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2.
Femina ; 51(10): 604-613, 20231030. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1532464

ABSTRACT

A incidência de trauma durante a gestação é de 6% a 8% (formas graves de trauma: 3%-6%). Das gestantes que necessitam de internação por causa de um trauma, 60% evoluem para o parto. As gestantes têm 1,6 vez mais chances de morrer numa situação de trauma. As alterações anatômicas e fisiológicas da gestação interferem nas repercussões e na abordagem do trauma. A violência doméstica representa o mecanismo mais comum de trauma para a gestante e desencadeia várias complicações obstétricas, devendo ser, idealmente, identificada no pré-natal. No acidente automobilístico, atenção especial deve ser dada ao diagnóstico de descolamento prematuro de placenta (DPP). O ultrassom na sala de trauma possibilita ação na assistência ao trauma e também, como mecanismo rápido, informações necessárias sobre o feto e a gestação (FAST fetal). A maioria dos exames de imagem necessários para a boa assistência ao trauma não representa agravos à gestação. O pré-natal tem papel importante na prevenção dos traumas na gestação. A ação conjunta do cirurgião do trauma e do obstetra é recomendada no atendimento da gestante traumatizada, principalmente nos casos graves e em gestantes acima de 20-24 semanas


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Pregnancy , Obstetrics/statistics & numerical data , Prenatal Care , Ultrasonics/instrumentation , Accidents, Traffic/prevention & control , Domestic Violence/statistics & numerical data , Fetal Development , Abruptio Placentae/prevention & control , Maternal Death/prevention & control
5.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 44(10): 999-1009, Oct. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1423259

ABSTRACT

Key points Pregnancy places a metabolic overload on the maternal thyroid, especially in the first trimester, mainly because of the demand imposed by the conceptus. The fetal thyroid becomes functionally mature only around pregnancy week 20. Until then, the fetus depends on the transfer of maternal thyroid hormones (THs). Thyroid hormones are essential for the adequate fetal neurofunctional and cognitive development. Hypothyroidism brings higher risks of obstetric and fetal complications, namely, first-trimester miscarriage, preeclampsia and gestational hypertension, placental abruption, prematurity, low birth weight, and higher perinatal morbidity and mortality. Primary hypothyroidism (involvement of the gland with difficulty in producing and/or releasing TH) is the most common form of disease presentation, with the main etiology of Hashimoto's thyroiditis of autoimmune origin. In about 85%-90% of cases of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, antithyroid antibodies are present; the antithyroperoxidase (ATPO) is the most frequent. Positivity for ATPO is determined when circulating values exceed the upper limit of the laboratory reference. It implies greater risks of adverse maternal-fetal outcomes. Such a correlation occurs even in ranges of maternal euthyroidism. The critical point for the diagnosis of hypothyroidism during pregnancy is an elevation of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). The measurement of free thyroxine (FT4) differentiates between subclinical and overt hypothyroidism. In subclinical hypothyroidism, FT4 is within the normal range, whereas in overt hypothyroidism, FT4 values are below the lower limit of the laboratory reference. Treatment of hypothyroidism is performed with levothyroxine (LT4) replacement with the aim of achieving adequate TSH levels for pregnancy. Some women have a previous diagnosis of hypothyroidism, and may or may not be compensated at the beginning of pregnancy. Even in compensated cases, the increase in LT4 dose is necessary as soon as possible. In the postpartum period, adjustment of the LT4 dose depends on the condition of previous disease, on the positivity for ATPO, and also on the value of LT4 in use at the end of pregnancy. Recommendations In places with full technical and financial conditions, TSH testing should be performed for all pregnant women (universal screening) as early as possible, ideally at the beginning of the first trimester or even in preconception planning. In places with less access to laboratory tests, screening is reserved for cases with greater risk factors for decompensation, namely: previous thyroidectomy or radioiodine therapy, type 1 diabetes mellitus or other autoimmune diseases, presence of goiter, previous history of hypo or hyperthyroidism or previous ATPO positivity. The TSH dosage should be repeated throughout pregnancy only in these cases. The diagnosis of hypothyroidism is made from the TSH value > 4.0 mIU/L. Pregnant women with previous hypothyroidism, overt hypothyroidism diagnosed during pregnancy or those with the above-mentioned higher risk factors for decompensation should be referred for risk antenatal care, preferably in conjunction with the endocrinologist. Overt hypothyroidism in pregnancy is identified when TSH > 10 mIU/L, and treatment with LT4 is readily recommended at an initial dose of 2 mcg/kg/day. TSH values > 4.0 mUI/L and ≤ 10.0 mUI/L require FT4 measurement with two diagnostic possibilities: overt hypothyroidism when FT4 levels are below the lower limit of the laboratory reference, or subclinical hypothyroidism when FT4 levels are normal. The treatment for subclinical hypothyroidism is LT4 at an initial dose of 1 mcg/kg/day, and the dose should be doubled upon diagnosis of overt hypothyroidism. In cases of TSH > 2.5 and ≤ 4.0 mIU/L, if there are complete conditions, ATPO should be measured. If positive (above the upper limit of normal), treatment with LT4 at a dose of 50 mcg/day is indicated. If conditions are not complete, the repetition of the TSH dosage should be done only for cases at higher risk. In these cases, treatment with LT4 will be established when TSH > 4.0 mIU/L at a dose of 1 mcg/kg/day; if needed, the dose can be adjusted after FT4 evaluation. Women with previous hypothyroidism should have their LT4 dose adjusted to achieve TSH < 2.5 mIU/L at preconception. As soon as they become pregnant, they need a 30% increase in LT4 as early as possible. In practice, they should double the usual dose on two days a week. Levothyroxine should be given 30-60 minutes before breakfast or three hours or more after the last meal. Concomitant intake with ferrous sulfate, calcium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide and sucralfate should be avoided. The target of LT4 therapy during pregnancy is to achieve a TSH value < 2.5 mIU/L. Once the therapy is started, monthly control must be performed until the mentioned goal is reached. In the postpartum period, women with previous disease should resume the preconception dose. Cases diagnosed during pregnancy in use of LT4 ≤ 50 mcg/day may have the medication suspended. The others should reduce the current dose by 25% to 50% and repeat the TSH measurement in six weeks. Cases of ATPO positivity are at higher risk of developing postpartum thyroiditis and de-escalation of LT4 should be performed as explained.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Hyperthyroidism/diagnosis , Hypothyroidism/diagnosis
9.
Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) ; 55(2): 169-74, 2009.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19488653

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: to study the relation between amniotic fluid volume and glycemic control in pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2, followed in a specialized multidisciplinary prenatal care service. METHODS: This descriptive study was performed between January 2001 and December 2004. Inclusion criteria were: simple pregnancy, diagnosis of pregestational diabetes, beginning of prenatal care before the 26th week and absence of fetal anomaly. Cases with newborns small for gestational age were excluded. The amniotic fluid index (AFI) was measured weekly, beginning at the 27th week of gestation and continued until delivery and the maternal glycemic profile was obtained a week before ultrasound assessment. This profile consisted of the glycemic level averages and percentages of the abnormal high values. Correlation between the glycemic profile and the AFI was shown by the Spearman correlation test. RESULTS: Sixty pregnant women were assessed and 659 correlations between the AFI and glycemic profile were obtained. No correlation was observed in any of the gestational weeks studied. The mean glycemic value was 103.69 mg/dl (SD=13.69) in the group with AFI pound18 cm, and the 103.67 mg/dl (SD=11.46) in the group with AFI < 18 cm and no significant difference was detected. CONCLUSION: This study showed no correlation between AFI and maternal glycemic profile during the third trimester in type 1 and 2 diabetic pregnant women, undergoing standardized treatment and rigorous metabolic control.


Subject(s)
Amniotic Fluid/diagnostic imaging , Blood Glucose/analysis , Diabetes Mellitus/blood , Pregnancy in Diabetics/blood , Adult , Female , Gestational Age , Humans , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Trimester, Third/physiology , Statistics, Nonparametric , Ultrasonography
10.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992, Impr.) ; 55(2): 169-174, 2009. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-514816

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Estudar a relação entre o volume de líquido amniótico e o perfil glicêmico em gestantes com Diabetes mellitus tipo 1 e tipo 2 acompanhadas em ambulatório especializado e multidisciplinar. MÉTODOS: Este estudo observacional foi realizado entre janeiro de 2001 e dezembro de 2004. Os critérios de inclusão adotados foram: gestação única, diagnóstico de Diabetes mellitus pré-gestacional, início do pré-natal antes da 26ª semana, ausência de anomalias fetais. Foram excluídos os casos em que o recém-nascido apresentou-se pequeno para a idade gestacional. O índice de líquido amniótico (ILA) foi avaliado semanalmente a partir da 27ª semana de gestação até o parto e comparado com o perfil glicêmico da semana precedente ao exame ultrassonográfico. O perfil glicêmico foi analisado pela média glicêmica. A correlação entre o perfil glicêmico e ILA foi analisada pelo índice de Spearman. RESULTADOS: Foram estudadas 60 gestantes, perfazendo um total de 659 correlações entre o ILA e o perfil glicêmico. Em nenhuma idade gestacional estudada houve correlação entre o ILA e o perfil glicêmico. No grupo com ILA <18 cm a média glicêmica foi de 103,7 mg/dl (13,69) e no grupo com ILA > 18 cm a média glicêmica foi de 103,67 mg/dl (DP=11,46), não apresentando diferença significativa. CONCLUSÃO: Em gestantes diabéticas tipo 1 e 2, com tratamento padronizado e controle rigoroso metabólico, não houve relação entre o ILA e o perfil glicêmico materno no terceiro trimestre de gestação.


BACKGROUND: to study the relation between amniotic fluid volume and glycemic control in pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2, followed in a specialized multidisciplinary prenatal care service. METHODS: This descriptive study was performed between January 2001 and December 2004. Inclusion criteria were: simple pregnancy, diagnosis of pregestational diabetes, beginning of prenatal care before the 26th week and absence of fetal anomaly. Cases with newborns small for gestational age were excluded. The amniotic fluid index (AFI) was measured weekly, beginning at the 27th week of gestation and continued until delivery and the maternal glycemic profile was obtained a week before ultrasound assessment. This profile consisted of the glycemic level averages and percentages of the abnormal high values. Correlation between the glycemic profile and the AFI was shown by the Spearman correlation test. RESULTS: Sixty pregnant women were assessed and 659 correlations between the AFI and glycemic profile were obtained. No correlation was observed in any of the gestational weeks studied. The mean glycemic value was 103.69 mg/dl (SD=13.69) in the group with AFI £18 cm, and the 103.67 mg/dl (SD=11.46) in the group with AFI < 18 cm and no significant difference was detected. CONCLUSION: This study showed no correlation between AFI and maternal glycemic profile during the third trimester in type 1 and 2 diabetic pregnant women, undergoing standardized treatment and rigorous metabolic control.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Amniotic Fluid , Blood Glucose/analysis , Diabetes Mellitus/blood , Pregnancy in Diabetics/blood , Gestational Age , Pregnancy Trimester, Third/physiology , Statistics, Nonparametric
11.
J Clin Ultrasound ; 36(4): 193-9, 2008 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18286516

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To build nomograms of fetal thyroid circumference (FTC), fetal thyroid area (FTA), and fetal thyroid transverse diameter (FTTD) throughout gestational age (GA). METHOD: Between January 2006 and July 2006, FTC, FTA, and FTTD were measured once in 196 normal fetuses examined at a GA of 22-35 weeks. Inclusion criteria were a healthy mother with normal maternal thyrotropin level during pregnancy, a singleton pregnancy with normal fetal morphology on sonography, and GA confirmed via first-trimester sonographic examination. RESULTS: Mean FTC, FTA, and FTTD ranged from 3.21 cm, 0.58 cm(2), and 1.19 cm at 22 weeks to 5.11 cm, 1.69 cm(2), and 1.89 cm at 35 weeks, respectively. Linear regression analysis yielded the following formulas for FTC, FTA, and FTTD according to GA: FTC (cm) = 0.146 x GA (weeks); FTA (cm(2)) = -1.289 + 0.085 x GA (weeks); FTTD (cm) = 0.054 x GA (weeks). The following logarithmic formulas were obtained for the expected fetal thyroid measurements according to estimated fetal weight (FW): FTC (cm) = -4.791 + 1.265 x logN FW; FTA (cm(2)) = -1.676 + 0.455 x logN FW; and FTTD (cm) = 0.399 + 0.001 x logN FW. CONCLUSION: We describe new nomograms of fetal thyroid measurements throughout gestation that may be useful in case of thyroid dysfunction.


Subject(s)
Thyroid Gland/diagnostic imaging , Thyroid Gland/embryology , Ultrasonography, Prenatal , Female , Gestational Age , Humans , Linear Models , Nomograms , Pregnancy
12.
Femina ; 35(3): 161-165, mar. 2007.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-464805

ABSTRACT

A perda gestacional precoce (PGP) é uma complicação obstétrica comum e ocorre entre 15-20 porcento das gestações. Nos últimos anos tem havido maior interesse por métodos não-cirúrgicos de tratamento da PGP. Dentre esses métodos destacam-se o tratamento medicamentoso e a conduta expectante. Estudos recentes demonstram que a conduta expectante em casos de PGP apresenta taxas variáveis de sucesso, dependendo, principalmente, do tipo de PGP. Relatam, ainda, que a conduta expectante é método seguro e não apresenta maior risco de complicações, como infecção e hemorragia, quando comparada com o tratamento cirúrgico e medicamentoso. A conduta expectante deve ser esclarecida e oferecida para todas as pacientes com PGP não complicada, visto que é segura, eficaz e bem tolerada. Este tipo de terapêutica na PGP pode levar à diminuição de 50-90 porcento no número de curetagens realizadas, evitando suas complicações e proporcionando tratamento menos dispendioso.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Abortion, Incomplete , Abortion, Missed , Curettage , Patient Participation , Pregnancy Complications , Pregnancy Trimester, First , Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color , Ultrasonography, Prenatal
13.
Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) ; 52(5): 304-7, 2006.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17160302

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To compare manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) and uterine curettage (D and C) for first trimester abortions, in terms of the efficiency of eliminating ovular remnants, frequency of complications, duration of the procedure, and duration of patients' hospitalization. METHODS: In a prospective study, 50 patients in the MVA group and 50 in the D&C group were randomly included. Inclusion criteria were: spontaneous abortion, gestational age less than 13 weeks, patent cervix, endometrial thickness >15 mm, afebrile state, and hemoglobin >10 g/dl. Blood samples were collected before and after surgical procedures for control of hemoglobin levels. Anesthesia was performed in all cases. The time required for each surgical procedure was recorded. RESULTS: Groups were similar regarding gestational age (9.93 +/- 2.40 vs 9.73 +/- 2.58 weeks; p = 0.71) and endometrial thickness before surgery (22.14 +/- 4.80 vs 22.68 +/- 5.68 mm; p = 0.65). There were no surgical or anesthetic complications in either group. Durations of the procedure and of hospitalization were significantly shorter in the MVA group (3.71 vs 10.18 min, p < 0.001, and 14.18 vs 23.06 h, p = 0.03, respectively). Decrease of hemoglobin levels was greater after the surgical procedure in the D and C group (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: MVA caused less blood loss, was less time consuming, and resulted in shorter hospitalization. However, both surgical procedures were found to be efficient for treatment of incomplete abortions during the first trimester of pregnancy, with no complications after both treatments.


Subject(s)
Abortion, Incomplete/surgery , Curettage/standards , Abortion, Incomplete/blood , Adult , Analysis of Variance , Curettage/adverse effects , Female , Humans , Length of Stay , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Trimester, First , Prospective Studies , Statistics, Nonparametric , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Uterine Diseases/etiology , Vacuum Curettage/adverse effects , Vacuum Curettage/standards
14.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992, Impr.) ; 52(5): 304-307, set.-out. 2006. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-439648

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Comparar aspiração manual intra-uterina (AMIU) com curetagem uterina (D&C) em abortamentos no primeiro trimestre no que se refere a eficiência para eliminar restos ovulares do método de aspiração manual intra-uterina com a dilatação e curetagem, ocorrência de complicações (perfuração uterina, laceração cervical, hemorragia pós-tratamento), tempo duração dos procedimentos e tempo de internação das pacientes. MÉTODOS: Cinqüenta pacientes no grupo AMIU e 50 pacientes no grupo D&C foram incluídas prospectivamente de maneira aleatória. Critérios de inclusão: abortamento espontâneo, idade gestacional de até 13 semanas, colo pérvio, espessura endometrial maior que 15 mm, estado afebril, hemoglobina superior a 10 g/dl. Amostras sangüíneas foram colhidas antes e após os procedimentos cirúrgicos para controle dos níveis de hemoglobina; anestesia foi realizada em todos os casos. O tempo para realização de cada procedimento cirúrgico foi cronometrado. RESULTADOS: Os grupos eram semelhantes quanto à idade gestacional (9,93±2,40; 9,73±2,58, p 0,71), espessura endometrial antes da cirurgia (22,14±4,80; 22,68±5,68, p 0,65). Não foram observadas complicações cirúrgicas ou anestésicas em nenhum grupo. Os tempos de realização do procedimento e internação foram significativamente menores nas pacientes do grupo AMIU (3,71; 10,18 min, p < 0,001) (14,18; 23,06 h, p 0,03). O decréscimo nos níveis de hemoglobina após o procedimento cirúrgico foi maior no grupo D&C (p= 0,02). CONCLUSÃO: A AMIU possibilita menor perda sangüínea, requer menor tempo de realização do procedimento e menor tempo de internação hospitalar. Entretanto, ambos os procedimentos cirúrgicos mostraram-se eficientes para o tratamento de abortamentos incompletos no primeiro trimestre da gestação, não havendo complicações após a realização dos tratamentos.


OBJECTIVES: To compare manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) and uterine curettage (D&C) for first trimester abortions, in terms of the efficiency of eliminating ovular remnants, frequency of complications, duration of the procedure, and duration of patients' hospitalization. METHODS: In a prospective study, 50 patients in the MVA group and 50 in the D&C group were randomly included. Inclusion criteria were: spontaneous abortion, gestational age less than 13 weeks, patent cervix, endometrial thickness >15 mm, afebrile state, and hemoglobin >10 g/dl. Blood samples were collected before and after surgical procedures for control of hemoglobin levels. Anesthesia was performed in all cases. The time required for each surgical procedure was recorded. RESULTS: Groups were similar regarding gestational age (9.93 ± 2.40 vs 9.73 ± 2.58 weeks; p = 0.71) and endometrial thickness before surgery (22.14 ± 4.80 vs 22.68 ± 5.68 mm; p = 0.65). There were no surgical or anesthetic complications in either group. Durations of the procedure and of hospitalization were significantly shorter in the MVA group (3.71 vs 10.18 min, p < 0.001, and 14.18 vs 23.06 h, p = 0.03, respectively). Decrease of hemoglobin levels was greater after the surgical procedure in the D&C group (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: MVA caused less blood loss, was less time consuming, and resulted in shorter hospitalization. However, both surgical procedures were found to be efficient for treatment of incomplete abortions during the first trimester of pregnancy, with no complications after both treatments.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Abortion, Incomplete/surgery , Vacuum Curettage/standards , Abortion, Incomplete/blood , Analysis of Variance , Curettage/adverse effects , Curettage/standards , Length of Stay , Pregnancy Trimester, First , Prospective Studies , Statistics, Nonparametric , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Uterine Diseases/etiology , Vacuum Curettage/adverse effects
15.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 27(12): 712-718, dez. 2005. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-429417

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: verificar os padrões da freqüência cardíaca de fetos grandes para a idade gestacional (GIG), em gestantes com diabete melito pré-gestacional. MÉTODOS: sessenta e quatro gestantes diabéticas pré-gestacionais foram avaliadas semanalmente quanto à vitalidade fetal. Os critérios de inclusão foram: diagnóstico pré-gestacional de diabetes melito, gestacão única, feto vivo, ausência de anomalia fetal e cardiotocografia computadorizada realizada na 37ª semana. Os critérios de exclusão foram: diagnóstico pós-natal de anomalia fetal e parto não realizado na instituicão. Os padrões da freqüência cardíaca fetal (FCF) foram investigados pela cardiotocografia computadorizada (Sistema-8002 Sonicaid). Os parâmetros foram analisados de acordo com a classificacão pela adequacão do peso do recém-nascido em GIG (acima do percentil 90 para a idade gestacional). Os parâmetros cardiotocográficos incluíram: FCF basal, aceleracões, episódios de alta variacão, episódios de baixa variacão e variacão de curto prazo. RESULTADOS: do total, 42 pacientes preencheram os critérios propostos. Houve 10 recém-nascidos GIG (23,8 por cento). A cardiotocografia apresentou resultado normal em todos os casos. As aceleracões da FCF (superiores a 15 bpm) estavam presentes em 7 (70 por cento) dos casos GIG e em 29 (90,6 por cento) dos casos não GIG (p=0,135). A freqüência dessas aceleracões foi maior no grupo não GIG (1,5n1,3 aceleracões/10 min) quando comparado ao grupo GIG (0,8n0,9 aceleracões/10 min, p=0,04, teste de Mann-Whitney). Os episódios de alta variacão foram detectados em todos os casos. A média da variacão nesses episódios foi diferente no grupo GIG (16,2n2,5 bpm) quando comparado ao não GIG (19,7n4,2 bpm, p=0,02, teste de Mann-Whitney). CONCLUSÕES: os padrões da FCF verificados em fetos não GIG (maior freqüência de aceleracões e a maior variacão da FCF em episódios de alta variacão) refletem parâmetros comumente analisados pela cardiotocografia tradicional na higidez fetal. Esse fato sugere a existência de padrões indicativos de melhor condicão de oxigenacão dos fetos menos comprometidos pelos efeitos do diabetes na gravidez.


Subject(s)
Female , Pregnancy , Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Cardiotocography , Diabetes Mellitus , Fetal Macrosomia , Heart Rate, Fetal
16.
Femina ; 33(10): 783-787, out. 2005.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-458432

ABSTRACT

Os autores realizaram uma revisão da literatura sobre intervenção não-farmacológica empregada no acompanhamento da parturiente, para aliviar a dor e melhorar a evolução do trabalho de parto. Foram pesquisados seis recursos fisioterapêuticos: hidroterapia, estimulação elétrica transcutânea, massagem, acupuntura, movimento e posição materna durante o trabalho de parto. Entre esses, a postura vertical e a movimentação da parturiente têm grande influência facilitando o trabalho de parto, tanto na analgesia da dor como na duração da fase ativa do trabalho de parto. Apresentam também dados preliminares de uma pesquisa em andamento sobre intervenção da fisioterapia durante o trabalho de parto. No grupo das parturientes acompanhadas os resultados indicam maior incidência de partos vaginais, duração menor do período da fase ativa do trabalho de parto, maior tolerância à dor e menor uso de medicação, quando comparados com grupo controle


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Acupuncture Therapy , Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation , Hydrotherapy , Labor, Obstetric , Massage , Physical Therapy Specialty , Pain
17.
Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) ; 49(3): 330-4, 2003.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14666361

ABSTRACT

The authors go review recent advanes in the treatment of gestational diabetes, giving emphasis to the peculiarities of this both clinical and obstetric disease. The covered topics covered include diet, exercise, metabolic control, insulin therapy and new therapeutic approaches, such as the use of oral hipoglycaemic agents.


Subject(s)
Diabetes, Gestational/therapy , Blood Glucose , Diabetes, Gestational/diet therapy , Diabetes, Gestational/drug therapy , Exercise , Female , Humans , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Insulin/administration & dosage , Male , Pregnancy
18.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992, Impr.) ; 49(3): 330-334, jul.-set. 2003.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-349571

ABSTRACT

Neste artigo, os autores analisam os mais recentes avanços no tratamento do diabetes gestacional, enfatizando pontos importantes na abordagem terapêutica: dieta, exercícios, controle glicêmico, utilizaçäo da insulina, assim como a utilizaçäo de hipoglicemiantes orais. O artigo traz propostas atuais para o tratamento do diabetes melito gestacional bem como ressaltar suas peculiaridades quanto patologia clínico-obstétrica


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Diabetes, Gestational , Blood Glucose , Exercise , Diabetes, Gestational , Hypoglycemic Agents , Insulin
20.
Rev. ginecol. obstet ; 14(1): 26-28, jan.-mar. 2003.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-344013

ABSTRACT

Varios tipos de tratamento tem sido propostos para a perda gestacional precoce. Os autores discorrem sobre o misoprostol, sua farmacocinetica e seu uso no...


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Abortion, Habitual , Misoprostol , Pregnancy Complications , Abortion, Missed , Administration, Intravaginal , Cervical Ripening , Misoprostol
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