Eugenia uniflora: a promising natural alternative against multidrug-resistant bacteria.

This work aimed to evaluate the chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities from crude extract and fractions from leaves of Eugenia uniflora Linn. The crude extract was obtained by turbo extraction and their fractions by partitioning. Chromatographic analysis were performed, and the antioxidant capacity was verified by two methods (DPPH• and ABTS•+). The Minimal Inhibitory/Bactericidal Concentration were conducted against twenty-two bacteria, selecting five strains susceptible to extract/fractions and resistant to the antibiotics tested. Ampicillin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin were associated with Ethyl Acetate Fraction (EAF) against multidrug-resistant strains in modulatory and checkerboard tests. The chromatographic data showed gallic acid, ellagic acid, and myricitrin in crude extract, with enrichment in the EAF. The electron transfer activity demonstrated in the antioxidant tests is related to the presence of flavonoids. The Gram-positive strains were more susceptible to EAF, and their action spectra were improved by association, comprising Gram-negative bacilli. Synergisms were observed to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa colistin-resistant. The results demonstrate that the extract and enriched fraction obtained from the leaves of E. uniflora act as a promising natural alternative against multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Eugenia uniflora: a promising natural alternative against multidrug-resistant bacteria / Eugenia uniflora: uma alternativa natural promissora contra bactérias multirresistentes

This work aimed to evaluate the chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities from crude extract and fractions from leaves of Eugenia uniflora Linn. The crude extract was obtained by turbo extraction and their fractions by partitioning. Chromatographic analysis were performed, and the antioxidant capacity was verified by two methods (DPPH• and ABTS•+). The Minimal Inhibitory/Bactericidal Concentration were conducted against twenty-two bacteria, selecting five strains susceptible to extract/fractions and resistant to the antibiotics tested. Ampicillin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin were associated with Ethyl Acetate Fraction (EAF) against multidrug-resistant strains in modulatory and checkerboard tests. The chromatographic data showed gallic acid, ellagic acid, and myricitrin in crude extract, with enrichment in the EAF. The electron transfer activity demonstrated in the antioxidant tests is related to the presence of flavonoids. The Gram-positive strains were more susceptible to EAF, and their action spectra were improved by association, comprising Gram-negative bacilli. Synergisms were observed to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa colistin-resistant. The results demonstrate that the extract and enriched fraction obtained from the leaves of E. uniflora act as a promising natural alternative against multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a composição química, as atividades antioxidantes e antimicrobianas do extrato bruto e frações de folhas de Eugenia uniflora Linn. O extrato bruto foi obtido por turbólise e suas frações por partição. Foram realizadas análises cromatográficas e a capacidade antioxidante foi verificada por dois métodos (DPPH• e ABTS•+). A Concentração Inibitória/Bactericida Mínima foi realizada contra vinte e duas bactérias, selecionando cinco cepas suscetíveis a extração/frações e resistentes aos antibióticos testados. Ampicilina, azitromicina, ciprofloxacina e gentamicina foram associados à Fração Acetato de Etila (FAE) contra cepas multirresistentes em testes modulatórios e de checkboard. Os dados cromatográficos mostraram ácido gálico, ácido elágico e miricitrina em extrato bruto, com enriquecimento na FAE. A atividade de transferência de elétrons demonstrada nos testes antioxidantes está relacionada com a presença de flavonoides. As cepas de Gram-positivas foram mais suscetíveis à FAE, e seus espectros de ação foram melhorados por associação, compreendendo bacilos Gram-negativos. Foram observados sinergismos de ciprofloxacina e gentamicina contra Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistente à colistina. Os resultados demonstram que o extrato e a fração enriquecida obtida das folhas de E. uniflora atuam como uma alternativa natural promissora contra bactérias multirresistentes.

Simple bone cyst: description of 60 cases seen at a Brazilian School of Dentistry and review of international literature.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to describe the relative frequency and the main demographic and clinic-radiographic features related to patients diagnosed with Simple bone cyst (SBC) in an Oral Diagnosis Service in Southeast Brazil and present a review and discussion of international literature on this topic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: SBC cases from our service encompassing the period between 1978 and 2017 were selected. In addition, a literature search was performed in the Pubmed/MEDLINE online electronic database published between 1951 and 2019. RESULTS: A total of 2,459 cystic lesions were documented in our service, thus 60 patients were diagnosed with the SBC representing 2.4% of all jaw cystic. Most of cases were asymptomatic. Multiple SBC lesions were seen in two patients (3.4%) and association with cemento-osseous dysplasia was seen in one female patient (1.7%). A total of 793 cases were enrolled in this literature review. CONCLUSIONS: The SBC is an asymptomatic lesion often discovered in routine image exams in young patients. The unilocular, well defined margin with scalloped appearance is characteristic and helps the definition of diagnosis. This review suggests a different epidemiologic trend concerning to the sex and it confirms the posterior region of mandible as the more frequent location. The conservative treatment with limited exploration and curettage remains as the gold-standard treatment.

Degradation of organic contaminants in effluents-synthetic and from the textile industry-by Fenton, photocatalysis, and H2O2 photolysis.

In this study, the oxidation of the dye rhodamine B (RhB), present in a synthetic effluent, and the degradation of organic matter present in a textile effluent, were assessed by photolysis (H2O2, UV), homogeneous Fenton (Fe2+, H2O2), and photocatalysis (TiO2, UV). The results showed that photolysis and Fenton had an efficiency of 100 % and photocatalysis, 96 %, to discoloration 10 mg L-1 RhB, present in the synthetic effluent. The best experimental conditions determined for these reactions showed that the one performed with 51 mg L-1 H2O2 and UV light had the best results, where 100 % of RhB was discolored in only 6 min of reaction. The optimum conditions determined in the first part of this study for the RhB oxidation did not show satisfactory results for the degradation of organic matter present in the textile effluent sample, and it was necessary to increase the amount of reagents in the three processes. After resizing the concentration of the reagents for the reactions with the textile effluent, the following reductions of color, total organic carbon (TOC), and total soluble solids (SS) were obtained: photocatalysis 29, 25, and 32 %; photolysis 85, 69, and 35 %; Fenton 98, 90, and 23 %; and biological (followed by physicochemical) treatment carried out by the textile industry 96, 48, and 9 %. It is observed that the Fenton reaction showed the best result, followed by photolysis reaction, a treatment carried out by industry and, at last, photocatalysis.

Influence of host diet and phylogeny on parasite sharing by fish in a diverse tropical floodplain.

The patterns of parasite sharing among hosts have important implications for ecosystem structure and functioning, and are influenced by several ecological and evolutionary factors associated with both hosts and parasites. Here we evaluated the influence of fish diet and phylogenetic relatedness on the pattern of infection by parasites with contrasting life history strategies in a freshwater ecosystem of key ecological importance in South America. The studied network of interactions included 52 fish species, which consumed 58 food types and were infected with 303 parasite taxa. Our results show that both diet and evolutionary history of hosts significantly explained parasite sharing; phylogenetically close fish species and/or species sharing food types tend to share more parasites. However, the effect of diet was observed only for endoparasites in contrast to ectoparasites. These results are consistent with the different life history strategies and selective pressures imposed on these groups: endoparasites are in general acquired via ingestion by their intermediate hosts, whereas ectoparasites actively seek and attach to the gills, body surface or nostrils of its sole host, thus not depending directly on its feeding habits.

Acute and subacute toxicity of Schinus terebinthifolius bark extract.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Anacardiaceae) has long been used in traditional Brazilian medicine, especially to treat inflammatory and haemostatic diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY: The objective of this study was to evaluate the acute and subacute toxicity (45 days) of Schinus terebinthifolius via the oral route in Wistar rats of both sexes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For the acute toxicity test, the dried extract of Schinus terebinthifolius bark was administered in doses from 0.625 to 5.0 g/kg (n=5/group/sex) and in the subacute toxicity test the following doses were used: 0.25, 0.625 and 1.5625 g/kg/day (n=13/group/sex), for 45 consecutive days. RESULTS: In the acute toxicity test, Schinus terebinthifolius did not produce any toxic signs or deaths. The subacute treatment with Schinus terebinthifolius did not alter either the body weight gain or the food and water consumption. The hematological and biochemical analysis did not show significant differences in any of the parameters examined in female or male groups, except in two male groups, in which the treatment with Schinus terebinthifolius (0.25 and 0.625 g/kg) induced an increase of mean corpuscular volume values (2.9 and 2.6%, respectively). These variations are within the physiological limits described for the specie and does not have clinical relevance. CONCLUSION: The acute and subacute administration of the dried extract of Schinus terebinthifolius bark did not produced toxic effects in Wistar rats.

Esporotricose - inquerito epidemiologico Importancia como doenca profissional. / Sporotrichosis - epidemiologic survey.Importance as a professional disease

O objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer a extensao da infeccao esporotricotica em areas urbanas e rurais, bem como sua importancia como doenca profissional. Foram estudados 100 pacientes sem historia de esporotricose, divididos equitativamente em quatro grupos, segundo local de moradia e atividades profissionais. Todos os individuos foram submetidos a teste intradermico com esporotricina. Ficou demonstrada a existencia de esporotricose infeccao em 37 pacientes, pela presenca de testes positivos em pacientes sem relato previo de doenca. O maior indice de positividade se concentrou em pacientes de sexo masculino e de idade avancada. Os resultados permitem valorizar a esporotricose como doenca profissional e ressaltam a importancia da difusao de metodos preventivos