Characterization of antimicrobial resistance profiles in Escherichia coli isolated from captive mammals in Ecuador.

BACKGROUND: This study focuses on the AMR profiles in E. coli isolated from captive mammals at EcoZoo San Martín, Baños de Agua Santa, Ecuador, highlighting the role of wildlife as reservoirs of resistant bacteria. AIMS: The aim of this research is to investigate the antimicrobial resistance profiles of E. coli strains isolated from various species of captive mammals, emphasizing the potential zoonotic risks and the necessity for integrated AMR management strategies. MATERIALS & METHODS: A total of 189 fecal samples were collected from 70 mammals across 27 species. These samples were screened for E. coli, resulting in 90 identified strains. The resistance profiles of these strains to 16 antibiotics, including 10 ß-lactams and 6 non-ß-lactams, were determined using the disk diffusion method. Additionally, the presence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) genes and other resistance genes was analyzed using PCR. RESULTS: Significant resistance was observed, with 52.22% of isolates resistant to ampicillin, 42.22% to ceftriaxone and cefuroxime, and 27.78% identified as ESBL-producing E. coli. Multiresistance (resistance to more than three antibiotic groups) was found in 35.56% of isolates. Carnivorous and omnivorous animals, particularly those with prior antibiotic treatments, were more likely to harbor resistant strains. DISCUSSION: These findings underscore the role of captive mammals as indicators of environmental AMR. The high prevalence of resistant E. coli in these animals suggests that zoos could be significant reservoirs for the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The results align with other studies showing that diet and antibiotic treatment history influence resistance profiles. CONCLUSION: The study highlights the need for an integrated approach involving veterinary care, habitat management, and public awareness to prevent captive wildlife from becoming reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Improved waste management practices and responsible antibiotic use are crucial to mitigate the risks of AMR in zoo environments and reduce zoonotic threats.

Is there interest of Mexican adults in being prepared should they develop Alzheimer's or other dementia? / ¿Existe interés en adultos mexicanos de preparase en caso de llegar a padecer Alzheimer u otra demencia?

Abstract Introduction Alzheimer's disease, as well as other dementias, cause a progressive deterioration of cognitive functions, preventing patients from making decisions and having control over themselves in an advanced stage of the disease. Objective To explore some expectations, wishes and preferences in a sample of mature adults should they develop Alzheimer or other dementia. Method We surveyed 368 mature Mexican adults without dementia using a large survey created by the authors and used in a previous study; data were collected in some public places where mature people were invited to participate. The survey was completed from July 2019 to August 2020. Results Although most participants had considered they might suffer from dementia in the future, less than half had communicated their wishes to their relatives about future medical treatments in case they could no longer decide for themselves; very few had prepared a written advance directive. Most participants agreed that patients should know their initial diagnosis, mainly to be able to prepare themselves. The main reason given by those who would prefer to hide the diagnosis was to avoid suffering. Discussion and conclusion Our results highlight the need for health professionals to promote discussion with people about the possibility of suffering from dementia, as well as the importance of making decisions in advance, and letting their relatives know about them.

Resumen Introducción La enfermedad de Alzheimer, así como las otras demencias, causan un deterioro progresivo de las funciones cognitivas, evitando que en una etapa avanzada de la enfermedad los pacientes puedan tomar decisiones y tener control sobre sí mismos. Objetivo Explorar algunas expectativas, deseos y preferencias en una muestra de adultos maduros en caso de que llegaran a desarrollar Alzheimer u otra demencia. Método Encuestamos a 368 adultos mexicanos maduros sin demencia usando una encuesta creada por los autores y utilizada en un estudio anterior; los datos se recopilaron en algunos lugares públicos donde se invitó a las personas a participar. La encuesta se aplicó de julio de 2019 a agosto de 2020. Resultados Aunque la mayoría de los participantes había considerado que podría sufrir demencia en el futuro, menos de la mitad había comunicado sus deseos a sus familiares sobre futuros tratamientos médicos en caso de que ya no pudieran decidir por sí mismos; muy pocos habían preparado una voluntad anticipada por escrito. La mayoría de los participantes estuvo de acuerdo en que los pacientes deben conocer su diagnóstico inicial, principalmente para poder prepararse. La principal razón aducida por quienes preferirían ocultar el diagnóstico fue el deseo de evitar sufrimiento. Discusión y conclusión Nuestros resultados destacan la necesidad de que el personal de salud promueva la discusión con las personas sobre la posibilidad de padecer demencia, así como la importancia de tomar decisiones por anticipado e informar de ellas a sus familiares.

Eficacia y tolerabilidad Resultados del tratamiento para la fibrosis pulmonar idiopática. Experiencia de la vida real / Efficacy and Tolerability Outcomes of Treatment for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Real-life Experience

Introducción: la fibrosis pulmonar idiopática (FPI) es una enfermedad progresiva y cró-nica con muy mal pronóstico. Actualmente, existen dos fármacos para esta patología. El propósito de nuestro estudio es evaluar los efectos del tratamiento en los pacientes de una consulta en vida real.

Introduction: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive disease with a very poor prognosis. Two drugs are currently available for this disease. The purpo-se of our study is to evaluate the effects of treatment in patients in a real-life practice.

Diagnóstico de la higiene bucal en pacientes con aparatos de ortodoncia / Diagnosis of oral hygiene in patients with orthodontic appliances

RESUMEN Fundamento: una adecuada higiene bucal es necesaria en los pacientes que portan aparatos de ortodoncia. Objetivo: identificar conocimientos, actitudes, prácticas e higiene bucal en pacientes con aparatos de ortodoncia. Métodos: se realizó un estudio con diseño no experimental, descriptivo y transversal en la Clínica Estomatológica Docente Provincial de Sancti Spíritus en el período entre septiembre de 2018 y julio de 2019. Se utilizaron métodos del nivel teórico, empírico (encuesta, entrevista, observación y estadístico). La población estuvo constituida por 30 pacientes de esta institución con tratamiento de ortodoncia. Se midieron las variables: edad y sexo del paciente, tipo de aparato de ortodoncia, nivel de conocimiento sobre salud bucodental, actitud y prácticas del paciente de higiene bucal, frecuencia, forma y eficiencia del cepillado dental, así como el cepillado o no después de la ingestión de alimentos azucarados. Resultados: el 100 % de los pacientes presentó conocimientos deficientes sobre salud bucal y prácticas desfavorables, aunque se constató actitudes favorables en el 63,3 % de los pacientes. Predominó una higiene bucal regular en la población estudiada antes de iniciar el tratamiento y después de instalar los aparatos, de manera similar en los grupos con aparatos removibles, funcionales y fijos. Conclusiones: los pacientes de la población estudiada necesitan educación para apropiarse de conocimientos suficientes para mantener actitudes, prácticas e higiene bucal saludables.

ABSTRACT Background: adequate oral hygiene is necessary in patients who wear orthodontic appliances. Objective: to identify knowledge, attitudes, practices and oral hygiene in patients with orthodontic appliances. Methods: a study with a non-experimental, descriptive and cross-sectional design was carried out in the Provincial Teaching Dentistry Clinic of Sancti Spíritus in the period between September 2018 and July 2019. Methods from the theoretical, empirical (survey, interview and observation) and statistical level were used. The population consisted of 30 patients from this institution with orthodontic treatment. The measured variables were: age and sex of the patient, type of orthodontic appliance, level of knowledge about oral health, attitude and oral hygiene practices of the patient, frequency, form and efficiency of tooth brushing, as well as brushing or not after the ingestion of sugary foods. Results: 100% of the patients presented poor knowledge about oral health and unfavorable practices, although favorable attitudes were found in 63.3% of the patients. Regular oral hygiene predominated in the population studied before starting treatment and after installing the appliances, similarly in the groups with removable, functional and fixed appliances. Conclusions: the studied population patients need education to acquire sufficient knowledge to maintain healthy attitudes, practices and oral hygiene.

Genetic diversity and structure of one of the most endangered freshwater fish species in Mexico: Tlaloc hildebrandi (Miller, 1950) and recognition of its evolutionarily significant units.

The endangered Chiapas killifish Tlaloc hildebrandi is an endemic freshwater species that lives in four subbasins of the Grijalva and Usumacinta basins, and one of the most geographically restricted species of the Produndulidae family. The species was originally described as endemic to springs in the high limestone plateau in San Cristóbal de Las Casas in the Río Amarillo subbasin (upper Grijalva basin). However, it was recently recorded in the Jataté and Tzaconejá subbasins in the upper Usumacinta basin, thereby expanding its known distribution range. The discovery of these populations is relevant not only for the conservation of the species but also for a better understanding of its evolutionary history. Currently, the scarce populations of T. hildebrandi, found in only a few localities in the Grijalva and Usumacinta basins, are fragmented and living under unfavorable conditions. Here, we analyzed three mitochondrial (mt-atp8&6 and mt-nd2) and one nuclear (nuc-s7) marker in order to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of T. hildebrandi. We found that, in comparison with other endangered freshwater fish species from Mexico, T. hildebrandi showed a lower level of genetic diversity (mt-nd2: h = 0.469, π = 0.0009; mt-atp8&6: h = 0.398, π = 0.001; and nuc-S7: h = 0.433, π = 0.001). Moreover, the analyzed populations exhibited a strong genetic structure in accordance with their geographic distribution, and can be placed into three genetic clusters: (1) Amarillo plus Chenhaló in the upper Grijalva basin, (2) Jataté, and (3) Tzaconejá, both in the upper Usumacinta basin. On the basis of our results, we propose the recognition of at least three evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) for the species and the urgent implementation of ex situ and in situ conservation and management efforts that consider the genetic background of the species.

Pathogenic Microenvironment from Diabetic-Obese Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipocytes Activating Differentiation of Human Healthy Preadipocytes Increases Intracellular Fat, Effect of the Apocarotenoid Crocetin.

In diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2), developed obesity is referred to as diabesity. Implementation of a healthy diet, such as the Mediterranean, prevents diabesity. Saffron is frequently used in this diet because of its bioactive components, such as crocetin (CCT), exhibit healthful properties. It is well known that obesity, defined as an excessive accumulation of fat, leads to cardiometabolic pathology through adiposopathy or hypertrophic growth of adipose tissue (AT).This is related to an impaired adipogenic process or death of adipocytes by obesogenic signals. We aimed to evaluate the effect of the pathogenic microenvironment and CCT, activating differentiation of healthy preadipocytes (PA). For this, we used human cryopreserved PA from visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) depots obtained from healthy and obese-DM2 donors. We studied the effect of a metabolically detrimental (diabesogenic) environment, generated by obese-DM2 adipocytes from VAT (VdDM) or SAT (SdDM), on the viability and accumulation of intracellular fat of adipocytes differentiated from healthy PA, in the presence or absence of CCT (1 or 10 µM). Intracellular fat was quantified by Oil Red O staining. Cytotoxicity was measured using the MTT assay. Our results showed that diabesogenic conditions induce cytotoxicity and provide a proadipogenic environment only for visceral PA. CCT at 10 µM acted as an antiadipogenic and cytoprotective compound.

Prevalencia de periodontitis crónica moderada y avanzada generalizada como factor de riesgo cardiovascular / Prevalence of chronic periodontitis moderate and advanced generalized as a cardiovascular risk factor

Introducción: La periodontitis es una enfermedad infecciosa que afecta a los tejidos de sostén de los dientes, su prevalencia se estima entre el 35 y 45% de la población adulta. Las enfermedades cardiovasculares tienen relación directa con la periodontitis crónica, las bacterias periodontales pueden pasar la barrera epitelial de los tejidos periodontales y lograr la propagación sistémica a través de los vasos sanguíneos, causando la inflamación del endocardio. Objetivo: Determinar prevalencia de enfermedad periodontal como factor de riesgo cardiovascular en adultos de 25 a 60 años en Nacajuca, Tabasco. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudió observacional, prospectivo, transversal y analítico, con muestra de 40 participantes entre 25 y 60 años, el 52% (21) son hombres y el 49% (19) mujeres, se empleó el sistema no probabilístico por conveniencia. Las variables fueron edad, género, grado de conocimiento sobre enfermedad periodontal, nivel de alimentación, grado de tabaquismo, grado de higiene bucal y grado de periodontitis. Resultado: La prevalencia de enfermedad periodontal como factor de riesgo cardiovascular es 48% (19 personas) con periodontitis crónica moderada y avanzada generalizada. Conclusión: Con base en la revisión bibliográfica, las personas con el grado de periodontitis crónica moderada y avanzada generalizada son propensas a desencadenar una enfermedad cardiovascular (infarto agudo de miocardio). Sin embargo, son necesarios más estudios de experimentación longitudinal, con base en el vínculo que tiene la enfermedad periodontal y cardiovascular (AU)

Introduction: Periodontitis is an infectious disease that affects the tissue of the teeth, its prevalence is estimated between 35 and 45% of the adult population. Cardiovascular diseases are directly related to chronic periodontitis, periodontal bacteria can pass the epithelial barrier of periodontal tissues and achieve systemic propagation through the blood vessels causing Inflammation of the endocardio. Objective: To determine the prevalence of periodontal disease as a cardiovascular risk factor in adults from 25 to 60 years Nacajuca, Tabasco. Material and methods: An observational, prospective, transverse and analytical study was carried out, with a sample of 40 participants between 25 and 60 years, 52% (21) corresponds to the masculine genus and 49% (19) represents the female genus, the non-probabilistic system was employed by Convenience. The variables were age, gender, degree of knowledge on periodontal disease, feeding level, degree of smoking, degree of oral hygiene and degree of periodontitis. Result: the prevalence of periodontal disease as a cardiovascular risk factor is 48% (19 people) with chronically moderate and advanced generalized periodontitis. Conclusion: Based on the bibliographical review people with the degree of chronic periodontitis moderate and advanced generalized are prone to trigger a cardiovascular disease (acute myocardial infarction). However, more studies of longitudinal experimentation are necessary, based on the link which has the periodontal and cardiovascular disease (AU)

Genetic differentiation among populations of the blackfin goodea Goodea atripinnis (Cyprinodontiformes: Goodeidae): implications for its evolutionary history.

Central Mexico is characterized by a complex topography that is the result of historic and contemporary tectonic and climatic factors. These events have influenced the evolutionary history of numerous freshwater fishes in the region. Nonetheless, recent studies have shown that life-history traits and ecological characteristics of species may influence dispersal capabilities and the degree of genetic connectivity. Goodea (Cyprinodontiformes: Goodeidae) is one of the most widely distributed and environmentally tolerant genera of goodeids. In this study, the authors analysed variation in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene to evaluate the phylogeographic relationships, genetic structure, genetic diversity and demographic history of Goodea from across its distribution range. They found low genetic differentiation and identified shared haplotypes among several regions. Geographic segregation was found in samples southwest and northeast of the Lower Lerma region, with some internal isolated groups showing phylogeographic differentiation and unique haplotypes. The AMOVA best explained genetic structure when grouped by haplogroups rather than when grouped by recognized biogeographic regions. Several regions showed null genetic diversity, raising the possibility of dispersal mediated by humans. Finally, Bayesian Skyline Plot analysis showed a population expansion for the Southwest haplogroup, except for the Armería population and sub-group II of the Northeast haplogroup. All this suggests a recent colonization of Goodea atripinnis throughout some of the biogeographic regions currently inhabited by this species.

Secular trends in age at menarche in 20th century Mexico: Differences by ethnicity, area of residency, and socioeconomic status.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to assess the secular trend in age at menarche (AAM) in Mexico over the 20th century, and compare the patterns according to area of residence (rural/urban), socioeconomic status (SES), and ethnicity (indigenous/nonindigenous). METHODS: Data on AAM from 24 380 women aged ≥20 years born between 1906 and 1986 were obtained from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2006. Birth cohorts were compared to test for a secular trend and differences in mean AAM by area of residence, SES, and ethnicity were evaluated using the Welch test for heterogeneous variances followed by Tamhane T2 for post hoc comparisons. RESULTS: Mean AAM declined from 13.3 years among Mexican women born before the 1940s to 12.56 years among those born in the 1980s. Across birth cohorts, urban women had significantly earlier AAM than their rural counterparts. Nonindigenous urban women reached menarche the earliest and rural indigenous women the latest of all groups. Nonindigenous urban residents experienced a comparatively earlier decline, while that for the indigenous rural women occurred last. High SES women reached menarche the earliest and low SES women the latest. The historical decline in AAM for high and medium SES groups occurred relatively early, whereas that for the low SES occurred last. CONCLUSIONS: Mean AAM was associated with area of residence, ethnicity, and SES. Our findings indirectly suggest that advances in living conditions experienced in Mexico during the 20th century appear to have been insufficient to overcome the social and biological inequalities accumulated over centuries in some groups.

Papel de la ansiedad preoperatoria en la percepción de dolor en pacientes sometidas a histeroscopia quirurgica en consulta / Impact of preprocedural anxiety levels on pain perception in patients undergoing office surgical hysteroscopy

OBJETIVO: Determinar si la ansiedad preoperatoria supone un factor de riesgo independiente para la percepción de dolor severo durante la realización de una histeroscopia quirúrgica ambulatoria. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio de cohortes en el que incluimos179 pacientes. Se ha aplicado el formulario STAI-S para valorar la ansiedad preoperatoria de las pacientes y distribuirlas en dos cohortes: Pacientes con ansiedad (STAI-S >50) y pacientes sin ansiedad (STAI-S7. Se ha calculado la asociación y el riesgo entre ambas variables mediante el Test X2 y el Riesgo Relativo (RR). Se ha utilizado el test de correlación de Pearson para valorar la correlación entre ambas variables. Se ha considerado estadísticamente significativo un valor de p<0.05. RESULTADOS: Las pacientes que percibieron dolor severo durante la entrada a la cavidad uterina (78,3% vs 29,5%; p<0,001) y durante la realización del proceso quirúrgico (78,8% vs 26,2%; p<0,001) fueron en su mayoría pacientes con ansiedad preoperatoria. El RR de las pacientes con ansiedad para percibir dolor severo es de 6,46 (IC 95%; 2,52 -16,60) durante la entrada y de 6,61 (IC 95%; 3,04 -14,38) durante la resección. Existe una correlación moderada y positiva entre las puntuaciones obtenida en la escala STAI-S y la puntuación EVA, tanto durante la entrada a la cavidad (r = 0,629; p = 0,042) como durante el proceso quirúrgico (r = 0'661; p =0'021). CONCLUSIONES: Las pacientes con ansiedad preoperatoria tienen más riesgo de percibir dolor severo durante la entrada en la cavidad uterina y durante la realización de la intervención histeroscópica.

OBJECTIVE: Determine if preprocedural anxiety is an independent risk factor for the perception of severe pain during an outpatient surgical hysteroscopy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: There were 179 patients included in this cohort study. The STAI-S questionnaire has been applied to assess the preoperative anxiety of the patients and distribute them into two cohorts: Patients with anxiety (STAI-S>50) and patients without anxiety (STAI-S 7. The association and the risk between both variables have been calculated using X2 test and relative risk (RR). Pearson's correlation test was used to assess the correlation between both variables. A p value < 0,05 has been considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Patients who perceived severe pain during access to the uterine cavity (78,3% vs 29,5%; p<0,001) and during the surgical procedure (78,8% vs 26,2%; p<0,001) were mostly patients with preoperative anxiety. The RR of patients with anxiety to perceive severe pain is 6.46 (95% CI; 2,52-16,60) during access to the uterine cavity and 6,61 (95% CI; 3,04-14,38) during resection. We have found a moderate and positive correlation between the scores obtained on the STAI-S questionnaire and VAS score during access to the uterine cavity (r=0,629; p=0,042) and during the surgical process (r=0,661; p=0,021) CONCLUSIONS: Patients with preprocedural anxiety are more at risk of perceiving severe pain during access into the uterine cavity and during the hysteroscopic intervention.

High Blood pressure and other cardiovascular risk factors in students of the national university of Asunción-Paraguay. / [Presión arterial elevada y otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular en estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción-Paraguay.]

Background: High blood pressure is a category of blood pressure, poorly studied in young adults and is associated with other cardiovascular risk factors. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of high blood pressure and other cardiovascular risk factors in university students of the National University of Asunción-Paraguay. Methods: Cross-sectional study in first-year university students of careers related to health at the National University of Asunción. High blood pressure was considered at a systolic blood pressure of 120-129 mmHg and / or diastolic blood pressure of ?80 mmHg. The anthropometric, lipid and metabolic variables were measured and the smoking and alcohol habit were determined. Results: 284 university students were included in the analysis (mean age [± SD] 19.4 ± 2.1 years, 73.2% were women). The overall prevalence of high blood pressure was 25.5%; (95% CI: 20.5-30.5%) (Men 40%, Women 29%). High blood pressure was associated with increased abdominal circumference (OR: 1.031, 95% CI: 1.005-1.058, p = 0.024); low HDL-C (OR: 1.355, 95% CI 1.054-1.743, p = 0.018); obesity, OR: 2,124; 95% CI: 1.334-3.941; p = 0.007) and DM2 (OR: 4.431, 95% CI: 3,642-7,963, p = <0.001). The prevalence of other cardiovascular risk factors more frequent were alcohol consumption, overweight and obesity. More than 70% of college students have one or more cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusions: high prevalence of high blood pressure and is associated with other cardiovascular risk factors.

Introducción: La presión arterial elevada es una categoría de presión arterial, poco estudiado en adultos jóvenes y está asociado a otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Objetivos: Estimar la prevalencia de presión arterial elevada y otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular en universitarios de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción-Paraguay. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal en universitarios de primer curso de las carreras relacionadas a la salud de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción. Se consideró presión arterial elevada a una presión arterial sistólica de 120-129 mmHg y/o presión arterial diastólica de ?80 mmHg. Se midieron las variables antropométricas, lipídicas, metabólicas y se determinó el hábito tabáquico y de alcohol. Resultados: Se incluyeron en el análisis 284 universitarios (edad media [±DE] 19,4 ±2,1 años; 73,2% fueron mujeres). La prevalencia global de la presión arterial elevada fue del 25,5%; (IC del 95%: 20,5-30,5%) (hombres 40%; mujeres 29%). La presión arterial elevada se asoció con la circunferencia abdominal aumentada (OR: 1,031; IC del 95%: 1,005-1,058; p= 0,024); el c-HDL baja (OR: 1,355; IC del 95%: 1,054-1,743; p=0,018); la obesidad, OR: 2,124; IC del 95%: 1,334-3,941; p=0,007) y la DM2 (OR: 4,431; IC del 95%: 3,642-7,963; p=<0,001). La prevalencia de otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular más frecuente fueron el consumo de alcohol, el sobrepeso y la obesidad. Más del 70% de los universitarios tienen uno o más factor de riesgo cardiovascular. Conclusiones: alta prevalencia de la presión arterial elevada y está asociado con otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular.

Enhancing biohydrogen production from Agave tequilana bagasse: Detoxified vs. Undetoxified acid hydrolysates.

The aim of this work was to compare the biohydrogen production potential of undetoxified and detoxified acid hydrolysates from A. tequilana bagasse. Detoxification was carried out with activated carbon at different concentrations and pH values. Results indicated that pH was not a significant variable, while the lowest evaluated concentration of activated carbon (1% p/v) significantly promoted the highest removal of acetic acid (89%) with minimal losses of fermentable sugars. Regarding dark fermentation experiments, central composite designs were used to optimize COD and pH variables for both substrates, undetoxified and detoxified hydrolysates (activated carbon 1% p/v and pH 0.6). At optimal conditions, the detoxified hydrolysate produced 33% more biohydrogen than the undetoxified one. Hydrogen molar yields were 1.71 and 1.23 mol H2/molsugar, respectively. This improvement was correlated to changes in metabolic byproducts, since the detoxified hydrolysate produced only acetic and butyric acids, while lactic acid was detected in the undetoxified hydrolysate.

Calidad de vida laboral de los odontólogos en Antioquia 2011-2012 / Quality of working life for dentists in Antioquia 2011-2012

RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar la Calidad de Vida Laboral (CVL) de los odontólogos en Antioquia, Colombia, a partir de componentes objetivos y subjetivos. Materiales y Métodos Estudio descriptivo probabilístico con 323 odontólogos. Los datos fueron procesados en SPSS 17.0 y Epidat 3.1. Resultados Se encontraron tendencias significativas (p<0,05) en la disminución de los profesionales de sexo masculino, con casa propia y postgrado. Son cada vez menos los profesionales con ingresos mensuales superiores a cinco Salarios Mínimos Legales Vigentes (5 SMLV), que cuentan con medidas privadas de salud y que gozan de más de 15 días de vacaciones; aumentaron los odontólogos que asumían totalmente los costos de seguridad social, los que se desplazaban a otros municipios a ejercer su profesión (p<0,05). Las condiciones de trabajo y la distancia de los sueños-realidad presentan diferencias significativas en los períodos estudiados. Discusión Los hallazgos ratifican la incidencia que tuvieron las reformas en salud y educación en la profesión odontológica, revelando una problemática de oferta/demanda que agudiza el deterioro de las condiciones de trabajo y que han llevado al profesional a un acondicionamiento laboral lejano al ejercicio de la profesión que había soñado. Conclusión La CVL de los odontólogos en Antioquia se ha venido deteriorando en un entorno laboral complejo y en crisis; paralelo a esta situación, el profesional no busca asociarse para enfrentar y transformar esta realidad.(AU)

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the Quality of Life at Work (QOL) of dentists in Antioquia, Colombia, based on objective and subjective components. Materials and Methods A sample of 323 dentists was used for a descriptive study using a structured survey. Data were processed using in SPSS 17.0 and Epidat 3.1 software. Results Significant trends (p<0.05) were found for the decrease of male, home-based and postgraduate professionals. Fewer and fewer professionals earn more than five times the legal monthly minimum wage, have access to private health services, and enjoy more than 15 vacation days per year. On the other hand, the number of dentists that cover their social security expenses and updating courses costs by themselves Increased, as well as the number of professionals that moved to different municipalities to work (p<0.05). Working conditions and the distance between dreams and reality have meaningful differences for the periods observed. Discussion Findings ratify the incidence of health and education reforms over the practice of dentistry, revealing significant supply and demand conflicts that exacerbate the deterioration of working conditions and push professionals to merely accommodate, more and more, distancing from the once dreamed profession. Conclusion The QOL for dentists in Antioquia has deteriorated due to negative tendencies on working conditions derived from the complexity and crisis of the working environment. In addition, professionals do not attempt to associate to face and transform this reality.(AU)

Predictive study of academic stress with the irritable bowel syndrome in medicine students at a public university in Mexico.

BACKGROUND: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder associated with stress, which may appear by an educational context, given that students are exposed to demands in the academic environment during their education process that may lead to developing diseases. This study reports on the relationship between the IBS and academic stress and compares results of men and women. METHODS: A random survey was made of 561 medicine students at a public university in Mexico. The ROMA III criteria were used for the IBS and the Academic Stress Inventory for academic stress. A multiple regression analysis was made. RESULTS: The results showed that students with academic overload and lack of time are at risk for developing the IBS. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, the recommendation is to implement educational programs aiming at self-care as well as gaining knowledge about academic stress-related factors and the physical responses that may result in repercussions with serious consequences for student life such as pain, disease and dropping out of school.

Intervención educativa para el manejo del dolor en personal de enfermería / Educational intervention study in the management of pain in nursing staff

Resumen En la actualidad, el dolor es considerado co-то el quinto signo vital. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar la efectividad de un programa educativo para el personal de enfermería sobre manejo de dolor en pacientes con problemas crónicos degenerativos y quirúrgicos. El método usado fue el diseño pre-experimental con pretest-postest. La población de estudio estuvo integrada por personal de enfermería (42) de dos instituciones de salud de segundo nivel de atención, del sector público. Se utilizó el cuestionario Conocimiento y Actitudes Respecto al Dolor. La media de respuestas correctas del conocimiento pretest fue de 50.9 (DE = 9.65), valor mínimo de 28.1 y máximo 78.1; y en el postest la media fue de 70.4 (DE = 10.9) valor mínimo de 40.6 y máximo 90.6. Posterior a la intervención educativa, se encontró mayor conocimiento en el personal de enfermeria (t (41)= - 12.98; p < 0.001). El estudio de intervención educativa del personal de enfermería fue efectivo para mejorar el conocimiento sobre el manejo del dolor en los pacientes, ya que los primeros brindaron una mejor atención y cuidados, posteriores a la intervención educativa, no obstante, este fue insuficiente para la mayoría del personal participante.

Abstract Pain is currently considered as the fifth vital sign. The objective of the study was to determine the effectiveness of an educational program for nurses on pain management for patients with chronic degenerative and surgical problems. The employed method was a pre-experimental design with a pre-test and a posttest. The research population was made up of 42 nurses from two secondary health care institutions in the public sector. The Nurse's Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain was used. Results showed that the pre-test mean knowledge of correct answers was 50.9 (SD = 9.65), with a minimum value of 28.1 and a maximum value of 78.1. The post-test mean was 70.4 (SD = 10.9) with a minimum value of 40.6 and a maximum value of 90.6. After the educational intervention, nurses demonstrated an increased level of knowledge regarding pain management (t (41) = -12.98; p < 0.001). The educational intervention study for nurses was effective in improving their knowledge regarding pain management in patients, since the participating nurses provided better attention and care after the educational intervention. This, however, was insufficient for most of the participating personnel.

Evolving in the highlands: the case of the Neotropical Lerma live-bearing Poeciliopsis infans (Woolman, 1894) (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae) in Central Mexico.

BACKGROUND: Volcanic and tectonic activities in conjunction with Quaternary climate are the main events that shaped the geographical distribution of genetic variation of many lineages. Poeciliopsis infans is the only poeciliid species that was able to colonize the temperate highlands of central Mexico. We inferred the phylogenetic relationships, biogeographic history, and historical demography in the widespread Neotropical species P. infans and correlated this with geological events and the Quaternary glacial-interglacial climate in the highlands of central Mexico, using the mitochondrial genes Cytochrome b and Cytochrome oxidase I and two nuclear loci, Rhodopsin and ribosomal protein S7. RESULTS: Populations of P. infans were recovered in two well-differentiated clades. The maximum genetic distances between the two clades were 3.3% for cytb, and 1.9% for coxI. The divergence of the two clades occurred ca. 2.83 Myr. Ancestral area reconstruction revealed a complex biogeographical history for P. infans. The Bayesian Skyline Plot showed a demographic decline, although more visible for clade A, and more recently showed a population expansion in the last 0.025 Myr. Finally, the habitat suitability modelling showed that during the LIG, clade B had more areas with high probabilities of presence in comparison to clade A, whereas for the LGM, clade A showed more areas with high probabilities of presence in comparisons to clade B. CONCLUSIONS: Poeciliopsis infans has had a complex evolutionary and biogeographic history, which, as in other co-distributed freshwater fishes, seems to be linked to the volcanic and tectonic activities during the Pliocene or early Pleistocene. Populations of P. infans distributed in lowlands showed a higher level of genetic diversity than populations distributed in highlands, which could be linked to more stable and higher temperatures in lowland areas. The fluctuations in population size through time are in agreement with the continuous fluctuations of the climate of central Mexico.

[Quality of working life for dentists in Antioquia 2011-2012]. / Calidad de vida laboral de los odontólogos en Antioquia 2011-2012.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the Quality of Life at Work (QOL) of dentists in Antioquia, Colombia, based on objective and subjective components. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A sample of 323 dentists was used for a descriptive study using a structured survey. Data were processed using in SPSS 17.0 and Epidat 3.1 software. RESULTS: Significant trends (p<0.05) were found for the decrease of male, home-based and postgraduate professionals. Fewer and fewer professionals earn more than five times the legal monthly minimum wage, have access to private health services, and enjoy more than 15 vacation days per year. On the other hand, the number of dentists that cover their social security expenses and updating courses costs by themselves Increased, as well as the number of professionals that moved to different municipalities to work (p<0.05). Working conditions and the distance between dreams and reality have meaningful differences for the periods observed. DISCUSSION: Findings ratify the incidence of health and education reforms over the practice of dentistry, revealing significant supply and demand conflicts that exacerbate the deterioration of working conditions and push professionals to merely accommodate, more and more, distancing from the once dreamed profession. CONCLUSION: The QOL for dentists in Antioquia has deteriorated due to negative tendencies on working conditions derived from the complexity and crisis of the working environment. In addition, professionals do not attempt to associate to face and transform this reality.

OBJETIVO: Analizar la Calidad de Vida Laboral (CVL) de los odontólogos en Antioquia, Colombia, a partir de componentes objetivos y subjetivos. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo probabilístico con 323 odontólogos. Los datos fueron procesados en SPSS 17.0 y Epidat 3.1. RESULTADOS: Se encontraron tendencias significativas (p<0,05) en la disminución de los profesionales de sexo masculino, con casa propia y postgrado. Son cada vez menos los profesionales con ingresos mensuales superiores a cinco Salarios Mínimos Legales Vigentes (5 SMLV), que cuentan con medidas privadas de salud y que gozan de más de 15 días de vacaciones; aumentaron los odontólogos que asumían totalmente los costos de seguridad social, los que se desplazaban a otros municipios a ejercer su profesión (p<0,05). Las condiciones de trabajo y la distancia de los sueños-realidad presentan diferencias significativas en los períodos estudiados. DISCUSIÓN: Los hallazgos ratifican la incidencia que tuvieron las reformas en salud y educación en la profesión odontológica, revelando una problemática de oferta/demanda que agudiza el deterioro de las condiciones de trabajo y que han llevado al profesional a un acondicionamiento laboral lejano al ejercicio de la profesión que había soñado. CONCLUSIÓN: La CVL de los odontólogos en Antioquia se ha venido deteriorando en un entorno laboral complejo y en crisis; paralelo a esta situación, el profesional no busca asociarse para enfrentar y transformar esta realidad.

Zika virus-induced neurological critical illness in Latin America: Severe Guillain-Barre Syndrome and encephalitis.

Zika virus (ZIKAV) is classically described as causing minor symptoms in adult patients, however neurologic complications have been recognized. The recent outbreak in Central and South America has resulted in serious illness in some adult patients. We report adult patients in Latin America diagnosed with ZIKAV infection admitted to Intensive Care Units (ICUs). METHODS: Multicenter, prospective case series of adult patients with laboratory diagnosis of ZIKAV in 16 ICUs in 8 countries. RESULTS: Between December 1st 2015 and April 2nd 2016, 16 ICUs in 8 countries enrolled 49 critically ill patients with diagnosis of ZIKAV infection. We included 10 critically ill patients with ZIKAV infection, as diagnosed with RT-PCR, admitted to the ICU. Neurologic manifestations concordant with Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) were present in all patients, although 2 evolved into an encephalitis-like picture. 2 cases died, one due to encephalitis, the other septic shock. CONCLUSIONS: Differing from what was usually reported, ZIKAV infection can result in life-threatening neurologic illness in adults, including GBS and encephalitis. Collaborative reporting to identify severe illness from an emerging pathogen can provide valuable insights into disease epidemiology and clinical presentation, and inform public health authorities about acute care priorities.

Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas, del personal de enfermería en el manejo del paciente traqueostomizado en las áreas Medicina, Cirugía y Ortopedia del Hospital Militar Escuela Dr. Alejandro Dávila Bolaños, Marzo 2017 / Knowledge, attitudes and practices of nursing staff in the management of tracheostomized patients in the Medicine, Surgery and Orthopedics areas of the Dr. Alejandro Dávila Bolaños Military Hospital School, March 2017

OBJETIVO: Relacionar los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas, del personal de enfermería en el manejo del paciente con traqueostomizado en las áreas de Medicina, Cirugía y Ortopedia del Hospital Militar Escuela Dr. Alejandro Dávila Bolaños, Marzo 2017. DISEÑO: Es un estudio CAP descriptivo de corte transversal, en donde participaron 32 enfermeras/os del área de hospitalización de medicina, cirugía y ortopedia, que cumplieron con el criterio de inclusión, los que previa firma de autorización de consentimiento informado realizaron llenado de encuestas, para el análisis estadístico de datos se utilizó el programas SPSS versión 20.0. RESULTADOS: Del total de 44 personas que conformaban el universo, solo 32 decidieron aceptar participar en el estudio, El grupo etáreo de mayor relevancia fue de 20 a 25 años, con una antigüedad y ejercicio profesional de 1-4 años, siendo el sexo femenino el de mayor predominio, la mayoría del personal encuestado conoce los conceptos básicos relativos al manejo del paciente con traqueostomía, asepsia, antisepsia, técnicas de aspiración, conocen claramente cuáles son los cuidados específicos que se deben de brindar al paciente con traqueostomía y el material y equipo necesarios para la atención. Sin embargo se observó al momento de realizar los procedimientos para el cuidado no aplican la teoría en la práctica. CONCLUSIONES: El personal de enfermería a pesar de tener conocimientos básicos sobre el manejo del paciente traqueostomizado, la actitud no es adecuada puesto que al momento de la práctica no aplican el conocimiento que poseen siendo deficiente