperature (AMT) and annual mean precipitation (AMP), on trait variability among lines. The findings indicate a significant correlation between climate factors and hypocotyl length, highlighting the intricate adaptation of sand rice to local climate. The comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms behind phenotypic variations offers valuable insights for sand rice de novo domestication and innovative germplasm resources, and lays the foundation for ecological restoration in sandy areas.

Radiomics based on 18F-FDG PET/CT for prediction of pathological complete response to neoadjuvant therapy in non-small cell lung cancer.

Purpose: This study aimed to establish and evaluate the value of integrated models involving 18F-FDG PET/CT-based radiomics and clinicopathological information in the prediction of pathological complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: A total of 106 eligible NSCLC patients were included in the study. After volume of interest (VOI) segmentation, 2,016 PET-based and 2,016 CT-based radiomic features were extracted. To select an optimal machine learning model, a total of 25 models were constructed based on five sets of machine learning classifiers combined with five sets of predictive feature resources, including PET-based alone radiomics, CT-based alone radiomics, PET/CT-based radiomics, clinicopathological features, and PET/CT-based radiomics integrated with clinicopathological features. Area under the curves (AUCs) of receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were used as the main outcome to assess the model performance. Results: The hybrid PET/CT-derived radiomic model outperformed PET-alone and CT-alone radiomic models in the prediction of pCR to NAT. Moreover, addition of clinicopathological information further enhanced the predictive performance of PET/CT-derived radiomic model. Ultimately, the support vector machine (SVM)-based PET/CT radiomics combined clinicopathological information presented an optimal predictive efficacy with an AUC of 0.925 (95% CI 0.869-0.981) in the training cohort and an AUC of 0.863 (95% CI 0.740-0.985) in the test cohort. The developed nomogram involving radiomics and pathological type was suggested as a convenient tool to enable clinical application. Conclusions: The 18F-FDG PET/CT-based SVM radiomics integrated with clinicopathological information was an optimal model to non-invasively predict pCR to NAC for NSCLC.

Research progress on the correlation between intestinal flora and colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies in the world. With the rapid pace of life and changes in diet structure, the incidence and mortality of CRC increase year by year posing a serious threat to human health. As the most complex and largest microecosystem in the human body, intestinal microecology is closely related to CRC. It is an important factor that affects and participates in the occurrence and development of CRC. Advances in next-generation sequencing technology and metagenomics have provided new insights into the ecology of gut microbes. It also helps to link intestinal flora with CRC, and the relationship between intestinal flora and CRC can be continuously understood from different levels. This paper summarizes the relationship between intestinal flora and CRC and its potential role in the diagnosis of CRC providing evidence for early screening and treatment of CRC.

Recent advances in identifying protein targets of bioactive natural products.

Background: Natural products exhibit structural complexity, diversity, and historical therapeutic significance, boasting attractive functions and biological activities that have significantly influenced drug discovery endeavors. The identification of target proteins of active natural compounds is crucial for advancing novel drug innovation. Currently, methods for identifying targets of natural products can be categorized into labeling and label-free approaches based on whether the natural bioactive constituents are modified into active probes. In addition, there is a new avenue for rapidly exploring the targets of natural products based on their innate functions. Aim: This review aimed to summarize recent advancements in both labeling and label-free approaches to the identification of targets for natural products, as well as the novel target identification method based on the natural functions of natural products. Methods: We systematically collected relevant articles published in recent years from PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect, focusing on methods employed for identifying protein targets of bioactive natural products. Furthermore, we systematically summarized the principles, procedures, and successful cases, as well as the advantages and limitations of each method. Results: Labeling methods allow for the direct labeling of target proteins and the exclusion of indirectly targeted proteins. However, these methods are not suitable for studying post-modified compounds with abolished activity, chemically challenging synthesis, or trace amounts of natural active compounds. Label-free methods can be employed to identify targets of any natural active compounds, including trace amounts and multicomponent mixtures, but their reliability is not as high as labeling methods. The structural complementarity between natural products and their innate receptors significantly increase the opportunities for finding more promising structural analogues of the natural products, and natural products may interact with several structural analogues of receptors in humans. Conclusion: Each approach presents benefits and drawbacks. In practice, a combination of methods is employed to identify targets of natural products. And natural products' innate functions-based approach is a rapid and selective strategy for target identification. This review provides valuable references for future research in this field, offering insights into techniques and methodologies.

Synthesis of Carboxyl-Functionalized COFs with Alternate Stable ß-Ketoenamine and Benzimidazole Linkages: Unraveling Exceptional Solvent Effects for Efficient Uranium Separation.

The prevalent π-π interactions in 2D covalent organic frameworks (COFs) impart a certain flexibility to the structures, making the stacking of COF layers susceptible to external stimuli and introducing some structural disorder. Recent research indicates that the flexibility between COF layers and the associated disorder significantly influence their selective adsorption performance toward gas molecules. However, the adsorption process in a solution environment is more complex compared to gas-phase adsorption, involving interactions between adsorbents and adsorbates, as well as the solvation effects of flexible 2D COFs. Therefore, the inherent flexibility and disorder in 2D COFs under solution conditions and their impact on the adsorption performance of metal ions have not been observed yet. Herein, the synthesis of a novel carboxyl-functionalized COF featuring stable ß-ketoenamine and benzimidazole linkages, named DMTP-COOH, is presented. DMTP-COOH exhibits excellent selective adsorption capability for uranium, with significantly different adsorption capacities observed after treatment with different solvents. This notable difference in adsorption capacity is observed under varying pH, concentration, time, and even in the presence of multiple competing ions. This work represents the first observation of the significant impact of solvent soaking treatment on the selective adsorption performance of COFs for uranium under liquid conditions.

Genomic characterization of SNW-1, a novel prophage of the deep-sea vent chemolithoautotroph Sulfurimonas indica NW79.

The globally widespread genus Sulfurimonas are playing important roles in different habitats, including the deep-sea hydrothermal vents. However, phages infecting Sulfurimonas have never been isolated and characterized to date. In the present study, a novel prophage SNW-1 was identified from Sulfurimonas indica NW79. Whole genome sequencing resulted in a circular, double-stranded DNA molecule of 37,096 bp with a mol% G+C content of 37. The genome includes 64 putative open reading frames, 33 of which code for proteins with predicted functions. Presence of hallmark genes associated with Caudoviricetes and genes involved in lysis and lysogeny indicated that SNW-1 should be a temperate, tailed phage. Phylogenetic and comparative proteomic analyses suggested that Sulfurimonas phage SNW-1 was distinct from other double stranded DNA phages and might represent a new viral genus.

Sex disparities of the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality among patients living with tuberculosis in the United States.

Background: We aimed to determine the trend of TB-related deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: TB-related mortality data of decedents aged ≥25 years from 2006 to 2021 were analyzed. Excess deaths were estimated by determining the difference between observed and projected mortality rates during the pandemic. Results: A total of 18,628 TB-related deaths were documented from 2006 to 2021. TB-related age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) were 0.51 in 2020 and 0.52 in 2021, corresponding to an excess mortality of 10.22 and 9.19%, respectively. Female patients with TB demonstrated a higher relative increase in mortality (26.33 vs. 2.17% in 2020; 21.48 vs. 3.23% in 2021) when compared to male. Female aged 45-64 years old showed a surge in mortality, with an annual percent change (APC) of -2.2% pre-pandemic to 22.8% (95% CI: -1.7 to 68.7%) during the pandemic, corresponding to excess mortalities of 62.165 and 99.16% in 2020 and 2021, respectively; these excess mortality rates were higher than those observed in the overall female population ages 45-64 years in 2020 (17.53%) and 2021 (33.79%). Conclusion: The steady decline in TB-related mortality in the United States has been reversed by COVID-19. Female with TB were disproportionately affected by the pandemic.

Genomic variation induced by a low concentration of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) in quinoa 'Longli-4' variety.

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa, 2n = 4x = 36), a super pseudocereal crop, has been introduced into China nearly 60 years. Many excellent varieties have been developed through massive selection; however, few are developed through mutagenesis breeding. In this study, the 'Longli-4' variety, locally cultivated in Gansu province, Northwest China, was selected for experimentation. The grains of 'Longli-4' were treated with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) at a concentration of 0.8% for 8 h. Nine plants from independent M2 families were randomly selected to investigate the mutagenesis effect of EMS on the quinoa genome. The results indicated that the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) induced by EMS were unevenly distributed across all 18 chromosomes, with an average mutation frequency of 91.2 SNPs/Mb, ranging from 4.5 to 203.5 SNPs/Mb. A significant positive correlation between the number of SNPs and chromosome length was identified through linear model analysis. Transitions from G/C to A/T were the most predominated in all variant categories, accounting for 34.4-67.2% of the mutations, and SNPs were significantly enriched in intergenic regions, representing 69.2-75.1% of the total mutations. This study provides empirical support for the application of low concentration EMS treatment in quinoa breeding.

Porphyrin metabolism and carbon fixation response of Skeletonema costatum at different growth phases to mixed emerging PFASs at environmental concentrations.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), especially as emerging compounds, have been widely detected in coastal seawater. However, the awareness of the interaction between PFASs at environmental concentrations and marine diatoms is still limited. In this study, Skeletonema costatum was exposed to three co-existing PFASs, namely hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA), 6 : 2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (Cl-PFAES), and perfluoroethylcyclohexane sulfonate (PFECHS) (15-300 ng L-1 in total), for 14 days. In the 300 ng L-1 test group, the significant down-regulation of chlorophyllide a in porphyrin metabolism, light-harvesting capacity and carbon fixation were the main inhibitory mechanisms of photosynthesis by emerging PFASs at the 14th day compared to the 8th day, which indicated that they may have a shading effect on S. costatum. Additionally, mixed PFASs could also activate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase by up-regulating gene gp91 and down-regulating genes CaM4 and NDPK2 to generate excessive ROS. This resulted in a decrease in the algal biomass, which would further weaken the primary productivity of S. costatum. Our findings illustrated that mixed emerging PFASs at environmental concentrations may interfere with the carbon balance of marine diatoms.

Rab11b promotes M1-like macrophage polarization by restraining autophagic degradation of NLRP3 in alcohol-associated liver disease.

Macrophage polarization is vital to mounting a host defense or repairing tissue in various liver diseases. Excessive activation of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is related to the orchestration of inflammation and alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) pathology. Rab GTPases play critical roles in regulating vesicular transport. In this study we investigated the role of Rab11b in ALD, aiming to identify effective therapeutic targets. Here, we first demonstrated a decreased expression of Rab11b in macrophages from ALD mice. Knockdown of Rab11b by macrophage-specific adeno-associated virus can alleviate alcohol induced liver inflammation, injury and steatosis. We found that LPS and alcohol stimulation promoted Rab11b transferring from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) cells. Rab11b specifically activated the NLRP3 inflammasome in BMDMs and RAW264.7 cells to induce M1 macrophage polarization. Rab11b overexpression in BMDMs inhibited autophagic flux, leading to the suppression of LC3B-mediated NLRP3 degradation. We conclude that impaired Rab11b could alleviate alcohol-induced liver injury via autophagy-mediated NLRP3 degradation.

Differences in the pathogenicity and molecular characteristics of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 epidemic strains in Guangxi Province, southern China.

Starting in 2015, the widespread prevalence of hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome (HHS) has led to considerable financial losses within China's poultry farming industry. In this study, pathogenicity assessments, whole-genome sequencing, and analyses were conducted on 10 new isolates of the novel genotype FAdV-4 during a HHS outbreak in Guangxi Province, China, from 2019 to 2020. The results indicated that strains GX2019-010 to GX2019-013 and GX2019-015 to GX2019-018 were highly virulent, while strain GX2020-019 exhibited moderate virulence. Strain GX2019-014 was characterized as a wild-type strain with low virulence, displaying no pathogenic effects when 0.5 mL containing 106 TCID50 virus was inoculated into the muscle of specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens at 4 weeks of age, while 107 TCID50 and 108 TCID50 resulted in mortality rates of 80 and 100%, respectively. The whole genomes of strains GX2019-010 to GX2019-013, GX2019-015 to GX2019-018, and GX2020-019 showed high homology with other Chinese newly emerging highly pathogenic FAdV-4 strains, whereas GX2019-014 was closer to nonmutant strains and shared the same residues with known nonpathogenic strains (B1-7, KR5, and ON1) at positions 219AA and 380AA of the Fiber-2 protein. Our work enriches the research on prevalent strains of FAdV-4 in China, expands the knowledge on the virulence diversity of the novel genotype FAdV-4, and provides valuable reference material for further investigations into the key virulence-associated genetic loci of FAdV-4.

The Anti-Biofilm Properties of Phloretin and Its Analogs against Porphyromonas gingivalis and Its Complex Flora.

Porphyromonas gingivalis is crucial for the pathogenesis of periodontitis. This research investigated the effects of the fruit-derived flavonoid phloretin and its analogs on the growth of pure P. gingivalis and the flora of P. gingivalis mixed with the symbiotic oral pathogens Fusobacterium nucleatum and Streptococcus mitis. The results showed that the tested flavonoids had little effect on the biofilm amount of pure P. gingivalis, but significantly reduced the biofilm amount of mixed flora to 83.6~89.1%. Biofilm viability decreased to 86.7~92.8% in both the pure- and mixed-bacterial groups after naringenin and phloretin treatments. SEM showed that phloretin and phlorizin displayed a similar and remarkable destructive effect on P. gingivalis and the mixed biofilms. Transcriptome analysis confirmed that biofilm formation was inhibited by these flavonoids, and phloretin significantly regulated the transcription of quorum sensing. Phlorizin and phloretin reduced AI-2 activity to 45.9% and 55.4%, respectively, independent of the regulation of related gene transcription. This research marks the first finding that these flavonoids possess anti-biofilm properties against P. gingivalis and its intricate bacterial community, and the observed performance variations, driven by structural differences, underscore the existence of intriguing structure-activity relationships.

Simultaneous differential detection of H5, H7 and H9 subtypes of avian influenza viruses by a triplex fluorescence loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay.

H5, H7, and H9 are pivotal avian influenza virus (AIV) subtypes that cause substantial economic losses and pose potential threats to public health worldwide. In this study, a novel triplex fluorescence reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (TLAMP) assay was developed in which traditional LAMP techniques were combined with probes for detection. Through this innovative approach, H5, H7, and H9 subtypes of AIV can be simultaneously identified and differentiated, thereby offering crucial technical support for prevention and control efforts. Three primer sets and composite probes were designed based on conserved regions of the haemagglutinin gene for each subtype. The probes were labelled with distinct fluorophores at their 3' ends, which were detached to release the fluorescence signal during the amplification process. The detection results were interpreted based on the colour of the TLAMP products. Then, the reaction conditions were optimized, and three primer sets and probes were combined in the same reaction system, resulting in a TLAMP detection assay for the differential diagnosis of AIV subtypes. Sensitivity testing with in vitro-transcribed RNA revealed that the detection limit of the TLAMP assay was 205 copies per reaction for H5, 360 copies for H7, and 545 copies for H9. The TLAMP assay demonstrated excellent specificity, no cross-reactivity with related avian viruses, and 100% consistency with a previously published quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay. Therefore, due to its simplicity, rapidity, sensitivity, and specificity, this TLAMP assay is suitable for epidemiological investigations and is a valuable tool for detecting and distinguishing H5, H7, and H9 subtypes of AIV in clinical samples.

Study on the Determination of Flavor Value of Rice Based on Grid Iterative Search Swarm Optimization Support Vector Machine Model and Hyperspectral Imaging.

In the field of rice processing and cultivation, it is crucial to adopt efficient, rapid and user-friendly techniques to detect the flavor values of various rice varieties. The conventional methods for flavor value assessment mainly rely on chemical analysis and technical evaluation, which not only deplete the rice resources but also incur significant time and labor costs. In this study, hyperspectral imaging technology was utilized in combination with an improved Particle Swarm Optimization Support Vector Machine (PSO-SVM) algorithm, i.e., the Grid Iterative Search Particle Swarm Optimization Support Vector Machine (GISPSO-SVM) algorithm, introducing a new non-destructive technique to determine the flavor value of rice. The method captures the hyperspectral feature data of different rice varieties through image acquisition, preprocessing and feature extraction, and then uses these features to train a model using an optimized machine learning algorithm. The results show that the introduction of GIS algorithms in a PSO-optimized SVM is very effective and can improve the parameter finding ability. In terms of flavor value prediction accuracy, the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) combined with the GISPSO-SVM algorithm achieved 96% accuracy, which was higher than the 93% of the Competitive Adaptive Weighted Sampling (CARS) algorithm. And the introduction of the GIS algorithm in different feature selection can improve the accuracy to different degrees. This novel approach helps to evaluate the flavor values of new rice varieties non-destructively and provides a new perspective for future rice flavor value detection methods.

Comparative Analysis of Viral Load and Cytokines during SARS-CoV-2 Infection between Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Women.

To better understand the vulnerabilities of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic, we conducted a comprehensive, retrospective cohort study to assess differences in immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection between pregnant and non-pregnant women. Nasopharyngeal swabs and serum specimens from 90 pregnant and 278 age-matched non-pregnant women were collected from 15 March 2020 to 23 July 2021 at NewYork-Presbyterian Queens Hospital in New York City. Multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, neutralizing antibody, and cytokine array assays were used to assess the incidence, viral load, antibody titers and profiles, and examine cytokine expression patterns. Our results show a lower incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women compared with non-pregnant women. Pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 exhibited a substantially lower viral load. In addition, the levels of both anti-spike protein receptor-binding domain IgG neutralizing antibodies and anti-N Protein IgG were elevated in pregnant women. Finally, cytokine profiling revealed differential expression of leptin across cohorts. These findings suggest that pregnancy is associated with distinct immune and virological responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection, characterized by lower infection rates, substantially lower viral loads, and enhanced antibody production. Differential cytokine expression indicates unique immune modulation in pregnant women.

In situ Blending For Co-Deposition of Electron Transport and Perovskite Layers Enables Over 24% Efficiency Stable Inverted Solar Cells.

Simplifying the manufacturing processes of multilayered high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is yet of vital importance for their cost-effective production. Herein, an in situ blending strategy is presented for co-deposition of electron transport layer (ETL) and perovskite absorber by incorporating (3-(7-butyl-1,3,6,8-tetraoxo-3,6,7,8-tetrahydrobenzo- [lmn][3,8]phenanthrolin-2(1H)-yl)propyl)phosphonic acid (NDP) into the perovskite precursor solutions. The phosphonic acid-like anchoring group coupled with its large molecular size drives the migration of NDP toward indium tin oxide (ITO) surface to form a distinct ETL during perovskite film forming. This strategy circumvents the critical wetting issue and simultaneously improves the interfacial charge collection efficiencies. Consequently, n-i-p PSCs based on in situ blended NDP achieve a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.01%, which is one of the highest values for PSCs using organic ETLs. This performance is notably higher than that of ETL-free (21.19%) and independently spin-coated (21.42%) counterparts. More encouragingly, the in situ blending strategy dramatically enhances the device stability under harsh conditions by retaining over 90% of initial efficiencies after 250 h in 100 °C or 65% humidity storage. Moreover, this strategy is universally adaptable to various perovskite compositions, device architectures, and electron transport materials (ETMs), showing great potential for applications in diverse optoelectronic devices.

Unveiling Energy Conversion Mechanisms and Regulation Strategies in Perovskite Solar Cells.

Despite recent revolutionary advancements in photovoltaic (PV) technology, further improving cell efficiencies toward their Shockley-Queisser (SQ) limits remains challenging due to inherent optical, electrical, and thermal losses. Currently, most research focuses on improving optical and electrical performance through maximizing spectral utilization and suppressing carrier recombination losses, while there is a serious lack of effective opto-electro-thermal coupled management, which, however, is crucial for further improving PV performance and the practical application of PV devices. In this article, the energy conversion and loss processes of a PV device (with a specific focus on perovskite solar cells) are detailed under both steady-state and transient processes through rigorous opto-electro-thermal coupling simulation. By innovatively coupling multi-physical behaviors of photon management, carrier/ion transport, and thermodynamics, it meticulously quantifies and analyzes energy losses across optical, electrical, and thermal domains, identifies heat components amenable to regulation, and proposes specific regulatory means, evaluates their impact on device efficiency and operating temperature, offering valuable insights to advance PV technology for practical applications.

Recent advances and prospects of constructed wetlands in cold climates: a review from 2013 to 2023.

Constructed wetland (CW), a promising, environmentally responsible, and effective green ecological treatment technology, is actively involved in the treatment of various forms of wastewater. Low temperatures will, however, lead to issues including plant dormancy, decreased microbial activity, and ice formation in CWs, which will influence how well CWs process wastewater. Applying CWs successfully and continuously in cold areas is extremely difficult. Therefore, it is crucial to find solutions for the pressing issue of increasing the CWs' ability to process wastewater at low temperatures. This review focuses on the effect of cold climate on CWs (plants, substrates, microorganisms, removal effect of pollutants). It meticulously outlines current strategies to enhance CWs' performance under low-temperature conditions, including modifications for the improvement and optimization of the internal components (i.e., plant and substrate selection, bio-augmentation) and enhancement of the external operation conditions of CWs (such as process combination, effluent recirculation, aeration, heat preservation, and operation parameter optimization). Finally, future perspectives on potential research directions and technological innovations that could strengthen CWs' performance in cold climates are prospected. This review aims to contribute valuable insights into the operation strategies, widespread implementation, and subsequent study of CWs in colder climate regions.