Diagnosis and Management of Osgood Schlatter Disease.

Osgood Schlatter disease is the inflammation of the tibial tubercle, right below the patella. It is prevalent in athletic adolescents experiencing growth plate maturation due to puberty. This case study highlights the main causes and symptoms of Osgood Schlatter disease (OSD) and relates them to a case about a 10-year-old girl who runs daily and is going through puberty. The authors also discuss recent research regarding OSD, which suggests that OSD will typically conclude after the child stops growing. Surgery is only needed in extreme cases where the growth or inflammation at the tibia continues to push onto the shinbone, even after puberty.

Exploring the role of neutral ligands in modulating the photoluminescence of samarium complexes with 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedione.

Four eight-coordinated luminescent samarium complexes of type [Sm(hfpd)3L2] and [Sm(hfpd)3L'] [where hfpd = 1,1,1,5,5,5-Hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedione L = tri-octyl-phosphine oxide (TOPO) and L' = 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), neocuproine (neoc) and bathocuproine (bathoc) were synthesized via a stoichiometrically controlled approach. This allows for precise control over the stoichiometry of the complexes, leading to reproducible properties. This investigation focuses on understanding the impact of secondary ligands on the luminescent properties of these complexes. Infrared (IR) spectra provided information about the molecular structures, whereas 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra confirmed these structural details along with the coordination of ligands to trivalent Sm ion. The UV-vis spectra revealed the molar absorption coefficient and absorption bands associated with the hfpd ligand and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy demonstrated intense orange-red emission (648 nm relative to 4G5/2 → 6H9/2) from the complexes. The Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage (CIE) triangles indicated that the complexes emitted warm orange red light with color coordinates (x, y) ranging from (0.62, 0.36) to (0.40, 0.27). The investigation of the band gap as well as color parameters confirms the utility of these complexes in displays and LEDs.

Optimizing white light emission in Dy(iii) complexes: impact of energy transfer from mono and bidentate ligands on luminescence.

Complexes of dysprosium(iii) ions with 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedione featuring various mono and bi-dentate neutral ligands have been prepared and thoroughly investigated. The synthesized complexes exhibit an octa-coordinated environment, achieved by stoichiometrically combining organic ligands and Dy(iii) ions. This octa-coordination environment of Dy(iii) ion was confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and elemental analysis. Near-white light (NWL) is emitted when complexes were exposed to UV radiation, indicating a significant flow of energy from the sensitizing moieties towards the Dy(iii) ion. This NWL emission might have resulted due to a balance between the intensities corresponding to emission peaks at 480 nm (blue) and 575 nm (yellow) in Dy1-Dy3. Emission spectra recorded at different excitation wavelength were utilized to study the tunability of CIE color coordinates. In addition to their high thermal stability, the complexes display bipolar paramagnetic shifts in their NMR spectra. The 4F9/2 → 6H13/2 transition, contributing ∼62% of the total emission, stands out as a promising candidate for laser amplification due to its dominance in the emission spectra. Additionally, NWL emission observed in a solid Dy(iii) complex opens intriguing possibilities for its application in next-generation white-light emitting devices.

Successful Management of a Ruptured Interstitial Pregnancy: A Case Report.

Interstitial pregnancy is a rare entity that usually leads to the rupture of the uterus. The difficulty and delay in diagnosing this condition have been reported to cause high mortality rates. Here, we present the case of a 36-year-old woman who presented to the emergency department with severe epigastric pain and hemodynamic instability. Her current gestational age (GA) could not be accurately measured as she was unbooked and had irregular periods. However, by abdominal examination, the GA was estimated to be 38 weeks, whereas by ultrasound it was approximately 28 weeks. It was also noted that the uterus was empty, and the fetus was found in the abdominal cavity. Hence, a working diagnosis of uterine rupture was made and the patient was taken for emergency laparotomy. The patient delivered an alive 1.2 kg baby. Intraoperatively, the placenta was implanted in the interstitial part of the right fallopian tube. The placenta was then excised and right salpingectomy was performed, following which the abdomen was closed in layers. Postoperatively, the patient made an uneventful recovery and was discharged home in stable condition; however, the baby passed away due to complications related to extreme prematurity.

Case of Cornual Uterine Rupture in Subsequent Pregnancy Following Laparoscopic Removal of Cornual Ectopic Pregnancy.

Uterine rupture during pregnancy is a critical obstetric complication associated with maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. We present a case of uterine rupture at 27 weeks of gestation, following a previous cornual pregnancy managed laparoscopically. Our case report underlines the importance of multilayered uterine wall repair following the resection of cornual ectopic pregnancy to avoid such potentially catastrophic sequelae.

Effects of the COVID-19 Infection on Women's Menstrual Cycle: A Retrospective Study at Latifa Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all of us in one way or another. The menstrual cycle is a reflection of the female reproductive system, and it is influenced by various factors including stress and infections. Although there is little information available about how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected women's reproductive health, it has had a significant impact on women. Objective The main objective of our study is to identify if there are any menstrual disturbances following COVID-19 infection in women. Study design Our study is a retrospective study wherein 700 women recovering from COVID-19 infection were asked about any new menstrual disturbances after the infection. We collected the data using questionnaires and analyzed the data using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS, version 26) (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Armonk, NY). Results Our study showed no dysmenorrhea in 90% of the participants, 81% reported no change in menstrual flow rate, a vast majority (93%) denied experiencing amenorrhea, only 4% reported a new onset of intermenstrual bleeding, and 1% reported postmenopausal bleeding. Conclusion There was no significant change in the participants' menstrual cycle following COVID-19 infection.

General Anxiety Disorder in Youth: A National Survey.

General Anxiety Disorder has become an increasing problem in the youth population. The authors conducted a survey of youth ages 16-24, on what life is like for those who are living with anxiety. In this cohort of 200, the youngest participants were the least likely to be diagnosed, see a professional, and take medication for their anxiety. A significant number said that anxiety affects their day-to-day lives and also causes many physical side effects.

Fluoride Release From Glass Ionomer Cement Containing Fluoroapatite And Hydroxyapatite.

BACKGROUND: Many investigators reported the amount of fluoride release from glass ionomer cement. However, the work on fluoride release from GIC containing fluoroapatite and hydroxyapatite is scarce. Therefore, this study was conducted to find out the amount of fluoride release from Glass ionomer cement containing fluoroapatite and hydroxyapatite. METHODS: The study was conducted in the Department of Materials, Queen Marry University of London. A total of 108 samples equally divided in to three groups namely fluoroapatite added GIC, Hydroxyapatite added GIC as an experimental group and unmodified GIC as a control group. The specimens were prepared by mixing powder and liquid in the ratio of 1:1. Amount of fluoride released was measured by Ion electrode method at 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. RESULTS: On day 1, the combination of FA +GIC showed the highest amount of fluoride release followed by the control group (GIC) whereas the combination of HA+GIC released the least amount of fluoride. On day 7, the amount of fluoride release started declining in all three groups. The amount of fluoride release continued decreasing on day 21 in which combination of FA +GIC and the control group are shown to release equal amount of fluoride whereas the combination of HA+GIC gave the least activity the amount of fluoride release fall to a minimum level in all three group by day 28. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that addition of fluoroapatite into GIC has significant effect on the amount of fluoride release as compared to GIC alone; however, addition of hydroxyapatite into GIC has no additive effect on the amount of fluoride release.

Measure Of Frequency Of Alveolar Osteitis Using Two Different Methods Of Osteotomy In Mandibular Third Molar Impactions: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND: Dento-alveolar surgical procedures involving third molar teeth are the most common surgical procedure in the field of surgery. The objective of this research was to analyse the impact of surgery on the incidence of alveolar osteitis after surgical removal of mandibular third molar and to compare two different bone cutting methods following impacted mandibular third molar surgery.. METHODS: This double blinded randomized clinical trial was executed at the OPD of Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi. The study duration was four months. It was conducted on 60 patients needing unilateral mandibular third molar impaction removal. Patients were randomized to two groups (i.e., physio dispenser group and slow speed handpiece group) before surgery. The surgical procedure was performed under local anaesthesia by using standardized cross infection protocol. The frequency of alveolar osteitis was evaluated on thirdday postoperatively. Alveolar osteitis was diagnosed and confirmed by patient's history and clinical evaluation. Post-operative sequelae were observed and recorded objectively. RESULTS: Out of 60 patients', five patients experienced alveolar osteitis, and the incidence rate was 8.3%. A significant pvalue of 0.000 was calculated using binomial test for comparison of alveolar osteitis among both groups. Inter-examiner reliability was assessed by kappa and good (62%) agreement, which was found among the examiners, who diagnosed alveolar osteitis clinically. Post-operative sequelae were insignificant in slow speed hand piece group. CONCLUSIONS: It was observed that alveolar osteitis was reported in physio-dispenser group; similarly, post-operative complications were also more in this group as compared with slow speed-hand piece group. No surgical complications were observed in slow speed-hand piece group suggesting slow speed hand piece mode of osteotomy to be safer for third molar extraction as compared with physio-dispenser.

Perceptions Of Health Professional Students Regarding Waterpipe Smoking And Its Effects On Oral Health.

BACKGROUND: Globally approximately 100 million people are waterpipe smokers and this trend also prevails in Pakistan. It has detrimental effects on general health and oral health. The objective of the study was to determine the perception of health professional students regarding waterpipe smoking (WPS) and to assess their awareness about adverse effects of WPS on oral health. METHODS: A selfadministered questionnaire based cross-sectional study was conducted among health professional students in three medical and dental institutes of Karachi from December 2015 to February 2016. RESULTS: Study sample comprised 342 students with mean age of 21.36±1.609 years. About 40% of participants ever had shisha and 10% were current smokers; 237 (69.3%) claimed that waterpipe smoking had detrimental effects on oral and general health. A proportion of 33.6% of the total respondents were unaware that waterpipe smoking was the reason for stained teeth, whereas 51.5% did not know that waterpipe smoking was related to dental caries, and 52% and 48% were unaware that waterpipe smoking was the reason for bad taste and halitosis respectively. Approximately 10% of the respondents did not know that waterpipe smoking was a risk factor for the development of oral diseases and oral cancer. CONCLUSIONS: There was a scarce knowledge about the hazardous effects of waterpipe smoking on general and especially on oral health. Health professionals need to be aware of hazardous effects of waterpipe smoking so they may play a role in reducing this habit in masses.

Evaluation Of Loosely Bound Water Loss From Different Compositions Of Glass Ionomer Cement.

BACKGROUND: Water is an essential component of glass ionomer cement. Water balance is probably the most important and least understood mechanism with the glass ionomer cement. Excessive water in glass ionomer produce weak cement while less amount of water produce cement which is relatively stronger initially but later results in the weakening of the cement. Water present in glass ionomer cement is classified according to its nature of being held in to the cement as tightly bound and loosely bound. The amount of loosely bound water loss from various composition of glass ionomer cement remains unknown. METHODS: The study was conducted at the Department of Materials, Queen Mary University of London. Two different composition of glass ionomer cements were used in this experiment in which the amount of water absorbed by the different compositions of cement on 1, 3, 7 and 14 days were evaluated and the loss of water was measured after that period until the loss became constant. A total of 25 samples of each GIC composition, 5 samples were immersed in water for 24 hours, 5 in water for 3 days, 5 for 7 days and 5 for 14 days. The remaining 5 samples were directly placed into the desiccator without immersing it in the water. The total water content of both glass ionomer cements was calculated from its chemical composition. The samples were weighed every hour for first 3 hours and then every 24 hours until the weight of the sample became constant. Samples placed in water for 1, 3, 7 and 14 days were dried before weighing with a tissue. RESULTS: The amount of water uptake in all the compositions was not that significant in relation to time. In case of Fuji IX, amount of water loss percentage did not vary with increasing time interval. The water loss was rapid in the first 24 hours but it slowed down with time and became constant after 3 days however in Ketac molar water loss slightly varied with time interval. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that the amount of water uptake in both glass ionomer cement is not significant in relation to time. The loss of loosely bound water becomes constant with time after 24 hours for both compositions of glass ionomer cements.