Ultralow-Frequency Tip-Enhanced Raman Scattering Discovers Nanoscale Radial Breathing Mode on Strained 2D Semiconductors.

Collective excitations including plasmons, magnons, and layer-breathing vibration modes emerge at an ultralow frequency (<1 THz) and are crucial for understanding van der Waals materials. Strain at the nanoscale can drastically change the property of van der Waals materials and create localized states like quantum emitters. However, it remains unclear how nanoscale strain changes collective excitations. Herein, ultralow-frequency tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) with sub-10 nm resolution under ambient conditions is developed to explore the localized collective excitation on monolayer semiconductors with nanoscale strains. A new vibrational mode is discovered at around 12 cm-1 (0.36 THz) on monolayer MoSe2 nanobubbles and it is identified as the radial breathing mode (RBM) of the curved monolayer. The correlation is determined between the RBM frequency and the strain by simultaneously performing deterministic nanoindentation and TERS measurement on monolayer MoSe2. The generality of the RBM in nanoscale curved monolayer WSe2 and bilayer MoSe2 is demonstrated. Using the RBM frequency, the strain of the monolayer MoSe2 on the nanoscale can be mapped. Such an ultralow-frequency vibration from curved van der Waals materials provides a new approach to study nanoscale strains and points to more localized collective excitations to be discovered at the nanoscale.

Investigating the role of membrane lipid composition differences on spray drying survival in Lactobacillus bulgaricus using non-targeted Lipidomics.

The cell membrane, consisting of a phospholipid bilayer, is an important defense system of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) against adverse conditions. However, this membrane gets damaged during the process of spray drying of LAB into powder. In this study, two strains of Lactobacillus bulgaricus L9-7 and L4-2-12 with significantly different survival rates of about 22.49% and 0.43% after spray drying were explored at the cell membrane level. A total of 65 significantly different lipid species were screened from the cell membranes of two strains, with cardiolipin (CL) 15:1_22:6_24:0_28:0 being the crucial lipid species affecting membrane resistance. Finally, the KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that glycerophospholipid metabolism was the most predominant pathway, and eleven lipid species were annotated, including CL. Overall, this paper provides valuable insights into enhancing the heat tolerance of LAB.

Estimation of Genotype by Environmental Interaction for Litter Traits by Reaction Norm Model in Taiwan Landrace Sows.

The negative effects of heat stress on swine reproduction have been well documented and the recent global warming trend caused by climate change is leading to more days with high temperatures every year. This has caused a reduction in litter trait performance of Landrace sows in Taiwan, a country extending across tropical and subtropical oceanic zones. Therefore, this study developed a modified model to determine which stages of pregnancy, before, early, middle, and late, had the largest impacts of heat stress on litter traits. A reaction norm model (RNM) was used to identify sows with high resilience to heat stress for litter traits followed by analysis of the modified model. Data from Landrace sows were collected from two farms in Taiwan between 2008 and 2021. A total of 11,059 records were collected for total number born (TNB), number born alive (NBA), and stillborn rate (STBR). The results showed that the heritabilities of TNB, NBA, and STBR were 0.170, 0.115, and 0.077, respectively. These results were similar between the conventional model and the modified model. In the modified model, the before and early stages of sow pregnancy were the significant periods for TNB and NBA (p<0.05), while the early and middle stages were significant for STBR (p<0.05). According to the RNM results, the heritability estimates for TNB, NBA, and STBR were 0.23-0.11, 0.18-0.08, and 0.10-0.04, respectively, showing a decrease from low temperature-humidity index (THI) to high THI. The minimum genetic correlations between the highest and the lowest THI for TNB, NBA, and STBR were 0.85, 0.64, and 0.80, respectively. The results of the RNM for breeding value showed re-ranking across THI values. In conclusion, similar results were obtained for heritability when the model was modified for heat stress estimation. Yet re-ranking of breeding values across THI could help farmers to select not only for improved litter trait performance but also for heat stress resilience of Landrace sows in Taiwan.

Heterozygous Variants in KCNJ10 Cause Paroxysmal Kinesigenic Dyskinesia Via Haploinsufficiency.

OBJECTIVE: Most paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) cases are hereditary, yet approximately 60% of patients remain genetically undiagnosed. We undertook the present study to uncover the genetic basis for undiagnosed PKD patients. METHODS: Whole-exome sequencing was performed for 106 PRRT2-negative PKD probands. The functional impact of the genetic variants was investigated in HEK293T cells and Drosophila. RESULTS: Heterozygous variants in KCNJ10 were identified in 11 individuals from 8 unrelated families, which accounted for 7.5% (8/106) of the PRRT2-negative probands. Both co-segregation of the identified variants and the significantly higher frequency of rare KCNJ10 variants in PKD cases supported impacts from the detected KCNJ10 heterozygous variants on PKD pathogenesis. Moreover, a KCNJ10 mutation-carrying father from a typical EAST/SeSAME family was identified as a PKD patient. All patients manifested dystonia attacks triggered by sudden movement with a short episodic duration. Patch-clamp recordings in HEK293T cells revealed apparent reductions in K+ currents of the patient-derived variants, indicating a loss-of-function. In Drosophila, milder hyperexcitability phenotypes were observed in heterozygous Irk2 knock-in flies compared to homozygotes, supporting haploinsufficiency as the mechanism for the detected heterozygous variants. Electrophysiological recordings showed that excitatory neurons in Irk2 haploinsufficiency flies exhibited increased excitability, and glia-specific complementation with human Kir4.1 rescued the Irk2 mutant phenotypes. INTERPRETATION: Our study established haploinsufficiency resulting from heterozygous variants in KCNJ10 can be understood as a previously unrecognized genetic cause for PKD and provided evidence of glial involvement in the pathophysiology of PKD. ANN NEUROL 2024.

Higher tumor mutational burden is associated with inferior outcomes among pediatric patients with neuroblastoma.

INTRODUCTION: Neuroblastoma is a pediatric malignancy with heterogeneous clinical outcomes. Our aim was to identify prognostic genetic markers for patients with neuroblastoma, who were treated with the Taiwan Pediatric Oncology Group (TPOG) neuroblastoma N2002 protocol, to improve risk stratification and inform treatment. METHODS: Our analysis was based on 53 primary neuroblastoma specimens, diagnosed pre-chemotherapy, and 11 paired tumor relapse specimens. Deep sequencing of 113 target genes was performed using a custom panel. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification was performed to identify clinical outcomes related to copy-number variations. RESULTS: We identified 128 variations associated with survival, with the number of variations being higher in the relapse than that in the diagnostic specimen (p = .03). The risk of event and mortality was higher among patients with a tumor mutational burden ≥10 than that in patients with a lower burden (p < .0001). Multivariate analysis identified tumor mutational burden, MYCN amplification, and chromosome 3p deletion as significant prognostic factors, independent of age at diagnosis, sex, and tumor stage. The 5-year event-free survival and overall survival rate was lower among patients with high tumor burden than in patients with low tumor burden. Furthermore, there was no survival of patients with an ALK F1147L variation at 5 years after diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Genome sequencing to determine the tumor mutational burden and ALK variations can improve the risk classification of neuroblastoma and inform treatment.

Milk serum peptidomics revealed the age gelation of direct UHT milk.

Age gelation is undesirable for direct UHT (dUHT) milk, which is closely related to protein hydrolysis. However, little information is available for the role of serum peptides during the age gelation. In this study, the composition and protein morphology of serum phase were characterized by RP-HPLC, ICP-MS and TEM. The results showed significant increases in soluble proteins, free amino acids, calcium, and phosphorus from casein micelles, indicating protein hydrolysis and peptide release into the serum phase. 23,466 peptides derived from caseins and other proteins were identified in serum phase by peptidomics. The serum peptide profiles of age gelation milk changed dramatically. Peptide fingerprinting revealed that plasmin and cathepsin contributed to the protein hydrolysis during age gelation, with a significant increase in their activity observed. 23 characteristic peptides were ultimately selected as potential indicators for age gelation. These findings provide new insights into the age gelation of UHT milk.

Punicalagin Restricts Growth, Promotes Apoptosis, and Reduces Invasion in Human Gastric Cancer Cells.

This research investigated the anticancer properties of punicalagin, a prominent bioactive polyphenol extracted from Punica granatum L, in human gastric cancer cell lines. Normal and gastric cancer cells were exposed to different doses of punicalagin for various durations. Punicalagin exhibited cytotoxic effects on gastric cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent fashion, while sparing normal gastric epithelial cells. It is noteworthy that among the 3 gastric cancer cells, HGC-27 cells were more resistant to punicalagin than 23,132/87 and AGS cells. Furthermore, punicalagin triggered apoptosis in gastric cancer cells, evidenced by a rise in both early and late apoptotic cell percentages. Western blot analysis further revealed that punicalagin elevated the levels of activated caspase-3. Conversely, punicalagin curtailed cell invasion and reduced the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, Snail, and Slug. From a mechanistic standpoint, Western blotting indicated that punicalagin might inhibit the Erk and NF-κB pathways, leading to apoptosis induction and the inhibition of cell invasion in gastric cancer cells. These results indicate that punicalagin promotes apoptosis and inhibits cell invasion in gastric cancer cells by activating caspase-3 and suppressing MMP-2, MMP-9, Snail, and Slug through the inhibition of the Erk and NF-κB pathways.

Analytical performance evaluation of hemoglobin A1c on an ARKRAY HA-8160 analyzer with newly-developed mobile phase buffer.

Background: Most glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) analytical reagents used were obtained from the analyzer's manufacturer. However, clinical laboratories need more choices for HbA1c analytical reagents to overcome the limitations of dedicated reagents for special analyzers. We developed new mobile phase buffers as HbA1c diagnostic reagents and evaluated their analytical performance for the HbA1c assay. Methods: Different mobile phase buffers used as HbA1c diagnostic reagents were prepared using different concentrations of sodium salts. According to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) recommendation guidelines, the analytical performances of the newly developed mobile phase buffers were evaluated on an ARKRAY HA-8160 Analyzer. Both quality controls and clinical blood samples were used in these experiments. To assess the quality of the newly developed mobile phase buffers, precision, accuracy, linearity, carryover, interference, bias, correlation with commercial reagents, and stability were analyzed. Results: The CVs of intra-assay precision and interassay precision of quality control and clinical.There were fewer than 1.00 % blood sample assays using the newly developed mobile phase buffer. The RDs of accuracy were less than 1.00 %. Linearity: R2 = 0.9998 in the concentration range of 4.40%-17.30 %. Carryover: 0.00 %. Reagent comparison revealed that the Pearson regression equation was Y = 0.9884x+0.05692 (R2 = 0.9977), and the Bland-Altman mean difference was -0.02650 % (CI: -0.2121 %-0.1591 %) between the two analytical reagents. Stability was also acceptable within 12 months. This mobile phase buffer showed good anti-interference ability. Conclusion: The newly developed mobile phase buffers demonstrated good analytical performance and were suitable for clinical HbA1c assays on an ARKRAY HA-8160 Analyzer.

Is Staged Surgery Always Necessary for Schatzker Type IV-VI Tibial Plateau Fractures? A Comparison Study.

AIMS: This study aims to compare the outcomes of immediate (followed by closed-incision negative-pressure therapy use) versus delayed ORIF in patients with Schatzker type IV-VI TPFs. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective study of patients undergoing ORIF between January 2018 and December 2019 was performed. The inclusion criteria were patients (>18 years) with a closed fracture sent to the emergency room (ER) within 24 h of injury. All the patients underwent preoperative image evaluation. Two senior orthopedic trauma surgeons evaluated the soft tissue condition in the ER by 5P's of the compartment syndrome, judging the timing of the operation of definitive ORIF. Group 1 (n = 16) received delayed ORIF. Group 2 (n = 16) received immediate ORIF and ciNPT use. Patient follow-up occurred after 2 and 6 weeks and 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. The assessments included the time to definitive fixation, the length of hospital stay, the time to bone union, surgical site complications, and reoperation within 12 months. A universal goniometer was used to measure the postoperative 3 m, 6 m, and 12 m ROM. RESULTS: The patient demographics were similar between the groups (p > 0.05). Group 2 displayed significantly a shorter time to definitive fixation (5.94 ± 2.02 vs. 0.61 ± 0.28, p < 0.0001) and hospital stay (14.90 ± 8/78 vs. 10.30 ± 6.78, p = 0.0016). No significant difference was observed in the time to bone union, surgical site complication incidence, and reoperation rates (p > 0.05). Flexion and flexion-extension knee ROM were demonstrated to be significantly improved in Group 2, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, early ORIF and ciNPT use resulted in a shorter hospital length of stay, a reduced time to early active motion of the knee, and improved knee ROM. These results suggest that early ORIF with ciNPT for Schatzker type IV-VI TPFs is safe and effective in some patients. However, further research to confirm these findings across larger and more diverse populations is needed.

Measuring treatment burden in people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM): a mixed-methods systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Measuring treatment burden is important for the effective management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) care. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify the most robust approach for measuring treatment burden in people with T2DM based on existing evidence. METHODS: Articles from seven databases were retrieved. Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods studies examining treatment burden in adults with T2DM and/or reporting relevant experiences were included. A convergent segregated approach with a mixed-methods design of systematic review was employed, creating a measurement framework in a narrative review for consistent critical appraisal. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool. The measurement properties of the instruments were evaluated using the Consensus based Standards for selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist. RESULTS: A total of 21,584 records were screened, and 26 articles were included, comprising 11 quantitative, 11 qualitative, and 4 mixed-methods studies. A thematic analysis of qualitative data extracted from the included articles summarised a measurement framework encompassing seven core and six associated measurements. The core measurements, including financial, medication, administrative, lifestyle, healthcare, time/travel, and medical information burdens, directly reflect the constructs pertinent to the treatment burden of T2DM. In contrast, the associated measurement themes do not directly reflect the burdens or are less substantiated by current evidence. The results of the COSMIN checklist evaluation demonstrated that the Patient Experience with Treatment and Self-management (PETS), Treatment Burden Questionnaire (TBQ), and Multimorbidity Treatment Burden Questionnaire (MTBQ) have robust instrument development processes. These three instruments, with the highest total counts combining the number of themes covered and "positive" ratings in COSMIN evaluation, were in the top tertile stratification, demonstrating superior applicability for measuring T2DM treatment burden. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review provides evidence for the currently superior option of measuring treatment burden in people with T2DM. It also revealed that most current research was conducted in well-resourced institutions, potentially overlooking variability in under-resourced settings.

Cep57 regulates human centrosomes through multivalent interactions.

Human Cep57 is a coiled-coil scaffold at the pericentriolar matrix (PCM), controlling centriole duplication and centrosome maturation for faithful cell division. Genetic truncation mutations of Cep57 are associated with the mosaic-variegated aneuploidy (MVA) syndrome. During interphase, Cep57 forms a complex with Cep63 and Cep152, serving as regulators for centrosome maturation. However, the molecular interplay of Cep57 with these essential scaffolding proteins remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that Cep57 undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) driven by three critical domains (NTD, CTD, and polybasic LMN). In vitro Cep57 condensates catalyze microtubule nucleation via the LMN motif-mediated tubulin concentration. In cells, the LMN motif is required for centrosomal microtubule aster formation. Moreover, Cep63 restricts Cep57 assembly, expansion, and microtubule polymerization activity. Overexpression of competitive constructs for multivalent interactions, including an MVA mutation, leads to excessive centrosome duplication. In Cep57-depleted cells, self-assembly mutants failed to rescue centriole disengagement and PCM disorganization. Thus, Cep57's multivalent interactions are pivotal for maintaining the accurate structural and functional integrity of human centrosomes.

Meliasanines A-L, tirucallane-type triterpenoids from Melia toosendan with anti-inflammatory properties via NF-κB signaling pathway.

Meliasanines A-L, twelve previously unreported tirucallane-type triterpenoids, together with fifteen known ones, have been isolated from the stem bark of Melia toosendan. Their structures and absolute configurations were determined based on HRESIMS, and NMR, combined with calculated ECD and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Subsequently, all compounds except 10 were evaluated for their inhibitory effect on the production of nitric oxide induced by lipopolysaccharide in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. The results indicated that seven compounds (1, 13, 14, 16, 20, 22, and 23) exhibited significant NO inhibitory effects, with IC50 values ranging from 1.35 to 5.93 µM, which were more effective than the positive control indomethacin (IC50 = 13.18 µM). Moreover, the corresponding results of Western blot analysis revealed that meliasanine A (1) can significantly suppress the protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase 2 in a concentration-dependent manner. The mechanism study suggested that meliasanine A exerts an anti-inflammatory effect via the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway by suppressing phosphorylation of P65 and IκBα.

Epigallocatechin gallate protects MC3T3-E1 cells from cadmium-induced apoptosis and dysfunction via modulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways.

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), an active constituent of tea, is recognized for its anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the specific mechanism by which EGCG protects osteoblasts from cadmium-induced damage remains incompletely understood. Here, the action of EGCG was investigated by exposing MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts to EGCG and CdCl2 and examining their growth, apoptosis, and differentiation. It was found that EGCG promoted the viability of cadmium-exposed MC3T3-E1 cells, mitigated apoptosis, and promoted both maturation and mineralization. Additionally, CdCl2 has been reported to inhibit both the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1(Nrf2/HO-1) signaling pathways. EGCG treatment attenuated cadmium-induced apoptosis in osteoblasts and restored their function by upregulating both signaling pathways. The findings provide compelling evidence for EGCG's role in attenuating cadmium-induced osteoblast apoptosis and dysfunction through activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways. This suggests the potential of using EGCG for treating cadmium-induced osteoblast dysfunction.

Broadband chaos of an interband cascade laser with a 6-GHz bandwidth.

Near-infrared semiconductor lasers subject to optical feedback usually produce chaos with a broad bandwidth of a few GHz. However, the reported mid-infrared interband cascade lasers (ICLs) only show chaos with a limited bandwidth below 1 GHz. Here we show that an ICL with optical feedback is able to generate broadband chaos as well. The mid-infrared chaos exhibits a remarkable bandwidth of about 6 GHz, which is comparable to that of the near-infrared counterpart. In addition, the spectral coverage in the electrical domain reaches as high as 17.7 GHz. It is found that the chaos bandwidth generally broadens with increasing feedback ratio and/or increasing pump current of the laser, while it is insensitive to the feedback length.

Nonlinear dynamics of an interband cascade laser with optical injection.

This work reports the nonlinear dynamics of a mid-infrared interband cascade laser (ICL) subject to optical injection. It is shown that the stable locking regime is asymmetric and broadens with increasing injection strength. Outside the locking regime, the ICL mostly produces period-one oscillations. However, three categories of periodic pulse oscillations are observed in the vicinity of the Hopf bifurcation and the saddle-node bifurcation. In particular, it is found that the ICL generates broadband chaos at a near-threshold pump current, and the chaos bandwidth is over 300 MHz.

Pulmonary embolism and left renal vein thrombosis extending into the inferior vena cava associated with nephrotic syndrome: A case report.

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) had serious complications due to hypercoagulable state in both various venous and arteries which could lead thromboembolic events. we described a case of a 41-year-old man who presented with pulmonary artery thrombosis and was diagnosed with NS. Early diagnosis and management of nephrotic syndrome may prevent the occurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE).

Thyrotoxic Cardiomyopathy: A Rare Case of Thyroid Storm Presenting as De Novo Heart Failure.

Thyroid storm and heart failure represent formidable challenges in clinical practice. Their coexistence, however, poses an even greater threat to the patient's well-being. To facilitate early recognition and appropriate management, an understanding of the complex interplay between these two conditions is crucial. Through comprehensive assessment, vigilant monitoring, and prompt intervention, outcomes can be improved and the morbidity and mortality mitigated. We present a rare case of a 40-year-old male who presented with severe de novo heart failure and a concurrent thyroid storm. Despite an initial left ventricular systolic ejection fraction of 20% and evidence of global dilatation and hypokinesis on echocardiography, appropriate management resulted in improved clinical status and ultimately recovery of cardiac function.

Water-in-oil Pickering emulsion using ergosterol as an emulsifier solely.

As a crucial component of the fungal cell membranes, ergosterol has been demonstrated to possess surface activity attributed to its hydrophobic region and polar group. However, further investigation is required to explore its emulsification behavior upon migration to the oil-water interface. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the interface properties of ergosterol as a stabilizer for water in oil (W/O) emulsion. Moreover, the emulsion prepared under the optimal conditions was utilized to load the water-soluble bioactive substance with the chlorogenic acid as the model molecules. Our results showed that the contact angle of ergosterol was 117.017°, and its dynamic interfacial tension was obviously lower than that of a pure water-oil system. When the ratio of water to oil was 4: 6, and the content of ergosterol was 3.5 % (ergosterol/oil phase, w/w), the W/O emulsion had smaller particle size (438 nm), higher apparent viscosity, and better stability. Meanwhile, the stability of loaded chlorogenic acid was improved under unfavorable conditions (pH 1.2, 90 °C, ultraviolet irradiation, and oxidation), which were 73.87 %, 59.53 %, 62.53 %, and 69.73 %, respectively. Additionally, the bioaccessibility of chlorogenic acid (38.75 %) and ergosterol (33.69 %), and the scavenging rates of the emulsion on DPPH radicals (81.00 %) and hydroxyl radicals (82.30 %) were also enhanced. Therefore, a novel W/O Pickering emulsion was prepared in this work using ergosterol as an emulsifier solely, which has great potential for application in oil-based food and nutraceutical formulations.

Rehabilitation Program for Postlaryngectomy Patients Following Ileocolon Flap Transfer for Voice Reconstruction: An Essential Part of Success.

BACKGROUND: Speech restoration is important for communication and social activities after pharyngolaryngectomy in head and neck cancer or corrosive injury. Several techniques of voice restoration have been developed to improve life quality. The aim of this paper was to focus on the microsurgical transfer of ileocolon flap and outcome of further voice rehabilitation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From 2010 to 2022, 69 patients had ileocolon flap at our hospital with postoperative speech training and regular follow-up for over 1 year. The patients received deglutition training first, followed by voice rehabilitation. Voice outcomes were evaluated at an interval of 3 months and finally at 12 months of voice training rehabilitation. Among other examinations, the speech function was evaluated using a 4-point Likert scale and senior surgeon (H-c.C.) scoring system. RESULTS: The results showed that speech function reached 13.1% of excellent voice, 65.1% of good voice, 13.1% of fair result, and 8.7% of poor result by Likert scales. Meanwhile, the senior surgeon (H-c.C.) score showed 17.4% of excellent, 63.8% of moderate, and 18.8% of poor results. About voice laboratory results, maximal phonation time was 11.0 seconds, and the average number counted in one breath was 15. Loudness and frequency showed 56.0 dB and 105.0 Hz, respectively. CONCLUSION: The study showed that after voice reconstruction with ileocolon flap followed by the voice rehabilitation program, the patients would have a better understanding of the altered anatomical structures and practice in a more efficient way. Adequate recommendation by the therapists to plastic surgeons for revision surgeries optimized voice function of the patients.

Reactive oxygen species act as the key signaling molecules mediating light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in Eucalyptus.

Light plays a pivotal role in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants, and the early light-responsive signals that initiate anthocyanin biosynthesis remain to be elucidated. In this study, we showed that the anthocyanin biosynthesis in Eucalyptus is hypersensitive to increased light intensity. The combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were conducted on Eucalyptus leaves after moderate (ML; 100 µmol m-2 s-1) and high (HL; 300 µmol m-2 s-1) light intensity treatments. The results identified 1940, 1096, 1173, and 2756 differentially expressed genes at 6, 12, 24, and 36 h after HL treatment, respectively. The metabolomic results revealed the primary anthocyanin types, and other differentially accumulated flavonoids and phenylpropane intermediates that were produced in response to HL, which well aligned with the transcriptome results. Moreover, biochemical analysis showed that HL inhibited peroxidase activity and increased the ROS level in Eucalyptus leaves. ROS depletion through co-application of the antioxidants rutin, uric acid, and melatonin significantly reduced, and even abolished, anthocyanin biosynthesis induced by HL treatment. Additionally, exogenous application of hydrogen peroxide efficiently induced anthocyanin biosynthesis within 24 h, even under ML conditions, suggesting that ROS played a major role in activating anthocyanin biosynthesis. A HL-responsive MYB transcription factor EgrMYB113 was identified to play an important role in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis by targeting multiple anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. Additionally, the results demonstrated that gibberellic acid and sugar signaling contributed to HL-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis. Conclusively, these results suggested that HL triggers multiple signaling pathways to induce anthocyanin biosynthesis, with ROS acting as indispensable mediators in Eucalyptus.