Exploring reasons for high levels of food insecurity and low fruit and vegetable consumption among university students post-COVID-19.

High rates of food insecurity and low consumption of fruit and vegetables among university students have been observed prior to the COVID-19 pandemic and intensified during the pandemic. This study aimed to investigate food insecurity among university students and its associations with sociodemographic factors, fruit and vegetable consumption behaviours, and preferred campus programs to address these issues. A convenience sample of 237 Australian university students completed a cross-sectional online survey from October to December 2022. Food insecurity was assessed using the 10-item US Adult Food Security Module, applying the Canadian classification scheme. Sociodemographic variables, fruit and vegetable consumption behaviours, and perceptions of fruit and vegetable access and their affordability were included in the survey. Students were also asked to select the most suitable program(s) and provide reasons for their choice using open-ended questions. Approximately half of respondents (46.4%) were identified as food insecure. The proportion of students meeting the recommended intake of vegetables as specified in the Australian Dietary Guidelines was very low (5.1%) compared with fruit (46.2%). Low fruit consumption was significantly associated with food insecurity (OR = 1.81; 95%CI 1.03, 3.18, p = 0.038). Factors such as the perceived lower accessibility and higher price of fruit and vegetables were significantly associated with higher odds of food insecurity. In terms of potential programs, a free fruit and vegetable campaign was the most popular program, with affordability and physical access being the most frequently cited reasons. These findings suggest that food insecurity is associated with low fruit and vegetable consumption in university students. Therefore, transforming campus food environments and developing food policies at the university level must be considered to address food and nutrition security in university students.

Food Choices, Sustainability and Australian Native Foods: Perceptions among University Students.

(1) Background: Urgent changes in our food choices are needed for more sustainable, resilient and equitable food systems. Australian native plant-based foods have both environmental and health benefits. Including these foods in our diet may reduce both the risk of chronic diseases and the impact of climate change. This study explored the perceptions and attitudes towards food choices, sustainability and Australian native plant-based food among university students. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was completed by 212 university students in Australia from October to December 2022. Questions included information about sociodemographic characteristics, food choices, Australian native foods and the impact on sustainability. Logistic regression was used for analyses. (3) Results: Most participants recognised the impact of food choices on sustainability. There was a significant association between recognition of the impact of food choices on sustainability and the environmental and nutritional benefits of Australian native foods (OR = 2.89, 95% CI 1.29, 6.46, p = 0.010). Students who were familiar with or had tried Australian native plant-based foods were significantly more likely to recognise their environmental and nutritional benefits (p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: Students who recognise the impact of food choices on sustainability and the benefits of Australian native foods are more likely to include native foods in their diet. More studies are needed to investigate the specific native foods consumed and the barriers and facilitators to the intake of these foods.

Co-Designing Research for Sustainable Food Systems and Diets with Aboriginal Communities: A Study Protocol.

(1) Background: Food choices and systems have contributed to various health and environmental issues, resulting in the global syndemic (obesity, undernutrition and climate change). Studies show that revitalizing Indigenous food systems and including native plant-based foods in our diet may be important for promoting health, reducing diet-linked chronic diseases and mitigating environmental changes. However, it is still a challenge to 'Indigenize' research by including Aboriginal people in all project phases to achieve culturally appropriate collaboration. We describe the development of a protocol using co-design methods to explore how knowledge can be exchanged around Aboriginal food practices related to native plant-based foods to facilitate benefits and share opportunities for sustainable food systems and Aboriginal aspirations, as well as to promote health in these communities. (2) Methods: This qualitative study includes five phases. In Phase I, we will start building a trusting relationship with the communities and train the research team. In Phase II, we will receive the consent to co-design and establish the Aboriginal Reference Group to ensure that Aboriginal people will lead this project. In Phase III, the investigators will run the interviews/focus groups and record the discussions about the community's place-based needs, understanding the community aspirations for a sustainable food system and the potential opportunities for doing research and strengthening community between research and community. In Phase IV, the records will be analyzed with the Aboriginal Reference Group, and summaries will be shared with community members. Phase V will establish case studies to support the implementation of community aspirations. (3) Discussion: This study protocol describes the process of ensuring that research for sustainable food systems meets Indigenous aspirations and health promotion in Indigenous communities.

[Challenges and strides in the control of pesticide residues in Brazil: 15 years of the Program for Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Food Products]. / Desafios e avanços no controle de resíduos de agrotóxicos no Brasil: 15 anos do Programa de Análise de Resíduos de Agrotóxicos em Alimentos.

In Brazil, since 2001, pesticides in food products have been monitored by the Program for Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Food Products (PARA, in Portuguese). The study aimed to analyze the challenges and strides in the control of pesticide residues in food products in Brazil based on the program's results from 2001 to 2015. A descriptive-analytical document review was conducted that used data from reports by the PARA, available at the website of the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency. The program's main challenges feature the wide variation in the number of samples and active ingredients analyzed, as well as the reports' format. There is a need for more in-depth discussions of the criteria used for classification and authorization of active ingredients in Brazil, as well as the information's transparency to society. A total of 25 types of foods were analyzed, with more than 30,000 samples, since the PARA has been in force, but the maximum number of active ingredients analyzed was 228. The presence of active ingredients unauthorized for crops and unauthorized in the country was the principal cause of irregularities diagnosed in the foods. Although the program still faces various challenges, it helps spawn debate on the issue in society. Given the current government context of greater flexibility in the authorization of active ingredients in Brazil, it is necessary to strengthen the PARA.

No Brasil, desde 2001, o monitoramento da presença de agrotóxicos nos alimentos ocorre por meio do Programa de Análise de Resíduos de Agrotóxicos em Alimentos (PARA). O objetivo foi analisar os desafios e avanços no controle de resíduos de agrotóxicos nos alimentos, no Brasil, com base nos resultados do PARA, entre os anos 2001 e 2015. Foi realizada pesquisa descritivo-analítica documental, que utilizou dados provenientes dos relatórios do PARA, disponíveis no sítio eletrônico da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. Entre os principais desafios apresentados pelo PARA estão a grande variabilidade no número de amostras e ingredientes ativos analisados, bem como no formato dos relatórios apresentados. Existe a necessidade do aprofundamento das discussões a respeito dos critérios usados para a classificação e autorização dos ingredientes ativos no Brasil, bem como da transparência destas informações para a sociedade. No total, foram analisados 25 tipos de alimentos e mais de 30 mil amostras ao longo da vigência do PARA, porém, o máximo de ingredientes ativos analisados foi 228. A presença de ingredientes ativos não autorizados para a cultura e não autorizados no país foi a principal causa de irregularidades diagnosticadas nos alimentos. Embora ainda existam diversos desafios apresentados no PARA, ele contribui para disparar a reflexão sobre o tema junto à sociedade. Haja vista a atual conjuntura do governo, de maior flexibilização na liberação de ingredientes ativos no país, é necessário que o PARA seja fortalecido.

En Brasil, desde 2001, la supervisión de la presencia de pesticidas en los alimentos se produce mediante el Programa de Análisis de Residuos de Pesticidas en Alimentos (PARA). El objetivo fue analizar los desafíos y avances en el control de residuos de pesticidas en los alimentos, en Brasil, a partir de los resultados del PARA, entre los años 2001 y 2015. Investigación descriptivo-analítica documental, que utilizó datos provenientes de los informes del PARA, disponibles en la página web de la Agencia Nacional de Vigilancia Sanitaria. Entre los principales desafíos presentados por el PARA, están la gran variabilidad en el número de muestras e ingredientes activos analizados, así como en el formato de los informes presentados. Existe la necesidad de profundizar en las discusiones, respecto a los criterios utilizados para la clasificación y autorización de los ingredientes activos en Brasil, así como la transparencia de esta información para la sociedad. En total, se analizaron 25 tipos de alimentos y más de 30 mil muestras, a lo largo de la vigencia del PARA, no obstante, el máximo de ingredientes activos analizados fue 228. La presencia de ingredientes activos no autorizados para el cultivo y no autorizados en el país fue la principal causa de irregularidades diagnosticadas en los alimentos. A pesar de que todavía existan diversos desafíos presentados en el PARA, contribuye a activar la reflexión sobre este tema junto a la sociedad. Ante la actual coyuntura de gobierno, con una mayor flexibilización en la autorización de ingredientes activos en el país, es necesario que el PARA sea fortalecido.

Desafios e avanços no controle de resíduos de agrotóxicos no Brasil: 15 anos do Programa de Análise de Resíduos de Agrotóxicos em Alimentos / Challenges and strides in the control of pesticide residues in Brazil: 15 years of the Program for Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Food Products / Desafíos y avances en el control de residuos de pesticidas en Brasil: 15 años del Programa de Análisis de Residuos de Pesticidas en Alimentos

Resumo: No Brasil, desde 2001, o monitoramento da presença de agrotóxicos nos alimentos ocorre por meio do Programa de Análise de Resíduos de Agrotóxicos em Alimentos (PARA). O objetivo foi analisar os desafios e avanços no controle de resíduos de agrotóxicos nos alimentos, no Brasil, com base nos resultados do PARA, entre os anos 2001 e 2015. Foi realizada pesquisa descritivo-analítica documental, que utilizou dados provenientes dos relatórios do PARA, disponíveis no sítio eletrônico da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. Entre os principais desafios apresentados pelo PARA estão a grande variabilidade no número de amostras e ingredientes ativos analisados, bem como no formato dos relatórios apresentados. Existe a necessidade do aprofundamento das discussões a respeito dos critérios usados para a classificação e autorização dos ingredientes ativos no Brasil, bem como da transparência destas informações para a sociedade. No total, foram analisados 25 tipos de alimentos e mais de 30 mil amostras ao longo da vigência do PARA, porém, o máximo de ingredientes ativos analisados foi 228. A presença de ingredientes ativos não autorizados para a cultura e não autorizados no país foi a principal causa de irregularidades diagnosticadas nos alimentos. Embora ainda existam diversos desafios apresentados no PARA, ele contribui para disparar a reflexão sobre o tema junto à sociedade. Haja vista a atual conjuntura do governo, de maior flexibilização na liberação de ingredientes ativos no país, é necessário que o PARA seja fortalecido.

Abstract: In Brazil, since 2001, pesticides in food products have been monitored by the Program for Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Food Products (PARA, in Portuguese). The study aimed to analyze the challenges and strides in the control of pesticide residues in food products in Brazil based on the program's results from 2001 to 2015. A descriptive-analytical document review was conducted that used data from reports by the PARA, available at the website of the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency. The program's main challenges feature the wide variation in the number of samples and active ingredients analyzed, as well as the reports' format. There is a need for more in-depth discussions of the criteria used for classification and authorization of active ingredients in Brazil, as well as the information's transparency to society. A total of 25 types of foods were analyzed, with more than 30,000 samples, since the PARA has been in force, but the maximum number of active ingredients analyzed was 228. The presence of active ingredients unauthorized for crops and unauthorized in the country was the principal cause of irregularities diagnosed in the foods. Although the program still faces various challenges, it helps spawn debate on the issue in society. Given the current government context of greater flexibility in the authorization of active ingredients in Brazil, it is necessary to strengthen the PARA.

Resumen: En Brasil, desde 2001, la supervisión de la presencia de pesticidas en los alimentos se produce mediante el Programa de Análisis de Residuos de Pesticidas en Alimentos (PARA). El objetivo fue analizar los desafíos y avances en el control de residuos de pesticidas en los alimentos, en Brasil, a partir de los resultados del PARA, entre los años 2001 y 2015. Investigación descriptivo-analítica documental, que utilizó datos provenientes de los informes del PARA, disponibles en la página web de la Agencia Nacional de Vigilancia Sanitaria. Entre los principales desafíos presentados por el PARA, están la gran variabilidad en el número de muestras e ingredientes activos analizados, así como en el formato de los informes presentados. Existe la necesidad de profundizar en las discusiones, respecto a los criterios utilizados para la clasificación y autorización de los ingredientes activos en Brasil, así como la transparencia de esta información para la sociedad. En total, se analizaron 25 tipos de alimentos y más de 30 mil muestras, a lo largo de la vigencia del PARA, no obstante, el máximo de ingredientes activos analizados fue 228. La presencia de ingredientes activos no autorizados para el cultivo y no autorizados en el país fue la principal causa de irregularidades diagnosticadas en los alimentos. A pesar de que todavía existan diversos desafíos presentados en el PARA, contribuye a activar la reflexión sobre este tema junto a la sociedad. Ante la actual coyuntura de gobierno, con una mayor flexibilización en la autorización de ingredientes activos en el país, es necesario que el PARA sea fortalecido.

Percepção de conselheiros de saúde acerca do tema agrotóxicos: o papel da participação social em uma sociedade que adoece / Perception of health advisors on pesticides: the role of social participation in a sick society

Resumo Este estudo tem como objetivo conhecer a percepção de conselheiros de saúde sobre o tema dos agrotóxicos. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório com abordagem qualitativa, utilizando, para a coleta de dados, a técnica de grupo focal e, para a interpretação dos resultados, a análise de discurso de abordagem francesa. Foram realizados dois grupos com conselheiros membros de três Conselhos Locais de Saúde de Curitiba (PR). Na percepção dos grupos, o agrotóxico foi relacionado a veneno, mas também a uma necessidade econômica. Os grupos reconhecem o impacto dos agrotóxicos na saúde e no ambiente - no entanto, destacam que seu uso é necessário para garantir a produção agrícola. A temática, até o momento, não havia sido abordada em reuniões dos conselhos de saúde, e seus membros relataram não se sentir empoderados para a discussão, não se percebendo como sujeitos de transformação. Diante desse cenário, é necessário propor ações que possibilitem o debate e problematizem as situações-limite, visando a assunção dos conselheiros como sujeitos, de modo a promover a compreensão da realidade para uma atuação mais crítica e transformadora.

Abstract This study aimed to know the perception of health advisors on pesticides. This is an exploratory study with a qualitative approach, using the focal group technique for data collection and French discourse analysis for the interpretation of results. Two groups were defined with members of three Local Health Councils of Curitiba-PR. In the perception of the groups, pesticide was related to poison, but was also considered an economic necessity. The groups recognize the impact of agrochemicals on health and the environment; however, they point out that their use is necessary to ensure agricultural production. The topic of pesticides has not been addressed at the health council meetings, and its members have reported not feeling empowered enough to discuss this issue, not perceiving themselves as subjects of transformation. Given this scenario, it is necessary to propose actions that allow the debate and problematize situations-limits, aiming to assume counselors as subjects in order to promote the understanding of reality for a more critical and transformative action.

Agrotóxicos e seus impactos na saúde humana e ambiental: uma revisão sistemática / Agrochemicals and their impacts on human and environmental health: a systematic review

RESUMO Atualmente, o Brasil é o maior consumidor de agrotóxicos do mundo. Diversos estudos comprovam os malefícios para a saúde humana e ambiental da exposição aos agrotóxicos. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática no período de 2011 a 2017 acerca desse tema em bases de dados científicos. Foram incluídos 116 estudos que demonstraram o impacto negativo para a saúde humana e ambiental. É essencial a realização de estudos sobre os efeitos da exposição crônica e simultânea a diversos agrotóxicos, além de estudos sobre os nexos de determinação estrutural do uso dos venenos e suas consequências.(AU)

ABSTRACT Currently, Brazil is the largest consumer of agrochemicals in the world. Several studies have proved the harm to human and environment health due to exposure to agrochemicals. A systematic review was carried out over the period 2011 to 2017 about this theme on scientific databases. A total of 116 studies were included that demonstrated the negative impact on human and environment health. It is essential to carry out studies on the effects of chronic and simultaneous exposure to various agrochemicals, in addition to studies on the links of structural determination of the use of poisons and their consequences.(AU)