ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the humoral and cellular responses of commercial multiparous and hyper-immunized sows against peptides from non-structural (nsp) and structural proteins of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). We selected sows with different numbers of parities from a commercial farm. Management practices on this farm include the use of the MLV commercial vaccine four times per year, plus two vaccinations during the acclimation period. The humoral response was evaluated via the antibody recognition of peptides from nsp and structural proteins, and the cellular response was assessed by measuring the frequency of peptide and PRRSV-specific IFN-gamma-secreting cells (IFNγ-SC). Our results show that sows with six parities have more antibodies against peptides from structural proteins than against peptides from nsp. The analysis of the cellular response revealed that the number of immunizations did not affect the frequency of IFNγ-SC and that the response was stronger against peptides from structural proteins (M protein) than against nsp (nsp2). In summary, these results demonstrate that multiparous, hyper-immunized sows have a stronger immune humoral response to PRRSV structural peptides than nsp, but no differences in IFNγ-SC against the same peptides were observed.
ABSTRACT
Cuando se desea cuantificar el número de bacterias presentes en múltiples muestras, los procedimientos de rutina suelen consumir mucho tiempo. En ese periodo las muestras podrían sufrir modificaciones en su población. En el presente trabajo se evaluó una metodología alternativa para cuantificar bacterias cultivables de forma masiva, rápida y económica en la que se implica el sellado, estampado o impresión de diluciones seriadas de muestras de diversa procedencia. El tiempo requerido para preparar 22 muestras para su sellado en placa es de 15 minutos. El método se basó en realizar diluciones seriadas (base 10) de las muestras líquidas originales contenidas en una placa multipozos con la ayuda de una pipeta multicanal. Después, con un replicador se tomó un volumen (aproximadamente 1,65 µl) de muestra de cada pozo, que se inoculó por sellado en un medio de crecimiento gelificado de interés. Las placas se incubaron el tiempo necesario, se contó el número de colonias presentes en la dilución contable y se calculó el número de Unidades Formadoras de Colonia por mililitro (UFC/ml) para cada muestra. La metodología se denominó "Goteo por Sellado en Placa Masivo" (GSPM) y ha sido aplicada para cuantificar exitosamente bacterias provenientes de diferentes muestras de laboratorio, por ejemplo, de cultivos líquidos, muestras clínicas (como exudados y secreciones) y bacterias presentes en la rizósfera de plantas de maíz. Sin embargo, la metodología GSPM podría aplicarse para contabilizar masivamente a bacterias de cualquier otra procedencia.
In an attempt to quantify the number of bacteria present in a high number of samples, routine procedures are usually very time-consuming. During this period of time, bacterial population could be modified. In this work, an alternative for a massive, quick and economic method was evaluated in order to count viable bacteria, consisting in the sealing or stamping of serial dilutions performed in samples from different origins. The time required to prepare 22 samples for plate stamping is only 15 minutes. The quantification was based in performing serial dilutions (10-fold) of the original liquid samples contained in a multiwell plate using a multichannel micropipette. Afterwards, using a replicator, the same volume of each sample (approximately 1,65 µl) was recovered from each well, and then it was inoculated and sealed in a solid growth media of interest. Plates were incubated as needed, colonies were counted in the quantifiable dilution and Colony Forming Units per milliliter (CFU/ml) was calculated for each sample. We called this method "Massive Stamping Drop Plate" (MSDP) and it has been successfully applied to count bacteria from different lab samples, including liquid cultures, clinical samples (exudates and secretions) and bacteria recovered from the rhizosphere of corn plants. However, MSDP could also be applied to massively count bacteria from any other source.