The genetic landscape of histologically transformed marginal zone lymphomas.

BACKGROUND: Marginal zone lymphomas (MZLs) comprise a diverse group of indolent lymphoproliferative disorders; however, some patients develop histologic transformation (HT) with rapid progression to aggressive lymphoma. METHODS: Forty-three MZLs with HT (HT-MZLs), 535 MZLs, and 174 de novo diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) without rearrangements of MYC, BCL2, and BCL6 were collected. Among these, 22 HT-MZLs, 39 MZLs, and 174 DLBCLs were subjected to 148-gene targeted exome sequencing. The clinicopathologic features of patients who had HT-MZL and their genetic alterations were compared with those of patients who had MZLs and DLBCLs. RESULTS: All 43 HT-MZLs corresponded to DLBCLs. No HT-MZLs harbored BCL2 and MYC and/or BCL6 rearrangements. Bone marrow involvement and higher levels of lactate dehydrogenase were significantly more common in HT-MZLs than in MZLs. Furthermore, upregulated BCL6, MUM1, C-MYC, and Ki-67 expression was observed more frequently in HT-MZLs than in MZLs. TBL1XR1 was the most frequently altered gene (63.6%) in HT-MZLs, followed by CCND3 (31.8%), CARD11, ID3, and TP53 (22.7%). A trend toward worse progression-free survival in patients with TBL1XR1 mutations was observed. Compared with MZLs and non-germinal center B-cell (GCB) type DLBCLs, significantly higher frequencies of TBL1XR1 and ID3 mutations were identified in HT-MZLs. PIM1 mutations frequently occurred in DLBCLs and were significantly associated with TBL1XR1 mutations but were mutated less in HT-MZLs that had TBL1XR1 mutations. CONCLUSIONS: The current findings reveal the clinicopathologic and genetic features of HT-MZLs, suggesting that these tumors might constitute a group distinct from MZL and de novo non-GCB type DLBCL. TBL1XR1 mutations may be considered a predictor of HT in MZL.

The Impact of Migration Experience on Rural Residents' Mental Health: Evidence from Rural China.

Migration experience is considered to be an important factor affecting mental health. With the increasing number of rural-to-urban migrant workers returning to their hometowns, the impact of migration experience on rural residents is worthy of noting. Using the data from the 2018 China Labor Dynamics Survey, this paper took migration experience as the identification criteria for returning migrant workers and empirically examined the impact of migration experience on rural residents' mental health. Our results indicated that migration experience had a significant negative impact on the mental health of rural residents. That is, returning migrant workers had a worse mental health status than that of rural residents who never left their hometowns. Mechanism analysis showed that social support and social comparison played an intermediary role in the impact of migration experience on the mental health of rural residents. We also detected considerable heterogeneity in the effects of migration experience: the short-term returning migrant workers and the passive returning migrant workers are more likely to be negatively affected by the migration experience. Our results emphasized the mental health problem faced by returning migrant workers. The policy makers should strengthen psychological education and mental health consultation according to the intergenerational differences and individual characteristics of returning migrant workers.

Impact of Internal Migration on Sexual Attitudes in China: The Moderating Role of Internet Use.

Using nationally representative data from China, this paper investigated the impact of internal migration on sexual attitudes and whether this relationship is moderated by Internet use. We provide evidence that internal migration had a significantly positive impact on attitudes toward the acceptance of premarital sex, extramarital sex, and homosexuality. We also found that the positive nexus between internal migration and sexual attitudes was moderated by Internet use. The results further indicated that internal migration influenced sexual attitudes through extrication from traditional gender role values, the deterioration of subjective well-being, and the improvement of economic status.

Transient regulation of focal adhesion via Tensin3 is required for nascent oligodendrocyte differentiation.

The differentiation of oligodendroglia from oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) to complex and extensive myelinating oligodendrocytes (OLs) is a multistep process that involves large-scale morphological changes with significant strain on the cytoskeleton. While key chromatin and transcriptional regulators of differentiation have been identified, their target genes responsible for the morphological changes occurring during OL myelination are still largely unknown. Here, we show that the regulator of focal adhesion, Tensin3 (Tns3), is a direct target gene of Olig2, Chd7, and Chd8, transcriptional regulators of OL differentiation. Tns3 is transiently upregulated and localized to cell processes of immature OLs, together with integrin-ß1, a key mediator of survival at this transient stage. Constitutive <i>Tns3</i> loss of function leads to reduced viability in mouse and humans, with surviving knockout mice still expressing Tns3 in oligodendroglia. Acute deletion of <i>Tns3</i> in vivo, either in postnatal neural stem cells (NSCs) or in OPCs, leads to a twofold reduction in OL numbers. We find that the transient upregulation of Tns3 is required to protect differentiating OPCs and immature OLs from cell death by preventing the upregulation of p53, a key regulator of apoptosis. Altogether, our findings reveal a specific time window during which transcriptional upregulation of Tns3 in immature OLs is required for OL differentiation likely by mediating integrin-ß1 survival signaling to the actin cytoskeleton as OL undergo the large morphological changes required for their terminal differentiation.

Heterogeneous Impact of Social Integration on the Health of Rural-to-Urban Migrants in China.

BACKGROUND: While several studies have found that lower levels of social integration may lead to a deterioration in the health status of migrants, previous research on the nexus between social integration and health has generally ignored the potential endogeneity of social integration. This paper examines the heterogeneous impact of social integration on the health of rural-to-urban migrants in China by exploiting plausibly exogenous, long-term, geographic variation in dialectal diversity. METHODS: Drawing on nationally representative data from the 2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey (n = 117,446), we first regressed self-reported health on social integration using ordinary least squares estimation and then used an ordered probit model as a robustness check. Additionally, to rule out the potential endogeneity of social integration, we relied mainly on an instrumental variable approach and used dialectal diversity as a source of exogenous variation for social integration. RESULTS: We found that social integration has a significant positive impact on rural-to-urban migrants' health. We also detected considerable heterogeneity in the effects of social integration across gender, generation, and wage levels: the health status of women, more recent generation migrants, and migrants with wages in the middle of wage distribution are more likely to be affected by social integration. CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed the beneficial impact of social integration on migrants' health, which has some important policy implications. Successful migration policies should take the fundamental issue of migrants' social integration into account.

Butyrate-producing Eubacterium rectale suppresses lymphomagenesis by alleviating the TNF-induced TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB axis.

Microbiota-induced tumorigenesis is well established in solid tumors of the gastrointestinal tract but rarely explored in hematologic malignancies. To determine the role of gut microbiota in lymphoma progression, we performed metagenomic sequencing on human primary gastrointestinal B cell lymphomas. We identified a distinct microbiota profile of intestinal lymphoma, with significantly decreased symbiotic microbes, particularly the genus Eubacterium and notably butyrate-producing Eubacterium rectale. Transfer of E. rectale-deficit microbiota of intestinal lymphoma patients to mice caused inflammation and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production. Conversely, E. rectale treatment reduced TNF levels and the incidence of lymphoma in sensitized Eµ-Myc mice. Moreover, lipopolysaccharide from the resident microbiota of lymphoma patients and mice synergizes with TNF signaling and reinforces the NF-κB pathway via the MyD88-dependent TLR4 signaling, amalgamating in enhanced intestinal B cell survival and proliferation. These findings reveal a mechanism of inflammation-associated lymphomagenesis and a potential clinical rationale for therapeutic targeting of gut microbiota.

A laser wakefield acceleration facility using SG-II petawatt laser system.

Laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) using PW-class laser pulses generally requires cm-scale laser-plasma interaction Rayleigh length, which can be realized by focusing such pulses inside a long underdense plasma with a large f-number focusing optic. Here, we present a new PW-based LWFA instrument at the SG-II 5 PW laser facility, which employs f/23 focusing. The setup also adapted an online probing of the plasma density via Nomarski interferometry using a probe laser beam having 30 fs pulse duration. By focusing 1-PW, 30-fs laser pulses down to a focal spot of 230 µm, the peak laser intensity reached a mild-relativistic level of 2.6 × 1018 W/cm2, a level modest for standard LWFA experiments. Despite the large aspect ratio of >25:1 (transverse to longitudinal dimensions) of the laser pulse, electron beams were observed in our experiment only when the laser pulse experienced relativistic self-focusing at high gas-pressure thresholds, corresponding to plasma densities higher than 3 × 1018 cm-3.

"The better you feel, the harder you fall": Health perception biases and mental health among Chinese adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The health risks of the current COVID-19 pandemic, together with the drastic mitigation measures taken in many affected nations, pose an obvious threat to public mental health. To assess predictors of poor mental health in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study first implements survey-based measures of health perception biases among Chinese adults during the pandemic. Then, it analyzes their relation to three mental health outcomes: life satisfaction, happiness, and depression (as measured by the CES-D). We show that the health overconfidence displayed by approximately 30% of the survey respondents is a clear risk factor for mental health problems; it is a statistically significant predictor of depression and low levels of happiness and life satisfaction. We also document that these effects are stronger in regions that experienced higher numbers of confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths. Our results offer clear guidelines for the implementation of effective interventions to temper health overconfidence, particularly in uncontrollable situations like the COVID-19 pandemic.

Development and validation of prognostic scoring in primary intestinal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a single-institution study of 184 patients.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of primary intestinal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (PI-DLBCL) is much lower than primary gastric DLBCL, and large-scale analyses on the clinical characteristics, molecular features, therapeutic strategies, and risk stratification have been seldomly performed in PI-DLBCL. METHODS: To assess prognostic model development, 107 PI-DLBCL patients diagnosed before 2014 were studied for prognosis factors including different primary involved sites and treatment strategies. For internal validation, a non-random split sample set with 77 PI-DLBCL patients after 2014 was included for validation of the prognosis factors. RESULTS: Patients with an ileocecal lesion presented with better survival time than those with non-ileocecal sites, with surgical resection significantly influencing the prognosis. Non-ileocecal patients who underwent surgery with lymphadenectomy had superior overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) compared to those receiving surgery without lymphadenectomy or those not receiving (without) surgery. For ileocecal patients, surgery with or without lymphadenectomy resulted in better OS and PFS than those without surgery. For biomarker analysis, only BCL-2 >50% or Ki67 >80% on tumor cells indicated poor clinical outcome. In multivariate analysis, age, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score, and site of origin were independent prognostic factors for inferior OS in PI-DLBCL. A prognosis model was set up based on age, ECOG score, and site of origin, and validated well. CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis in patients with PI-DLBCL with ileocecal involvement showed was better than those with non-ileocecal involvement. Surgical strategy can impact the clinical outcome of PI-DLBCL patients.

Strain-Durable High-Conductivity Nylon-6 Fiber with 1D Nanomaterial Lamellar Cladding for Massive Production.

Electrically conductive polymer fibers with high woven properties are in demand by broad application fields. The design of these materials for massive production requires high electrical conductivity, efficient fabrication yield, and economic accessibility. Here, we proposed a technique for fabricating continuous polymer fibers coated with 1D materials. By alternately coating conducting carbon black/polyurethane (PU) composites, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), and/or Ag nanowires (AgNWs) on Nylon-6 continuous fiber, lamellar cladding forms a compact conducting shell on the core fiber. The conductive fiber was continuously fabricated using the coaxial micro-painting technique of a 1D material solution. By keeping the size of the droplet constant at the vicinity of the tip of the flexible micro-painter, the Plateau-Rayleigh (P-R) instability of the wetting layer was depressed at fiber velocity far beyond inertial wetting. The fiber with a 2 µm-thick shell exhibits a conductivity of 53 ± 8 Ω/cm at a coating weight ratio of ∼6 wt % silver corresponding to a fiber conductivity of about 1665 S/cm. The much higher strain durability of the fiber coated with SWCNTs and AgNWs' lamellar structure than the fiber coated with only silver nanowires was explained by the local interlayer conducting paths from the AgNW layer to the SWCNT layer. The fiber maintains 90% conductivity after 105 repeated folding or knotting on the monofilament. The conducting yarns were designed and fabricated into electric circuits in textile. As a typical biomedical and flexible electronic application, a low-frequency electrocardiogram (ECG) signal on these circuits was demonstrated.

[Effects of RPA1 down-regulation on the invasion and migration and cell cycle of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2R cells with radio resistance].

Objective: To investigate the effects of RPA1 silencing on the invasion, migration and cell cycle of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2R cells. Methods: shRNA technology was used to construct CNE-2R cell lines with RPA1 low-expression, which were verified by RT-PCR and Western blotting. The following assays were performed using the three 3 groups: control group(CNE-2),negative control group(NC-shRNA) and RPA1 down-regulation group(RPA1-shRNA). The effects of RPA silence on the proliferation, invasion, migration, and cell cycle of CNE-2R cells were detected using Cell Counting Kit-8, clone formation experiment, Transwell, scratch test and flow cytometry, respectively. The expressions of Chk2, p-Chk2, Cdc 25c and p-cdc25c were tested by Western blot assay. Results: The expressions of RPA1 mRNA and protein in the RPA1-shRNA group were lower than those in the CNE-2 and NC-shRNA groups significantly (P＜0.01 and 0.05). Compared with CNE-2 and NC-shRNA groups, the abilities of proliferation, invasion and migration of RPA1-shRNA group were decreased and the cell cycle in the RPA1-shRNA group was blocked in the G2/M phase (P＜0.01). The expressions of Chk2 and Cdc25c in RPA1-shRNA group cells were lower than those in CNE-2R and NC-shRNA group cells (P＜0.05), while the expressions of p-Chk2 and p-cdc25c were higher than those in the other groups (P＜0.05). Conclusion: After RPA1 silenced, the proliferation and migration of radio resistant human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2R cells was inhibited, resulting in cell cycle arrested in the G2/M phase.

Surface Integrity and Corrosion Resistance of 42CrMo4 High-Strength Steel Strengthened by Hard Turning.

To improve the surface corrosion resistance of 42CrMo4 high-strength steel used in a marine environment, this article studied the effects of hard turning on the surface integrity and corrosion resistance of 42CrMo4 high-strength steel through the single factor experimental method, namely hard turning, polarization corrosion, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization curve, and salt spray tests. The results indicated that the surface integrity was modified by the hard turning, with a surface roughness lower than Ra 0.8 µm, decreased surface microhardness, fine and uniform surface microstructure, and dominant surface residual compressive stress. The hard turning process was feasible to strengthen the surface corrosion resistance of 42CrMo4 high-strength steel. The better corrosion resistance of the surface layer than that of the substrate material can be ascribed to the uniform carbides and compact microstructure. The corrosion resistance varied with cutting speeds as a result of the changed surface microhardness and residual compressive stress, varied with feed rates as a result of the changed surface roughness, and varied with cutting depths as a result of the changed surface residual compressive stress, respectively. The surface integrity with smaller surface roughness and microhardness and bigger surface residual compressive stress was beneficial for corrosion resistance.

Effects of hydroxyethyl starch and gelatin on the risk of acute kidney injury following orthotopic liver transplantation: A multicenter retrospective comparative clinical study.

OBJECTIVES: This multicenter retrospective study aimed to compare the effects of HES and gelatin (GEL) on the risk of post-OLT AKI. METHOD: A total of 1,672 patients undergoing OLT were enrolled from major transplant centers in China between 2005 and 2013. These patients were divided into three groups: GEL, hydroxyethyl starch (HES), and GEL + HES group. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the incidence of post-OLT AKI among the GEL, HES, and GEL + HES groups. The GEL + HES group had a lower incidence of stage II post-OLT AKI than the other two groups. Compared with patients receiving GEL, patients receiving HES did not harbor an increased risk of AKI. Our results showed that MELD score (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.579; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.123-2.219; P = 0.009) and preoperative anemia (adjusted OR, 1.533; 95% CI, 1.212-1.939; P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for post-OLT AKI, and normal preoperative Scr level (vs abnormal; adjusted OR, 0.402; 95% CI, 0.222-0.729; P = 0.003) was independent protective factors for post-OLT AKI. CONCLUSION: This large-scale multicenter retrospective study found that the intraoperative use of HES did not increase the overall incidence of post-OLT AKI in patients when compared with GEL, and whether to increase the risk of post-OLT AKI needs to be further explored.

Mobile Internet Use and Multidimensional Poverty: Evidence from A Household Survey in Rural China.

Although reducing poverty has become an important issue for rural development in China, few studies have analyzed the role of mobile Internet use in multidimensional poverty. To fill this gap, this study investigated the impact of mobile Internet use on multidimensional poverty, using data collected from a household survey in rural China. Because households generally decide whether to use mobile Internet by themselves, an endogenous switching regression model was employed to control for potential selection bias. In total, 9.63% of the households were identified as multidimensionally poor and the adjusted multidimensional poverty incidence was 5.47%. The results also showed that mobile Internet use has a significant negative impact on multidimensional poverty. Further, we provide evidence of heterogeneity in the effect of mobile Internet use across regions. These findings highlight the importance of mobile Internet use in multidimensional poverty reduction strategies for rural households.

Do Quarantine Experiences and Attitudes Towards COVID-19 Affect the Distribution of Mental Health in China? A Quantile Regression Analysis.

While quarantine has become a widely used control strategy during the outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), empirical research on whether and to what extent quarantine and attitudes towards COVID-19 affect mental health is scant. Using a cross-sectional online survey, this paper is the first from the Chinese outbreak to investigate how quarantine experiences and attitudes towards COVID-19 are related to mental health, and how these relationships change across the distribution of mental health scores. Using quantile regression analysis, we found that home self-quarantine is associated with a decrease in depression and an increase in happiness, while community-level quarantine is associated with decreased happiness, especially for those in the lower happiness quantile. We also found that favorable attitudes towards COVID-19 regarding the credibility of real-time updates and confidence in the epidemic control are associated with lower levels of depression and higher levels of happiness. These effects are stronger in the upper quantile of depression and the median quantile of happiness.

Diagnosis and follow-up value of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in primary gastric non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

BACKGROUND: The lesion of primary gastric non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (PGL) originates from the submucosa, so conventional gastroscopy has limited diagnostic potential. This study evaluated the diagnosis and follow-up value of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in PGL. METHODS: Seventy-nine patients diagnosed with PGL either by EUS and biopsy pathology or by postoperative pathology were included in the study. All subjects underwent EUS with deep targeted biopsy and regular follow-up. RESULTS: We found sensitivity and specificity of EUS combined with deep targeted biopsy for PGL as 87.3% (69/79) and 80.0% (20/25) respectively, and the diagnostic accuracy as 85.6% (89/104). EUS combined with deep targeted biopsy had significantly greater diagnostic accuracy than gastroscopy [85.6% (89/104) vs. 57.7% (60/104); (P<0.001)]. The diagnostic accuracy of T tumor staging and N tumor staging of EUS were 13/13 and 11/13 respectively compared with postoperative staging. The mean time of complete remission of lymphoma after eradication treatment in the H. pylori-negative (successful eradication) group (3.2±0.7 months) was shorter than that in H. pylori-positive patients (failed eradication) group (4.5±0.8 months), there was statistically significant difference between the two groups (t=4.3, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that EUS combined with deep targeted biopsy was associated with increased detection of Primary gastric non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (PGL), in terms of depth and extent of the lesion to guide treatment selection and to evaluate treatment efficacy.

Interlayer engineering of molybdenum disulfide toward efficient electrocatalytic hydrogenation.

Electrocatalytic hydrogenation (ECH) enables the sustainable production of chemicals under ambient condition; however, suffers from serious competition with hydrogen (H2) evolution and the use of precious metals as electrocatalysts. Herein, molybdenum disulfide is for the first time developed as an efficient and noble-metal-free catalyst for ECH via in situ intercalation of ammonia or alkyl-amine cations. This interlayer engineering regulates phase transition (2H â†’ 1 T), and effectively ameliorates electronic configurations and surface hydrophobicity to promote the ECH of biomass-derived oxygenates, while prohibiting H2 evolution. The optimal one intercalated by dimethylamine (MoS2-DMA) is capable of hydrogenating furfural (FAL) to furfuryl alcohol with high Faradaic efficiency of 86.3%-73.3% and outstanding selectivity of >95.0% at -0.25 to -0.65 V (vs. RHE), outperforming MoS2 and other conventional metals. Such prominent performance stems from the enhanced chemisorption and surface hydrophobicity. The chemisorption of H intermediate and FAL, synchronously strengthened on the edge-sites of MoS2-DMA, accelerates the surface elementary step following Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. Moreover, the improved hydrophobicity benefits FAL affinity to overcome diffusion limitation. Discovering the effective modulation of MoS2 from a typical H2 evolution electrocatalyst to a promising candidate for ECH, this study broadens the scope to exploit catalysts used for electrochemical synthesis.

Chromatin accessibility of CD8 T cell differentiation and metabolic regulation.

CD8+T cells play an important role in controlling infections and tumorigenesis in vivo. naïve CD8+T cells exponentially expand and exert effector functions in response to TCR ligation. After antigen clearance, most effector CD8+T cells (Teff) experience activation-induced cell death, only a small portion becomes long-lived memory T cells (Tmem). The cell-intrinsic mechanisms driving the differentiation need further understanding. Here we used combined transposase-accessible chromatin (ATAC-seq) technology and RNA-seq analysis to explore chromatin accessibility in CD8+T cell subsets (naïve T cells, Teff, and Tmem). The data demonstrates different chromatin openness of CD8+T cell states is associated with metabolic regulation and the high accessibility of upstream binding site SP1 emerged as critical transcription factor for both Teff and Tmem in fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and glycolysis. The different presence of accessible regions in CD8+T cell subsets provides a novel perspective for understanding epigenetic mechanisms underlying T cell differentiation and related immune response.

Protective role of histone deacetylase 4 from ultraviolet radiation-induced DNA lesions.

Ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure is a core factor that leads to skin disease or carcinogenesis through the insufficient repair of DNA lesions. UVB-induced DNA lesions are mainly removed by the nucleotide excision repair (NER) mechanism. The expression of histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) is altered in the skin upon UVB exposure, indicating its possible implication in UVB-induced DNA lesions repair. Here, we investigated the role of HDAC4 in the NER removal of the main classes of UVB-induced DNA lesions consisting of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and pyrimidine (6-4) pyrimidone photoproducts (6-4PPs). We found that UVB irradiation increased HDAC4 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. HDAC4 interacted with NER factor XPC, which played an important role in effectively removing the UVB-induced DNA lesions. This study provides an understanding of the HDAC4 function in DNA repair, which will allow the development of efficient strategies to protect the skin from UVR-induced diseases.