Post-traumatic osteoarthritis: the worst associated injuries and differences in patients' profile when compared with primary osteoarthritis.

BACKGROUND: The estimated prevalence of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is 10-12% and in this study 12.4%. Different knee and hip injuries have been identified as risk factors for PTOA, but there is no consensus regarding the most painful and disabling injuries. Identifying these injuries might help in the prevention of PTOA. Additionally, patients with PTOA have a higher risk for complications after arthroplasty than patients with primary OA, perhaps due to differences in the profile and comorbidity that might help to explain the difference. This work aims 1) to identify the most common past injuries associated with the most painful and disabling PTOA cases in non-athlete patients and 2) to compare the comorbidities and characteristics between PTOA and primary OA. METHODS: Retrospective hospital-based cohort study with 1290 participants with joint complaints or who received arthroplasty. Medical records included demographic information, diagnosis, medication, smoking, alcohol history and comorbidities. Data from January 2012 orthopaedic consults till December 2019 was reviewed and had the type and date of injury, pain score by the numerical rating scale and walking disability. Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals are presented. RESULTS: There were 641 cases with primary OA (65% females) and 104 with PTOA (61% males). Patients with PTOA were 7.5 years younger (P < 0.001), reported more alcohol consumption (P = 0.01) and had higher odds of osteoporotic fractures (OP) and psychosis than patients with primary OA (OR = 2.0, CI = 1.06-3.78 and OR = 2.90, CI = -0.91-9.18, respectively). Knee fractures were most common in males and hip fractures in females (31% and 37.5%, respectively, P < 0.005). The PTOA-associated injuries with the highest pain and disability scores were meniscal injuries and hip fractures. Besides, in the group with primary OA, there were more diabetes, hypertension and hypothyroidism cases than in PTOA. However, after adjustment, differences were only significant for diabetes (ORadj = 1.78, CI = 1.0-3.2). CONCLUSIONS: Past meniscal injuries and hip fractures were the most relevant PTOA-associated injuries regarding pain and walking disability. This, together with differences in their profile when compared with primary OA, might help to decide the orthopaedic management of these injuries to prevent complications such as PTOA and recurrence, with appropriate preoperative planning, surgery choice and comorbidity treatment.

Role of central obesity on pain onset and its association with cardiovascular disease: a retrospective study of a hospital cohort of patients with osteoarthritis.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the role of central obesity (CO) in the onset and severity of joint pain and in predicting cardiovascular disease (CVD) in subjects affected with osteoarthritis (OA). DESIGN: Retrospective analysis on the onset of OA joint pain and CO. Waist circumference (WC), Waist-to-height ratio andwaist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were measured at the interview and defined according to the WHO criteria. Cross-sectional analyses on the association of comorbidities, including CVD, pain severity (number of joints and pain score) and CO. SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS: Medical records and interviews of a hospital cohort study of 609 patients with OA. Analyses included analysis of variance, mean differences (MDs), SE and logistic regression. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) compared the predictive value of the sex-specific CVD models. OUTCOME MEASURES: Onset of OA joint pain (years) and severity according to body mass index (BMI) and WC categories. Predictive value of WC for CVD by sex. Education level, disability, smoking and alcohol use were used to adjust the analysis. RESULTS: Subjects with OA and CO by WHR started 2 years earlier with pain symptoms and had more joints affected than those without CO (MD=1.96 years, SE=0.95, p=0.04 and MD=0.32, SE=0.15 and p=0.04, respectively). Age and hypertension were associated with CVD in both genders, and NSAIDs use only in males. In addition, respiratory disease, hypercholesterolaemia, stairs difficulty, a wider WC and obesity were significant risk factors in females, improving 12.7% in the prediction of CVD cases, compared with only age and BMI (AUROCC=0.793 and 0.666, respectively, p=0.03 for the difference between AUROCs). CONCLUSION: CO is associated with the onset of joint pain, and all pain analysed variables. CO has a role in CVD in women affected with OA and might help predict CVD cases.

Experimental Evaluation of Chitosan Membrane and Collagen Sponge (TachoSil®) as Sealants in Cardiovascular Surgery.

INTRODUCTION: The objectives of this study are to experimentally evaluate the haemostatic effects of two organic substances, a membrane of chitosan and a collagen sponge coated with thrombin and human fibrinogen (TachoSil®), in sealing 7-0 needle stitches holes on the femoral arteries of rats as well as to evaluate local histological reactions. METHODS: Twenty-four rats were included, and four holes were made in each common femoral artery. In the control group, haemostasis was achieved only by compression with gauze sponge; and in the two other groups, haemostasis was achieved with application of one of these two substances. RESULTS: Membrane of chitosan and TachoSil® showed a power to reduce the time to achieve haemostasis compared with the control group (P=0.001), and the haemostatic effects of these two substances were comparable. There was lower blood loss in the groups where these two substances were used when compared with the control group, but no difference was found comparing the two substances. CONCLUSION: The use of these sealants did not promote more adhesion or local histological reactions when compared to the control group. Since chitosan is easy to find in nature, has a positive effect to promote haemostasis, and did not bring considerable local reactions, it might be used as a sealant in cardiovascular surgery.

Experimental Evaluation of Chitosan Membrane and Collagen Sponge (TachoSil®) as Sealants in Cardiovascular Surgery

ABSTRACT Introduction: The objectives of this study are to experimentally evaluate the haemostatic effects of two organic substances, a membrane of chitosan and a collagen sponge coated with thrombin and human fibrinogen (TachoSil®), in sealing 7-0 needle stitches holes on the femoral arteries of rats as well as to evaluate local histological reactions. Methods: Twenty-four rats were included, and four holes were made in each common femoral artery. In the control group, haemostasis was achieved only by compression with gauze sponge; and in the two other groups, haemostasis was achieved with application of one of these two substances. Results: Membrane of chitosan and TachoSil® showed a power to reduce the time to achieve haemostasis compared with the control group (P=0.001), and the haemostatic effects of these two substances were comparable. There was lower blood loss in the groups where these two substances were used when compared with the control group, but no difference was found comparing the two substances. Conclusion: The use of these sealants did not promote more adhesion or local histological reactions when compared to the control group. Since chitosan is easy to find in nature, has a positive effect to promote haemostasis, and did not bring considerable local reactions, it might be used as a sealant in cardiovascular surgery.

Seroepidemiological investigation of COVID-19: A cross-sectional study in Jundiai, São Paulo, Brazil.

The dramatic increase in the number of COVID-19 cases has been a threat to global health and a challenge for health systems. Estimating the prevalence of infection in the population is essential to provide support for action planning. Within this scenario, the aim of the present study was to analyze the seroprevalence and associated factors of COVID-19 Jundiaí, São Paulo, Brazil. This cross-sectional study was conducted from June 1st to June 19th, 2020. The participants were patients with respiratory symptoms who sought Primary Care Units (UBS) (n = 1,181) and subjects recruited from randomly selected households by probability sampling (n = 3,065), as screening strategy. All participants, in both phases, were submitted to SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests (IgG and IgM) and responded to a questionnaire including sociodemographic characteristics based on Behavioural Insights for COVID-19. Total seroprevalence (positive/negative) was the outcome and the independent variables were sociodemographic variables, health behavior and signs/symptoms. The chi-squared test was used for association analysis (p<0.05) and variables with p<0.20 were entered into the logistic regression model (p<0.05). A total of 1,181 subjects from the UBS and 3,065 from the selected households participated in the study. The seroprevalence was 30.8% in the UBS and 3.1% in the households. The adjusted logistic regression identified that lower educational level (OR 2.68; 95%CI 1.59-4.54), household member testing positive (OR 1.67; 95%CI 1.16-2.39), presence of anosmia (OR 3.68, 95%CI 2.56-5.28) and seeking UBS (OR 3.76; 95%CI 2.08-6.82) was risk factors to test positive for SARS-CoV-2. Estimating the seroprevalence in the population was important to know the disease extension that was higher than the notified cases. These results showed socioeconomic aspects associated with COVID-19 even adjusted by symptoms. Populational epidemiologic studies that investigate the associated factors of COVID-19 are relevant to plan strategies to control the pandemic.

Hospital admission rate in children and adolescents with mild persistent asthma.

INTRODUCTION: The health and financial burden of mild-persistent asthma has been poorly investigated. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to compare the rate of hospital admissions that have occurred during the preceding year between children and adolescents with current mild-persistent (MP) and moderate-severe (MS) asthma. METHODS: We screened children and adolescents with asthma at eight outpatient clinics. The inclusion criteria were asthma diagnosis, age from 6 to 18 years and follow-up with a physician during the preceding 6 months. Subjects answered standardized questionnaires and underwent spirometry. RESULTS: We enrolled 220 MP and 102 MS asthmatic subjects. The proportion of subjects with HA during the preceding year was similar between MP and MS asthma groups (7% vs. 7%; p = .89). Symptoms score and the financial values spent by the family in the care of asthma were lower in MP asthma as compared with MS asthma group (asthma control questionnaire score 0.7 [0.3-1.0) vs. 2.0 [1.1-2.5]; p < .01) (asthma expenses in USD 13 [2-43] vs. 28 [10-83]; p < .01). The frequency of subjects using inhaled corticosteroids maintenance therapy was lower in the MP asthma group as compared with the MS asthma group (54% vs. 100%; p < .01). CONCLUSION: We conclude that the frequency of hospital admissions that have occurred during the preceding year was similar between subjects with current MP and MS asthma. Symptoms score and the financial values spent by the family in the care of asthma were lower in the MP asthma group.

Estudo analítico das indicações de broncofibroscopias realizadas no serviço de cirurgia torácica do município de Piracicaba de 1997 a 2014 / Analytical study of the indications for bronchoscopy performed in the thoracic surgery service in the city of Piracicaba from 1997 to 2014

Introdução: Os objetivos deste trabalho são: analisar a associação entre indicações clínicas do exame e o diagnóstico obtido por meio da broncoscopia flexível com significância estatística e estabelecer a razão de chances do diagnóstico endoscópico diante da indicação clínica. Método: No período de fevereiro de 1997 a junho de 2014 foram analisadas 941 broncofibroscopias no Serviço de Cirurgia Torácica do Ambulatório de Especialidades de Piracicaba. Para se associar as variáveis utilizou-se o teste estatístico exato de Fisher, teste Qui Quadrado e a Regressão Logística para se obter a razão de chances entre as variáveis em que encontrou-se associação. Resultados: Encontrou-se associação com significância estatística e estabeleceu-se a razão de chances com intervalo de confiança de 95% respectivamente, para as seguintes variáveis estudadas: 1) atelectasia(AU...)

Evaluation of cellular alterations and inflammatory profile of mesothelial cells and/or neoplastic cells exposed to talc used for pleurodesis.

Introdution: To determine the role of Pleural Mesothelial Cells (PMC) and/or Neoplasic Cells (NC) in the initiation and regulation of acute inflammatory response after exposure to talc for evaluating inflammatory mediators and cellular alterations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PMC cultures, human lung (A549) and breast (MCF7) adenocarcinoma cells were divided in 5 groups: 100% PMC, 100% NC, 25% PMC + 75% NC, 50% of each type and 75% PMC + 25% NC. All groups were exposed to talc and measured IL-6, IL-1ß, IL-10, TNF-α, TNFRI, pH, LDH, apoptosis and necrosis. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: One-way Anova. RESULTS: High IL-6, IL-1ß and TNFRI levels were found in PMC and NC exposed to talc. IL-6 was higher at the points of more confluence of PMC. The highest levels of IL-1ß and TNFRI were found in mixed cultures. In pure cultures TNFRI was higher in A549 followed by PMC and MCF7. LDH was higher in A549 than PMC. The lowest pH was found in 100% NC. All cell line exposed to talc reduced viability and increased necrosis. Apoptotic cells exposed to talc were higher in pure cultures of NC than in PMC. Mixed cultures of PMC and A549 showed lower levels of apoptosis in cultures with more NC. CONCLUSIONS: PMC after talc exposure participates in the inflammatory process contributing to production of molecular mediators, necessary for effective pleurodesis. Talc acted in NC causing higher rates of apoptosis, contributing in a modest way to tumoral decrease. Different types of tumor cells may respond differently to exposure to talc.

Perioperative central venous oxygen saturation and its correlation with mortality during cardiac surgery: an observational prospective study / Correlação entre saturação venosa central de oxigênio perioperatória e mortalidade em cirurgia cardíaca: estudo prospectivo observacional

Abstract Background: Cardiac surgery can produce persistent deficit in the ratio of Oxygen Delivery (DO2) to Oxygen Consumption (VO2). Central venous oxygen Saturation (ScvO2) is an accessible and indirect measure of DO2/VO2 ratio. Objective: To monitor perioperative ScvO2 and assess its correlation with mortality during cardiac surgery. Methods: This prospective observational study evaluated 273 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Blood gas samples were collected to measure ScvO2 at three time points: T0 (after anesthetic induction), T1 (end of surgery), and T2 (24 hours after surgery). The patients were divided into two groups (survivors and nonsurvivors). The following outcomes were analyzed: intrahospital mortality, length of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and hospital stay (LOS), and variation in ScvO2. Results: Of the 273 patients, 251 (92%) survived and 22 (8%) did not. There was a significant perioperative reduction of ScvO2 in both survivors (T0 = 78% ± 8.1%, T1 = 75.4% ± 7.5%, and T2 = 68.5% ± 9%; p< 0.001) and nonsurvivors (T0 = 74.4% ± 8.7%, T1 = 75.4% ± 7.7%, and T2 = 66.7% ± 13.1%; p < 0.001). At T0, the percentage of patients with ScvO2< 70% was greater in the nonsurvivor group (31.8% vs. 13.1%; p= 0.046) and the multiple logistic regression showed that ScvO2 is an independent risk factor associated with death, OR = 2.94 (95% CI 1.10−7.89) (p= 0.032). The length of ICU and LOS were 3.6 ± 3.1 and 7.4 ± 6.0 days respectively and was not significantly associated with ScvO2. Conclusions: Early intraoperative ScvO2 < 70% indicated a higher risk of death. A perioperative reduction of ScvO2 was observed in patients undergoing cardiac surgery, with high intraoperative and lower postoperative levels.

Resumo Justificativa: A cirurgia cardíaca pode produzir déficit persistente na razão entre oferta de oxigênio (DO2) e consumo de oxigênio (VO2). A Saturação venosa central de Oxigênio (SvcO2) é uma medida acessível e indireta da razão DO2/VO2. Objetivo: Monitorar a SvcO2 perioperatória e avaliar sua correlação com a mortalidade em cirurgia cardíaca. Método: Este estudo observacional prospectivo avaliou 273 pacientes submetidos a cirurgia cardíaca. Coletamos amostras de sangue para medir a SvcO2 em três momentos: T0 (após indução anestésica), T1 (final da cirurgia) e T2 (24 horas após a cirurgia). Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos (sobreviventes e não sobreviventes). Os seguintes desfechos foram analisados: mortalidade intra-hospitalar, tempo de permanência na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) e de internação hospitalar, e variação na SvcO2. Resultados: Dos 273 pacientes, 251 (92%) sobreviveram e 22 (8%) não. Houve queda significante da SvcO2 perioperatória nos sobreviventes (T0 = 78% ± 8,1%, T1 = 75,4% ± 7,5% e T2 = 68,5% ± 9%; p< 0,001) e nos não sobreviventes (T0 = 74,4% ± 8,7%, T1 = 75,4% ± 7,7% e T2 = 66,7% ± 13,1%; p< 0,001). No T0, a porcentagem de pacientes com SvcO2< 70% foi maior no grupo não sobrevivente (31,8% vs. 13,1%; p = 0,046) e a regressão logística múltipla mostrou que a SvcO2 é um fator de risco independente associado ao óbito, OR = 2,94 (95% IC 1,10 − 7,89) (p = 0,032). O tempo de permanência na UTI e de hospitalização foi de 3,6 ± 3,1 e 7,4 ± 6,0 dias, respectivamente, e não foi significantemente associado à SvcO2. Conclusões: Valores precoces de SvcO2 intraoperatória < 70% indicaram maior risco de óbito em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca. Observamos redução perioperatória da SvcO2, com altos níveis no intraoperatório e mais baixos no pós-operatório.

[Perioperative central venous oxygen saturation and its correlation with mortality during cardiac surgery: an observational prospective study]. / Correlação entre saturação venosa central de oxigênio perioperatória e mortalidade em cirurgia cardíaca: estudo prospectivo observacional.

BACKGROUND: Cardiac surgery can produce persistent deficit in the ratio of Oxygen Delivery (DO2) to Oxygen Consumption (VO2). Central venous oxygen Saturation (ScvO2) is an accessible and indirect measure of DO2/VO2 ratio. OBJECTIVE: To monitor perioperative ScvO2 and assess its correlation with mortality during cardiac surgery. METHODS: This prospective observational study evaluated 273 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Blood gas samples were collected to measure ScvO2 at three time points: T0 (after anesthetic induction), T1 (end of surgery), and T2 (24hours after surgery). The patients were divided into two groups (survivors and nonsurvivors). The following outcomes were analyzed: intrahospital mortality, length of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and hospital stay (LOS), and variation in ScvO2. RESULTS: Of the 273 patients, 251 (92%) survived and 22 (8%) did not. There was a significant perioperative reduction of ScvO2 in both survivors (T0=78%± 8.1%, T1=75.4%±7.5%, and T2=68.5%±9%; p<0.001) and nonsurvivors (T0=74.4%±8.7%, T1=75.4%±7.7%, and T2=66.7%±13.1%; p <0.001). At T0, the percentage of patients with ScvO2 <70% was greater in the nonsurvivor group (31.8% vs. 13.1%; p=0.046) and the multiple logistic regression showed that ScvO2 is an independent risk factor associated with death, OR=2.94 (95% CI 1.10-7.89) (p=0.032). The length of ICU and LOS were 3.6±3.1 and 7.4±6.0 days respectively and was not significantly associated with ScvO2. CONCLUSIONS: Early intraoperative ScvO2 <70% indicated a higher risk of death. A perioperative reduction of ScvO2 was observed in patients undergoing cardiac surgery, with high intraoperative and lower postoperative levels.

Lung Cancer Mortality and the Availability of Chest Computerized Tomography: A Longitudinal Nationwide Study.

Lung-cancer screening with chest computerized tomography (CT) is not easy to introduce in low-medium resource countries due to cost issues. We investigated whether the increasing availability of chest CT exams in Brazil, in spite of no lung-cancer screening protocol, was associated with lung-cancer death rate along 10-year follow-up. We performed regressions to estimate the rate ratio between chest CT exams and lung-cancer deaths per 105 inhabitants. We stratified data per municipality. Regressions were adjusted for physicians and hospital beds per 105 inhabitants and per capita gross domestic product. Increasing availability of chest CT exams predicted decreasing lung-cancer death rate.

Gender differences in the effect of diabetes mellitus and its treatment on osteoarthritic pain.

Objective: (1) To investigate differences in pain severity and its distribution between patients with and without diabetes mellitus (DM) in a population with advanced osteoarthritis (OA). (2) To explore the role of medication used for diabetes in these associations. Research design and methods: This is a hospital-based cohort study of patients with advanced OA requiring total joint arthroplasty. Interviews and electronic records included: age, gender, occupation, DM (including medication and duration), analgesics used, anthropometry, joints affected by pain and disease duration. Joint pain was scored by the patients using numerical rating scale. Pain severity score was calculated by adding the number of joints affected by pain and the maximum pain score. All analyses were adjusted and/or stratified by gender, age and body mass index. Results: In total, 489 patients with painful OA were included. From those, 139 patients had DM (30% males and 28% females, p=0.03). Pain severity, principally the number of joints affected by pain, and analgesic consumption, was higher in males with diabetes compared with males without diabetes (p=0.012 and OR=3.03; 95% CI 1.24 to 7.36, p=0.015, respectively). These associations were not significant in females (p=0.41 and p=0.66). Pain was more severe in males using insulin versus those who did not (p=0.025). Male subjects with diabetes had higher odds of hand pain or knee and hand pain compared with males without diabetes (OR=3.7, 95% CI 1.15 to 12; p=0.028 and OR=5.54; 95% CI 1.43 to 21.5, p=0.013, respectively). Conclusions: Males with diabetes, especially those who require insulin, have more severe joint pain and consume more analgesics than males without diabetes or those who have DM and use other DM medication.

Pattern of Intraoperative Parathyroid Hormone and Calcium in the Treatment of Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism.

OBJECTIVE: Tertiary hyperparathyroidism, an autonomous hyperproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH), has a challenge in its treatment. This study asked whether the intraoperative PTH and calcium drop can confirm the resection of all parathyroid tissues. STUDY DESIGN: Case series with planned data collection. SETTING: Tertiary referral medical center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study assessed patients with tertiary hyperparathyroidism who were treated at the Hospital of the State University of Campinas from 2007 to 2015. All patients underwent total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation of parathyroid fragments. PTH and calcium were collected during the preoperative period; at 10, 20, and 240 minutes after resection of the glands; and at 1 year after the procedure. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and logistic regression analysis with statistical values of P < .05. RESULTS: Thirty-five patients were assessed: 17 women (48.57%) and 18 men (51.43%). The percentage of PTH drop was statistically significant at all times, unlike the calcium analysis, but only PTH collected at 20 minutes was able to confirm the removal of all parathyroid tissues (P = .029). Based on the receiver operating characteristic curve, the 71.2% drop obtained high sensitivity and specificity (P = .028). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment success can be predicted by analyzing the decrease of intraoperative PTH and not by calcium. The 71.2% PTH drop at 20 minutes after parathyroidectomy had high sensitivity and specificity to predict surgical cure.

Is a low level of education a limiting factor for asthma control in a population with access to pulmonologists and to treatment?

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a low level of education is a risk factor for uncontrolled asthma in a population of patients who have access to pulmonologists and to treatment. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving outpatients > 10 years of age diagnosed with asthma who were followed by a pulmonologist for at least 3 months in the city of Jundiai, located in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The patients completed a questionnaire specifically designed for this study, the 6-item Asthma Control Questionnaire (to assess the control of asthma symptoms), and a questionnaire designed to assess treatment adherence. Patients underwent spirometry, and patient inhaler technique was assessed. RESULTS: 358 patients were enrolled in the study. Level of education was not considered a risk factor for uncontrolled asthma symptoms (OR = 0.99; 95% CI: 0.94-1.05), spirometry findings consistent with obstructive lung disease (OR = 1.00; 95% CI: 0.99-1.01), uncontrolled asthma (OR = 1.03; 95% CI: 0.95-1.10), or the need for moderate/high doses of inhaled medication (OR = 0.99; 95% CI: 0.94-1.06). The number of years of schooling was similar between the patients in whom treatment adherence was good and those in whom it was poor (p = 0.08), as well as between those who demonstrated proper inhaler technique and those who did not (p = 0.41). CONCLUSIONS: Among asthma patients with access to pulmonologists and to treatment, a low level of education does not appear to be a limiting factor for adequate asthma control.

Is a low level of education a limiting factor for asthma control in a population with access to pulmonologists and to treatment? / A baixa escolaridade é um fator limitante para o controle da asma em uma população com acesso a pneumologista e tratamento?

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine whether a low level of education is a risk factor for uncontrolled asthma in a population of patients who have access to pulmonologists and to treatment. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving outpatients > 10 years of age diagnosed with asthma who were followed by a pulmonologist for at least 3 months in the city of Jundiai, located in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The patients completed a questionnaire specifically designed for this study, the 6-item Asthma Control Questionnaire (to assess the control of asthma symptoms), and a questionnaire designed to assess treatment adherence. Patients underwent spirometry, and patient inhaler technique was assessed. Results: 358 patients were enrolled in the study. Level of education was not considered a risk factor for uncontrolled asthma symptoms (OR = 0.99; 95% CI: 0.94-1.05), spirometry findings consistent with obstructive lung disease (OR = 1.00; 95% CI: 0.99-1.01), uncontrolled asthma (OR = 1.03; 95% CI: 0.95-1.10), or the need for moderate/high doses of inhaled medication (OR = 0.99; 95% CI: 0.94-1.06). The number of years of schooling was similar between the patients in whom treatment adherence was good and those in whom it was poor (p = 0.08), as well as between those who demonstrated proper inhaler technique and those who did not (p = 0.41). Conclusions: Among asthma patients with access to pulmonologists and to treatment, a low level of education does not appear to be a limiting factor for adequate asthma control.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar se a baixa escolaridade é um fator de risco para asma não controlada em uma população de pacientes que tem acesso a um pneumologista e ao tratamento. Métodos: Estudo transversal com pacientes com diagnóstico de asma, com idade > 10 anos, acompanhados por ao menos três meses por um pneumologista em ambulatórios na cidade de Jundiaí (SP). Os indivíduos responderam a um questionário específico do estudo, ao Questionário de Controle da Asma com seis questões para avaliar o controle dos sintomas da asma e a um questionário para avaliar a adesão ao tratamento. Avaliou-se a correção no uso de dispositivos inalatórios, e os pacientes realizaram espirometria. Resultados: Foram incluídos 358 pacientes. A escolaridade não foi fator de risco para sintomas de asma não controlados (OR = 0,99; IC95%: 0,94-1,05), presença de distúrbio ventilatório obstrutivo na espirometria (OR = 1,00; IC95%: 0,99-1,01), asma não controlada (OR = 1,03; IC95%: 0,95-1,10) e necessidade de dose moderada/alta de medicações inalatórias (OR = 0,99; IC95%: 0,94-1,06). O número de anos de escolaridade foi semelhante nos grupos com e sem adesão ao tratamento (p = 0,08) e nos grupos com e sem erros na utilização do dispositivo inalatório (p = 0,41). Conclusões: Nesta amostra de pacientes com asma que têm acesso a pneumologista e tratamento, a baixa escolaridade não foi um fator limitante para o controle adequado da asma.

Identification of high-risk groups for complication after arthroplasty: predictive value of patient's related risk factors.

BACKGROUND: Total joint arthroplasty (TJA) benefit patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, a specific approach to detect patients at higher risk of prosthetic joint infection (PJI) and mechanical complications is absent. The aim of this study is to identify groups at higher risk for infections and mechanical complications after TJA in patients with RA and OA based on their most significant predictors. METHODS: This is a hospital-based cohort study with 1150 recipients of TJA. Risk factors and comorbidities were assessed prior to the index surgery. Multivariate logistic and hazard regression were used to determine the relationship between risk factors and occurrence of complications after TJA. Odds ratios (OR), hazard ratios (HR), 95% confidence intervals (CI), and comparison between areas under the curve (AUC) using DeLong's method are presented. RESULTS: Complications were more frequent in subjects with RA, use of corticosteroids, and previous comorbidities: respiratory disease, infections, diabetes, anemia, mental and musculoskeletal comorbidities than in subjects without these risk factors, and these factors were predictors of infections and mechanical complications (P < 0.05). A model including these factors was superior to a model with only type of joint disease (OA/RA) or age and gender to detect infections or mechanical complications after TJA (P < 0.05 for difference between models). Complication risk proportionally increased with the presence of two or more comorbidities (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: There are two groups at higher risk for infections after TJA: patients with OA with at least two risk factors and patients with RA, who usually present at least one of the risk factors for infection.

Doenças respiratórias agudas em crianças brasileiras: os cuidadores são capazes de detectar os primeiros sinais de alerta? / Acute respiratory diseases in brazilian children: are caregivers able to detect early warning signs?

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o nível de conhecimento do cuidador em relação aos sinais e sintomas respiratórios de Infecções Respiratórias Agudas (IRA) e a percepção dos mesmos em relação às crianças que necessitam de assistência médica. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo e transversal, no qual um questionário padronizado com itens relacionados à percepção da gravidade dos sinais e sintomas de IRA foi administrado a cuidadores de pacientes pediátricos admitidos no serviço de emergência de um hospital universitário no período de agosto de 2011 a maio de 2012. A análise estatística foi realizada com os testes do qui-quadrado e t-Student para determinar quais variáveis contribuíram para o reconhecimento pelos cuidadores da gravidade das doenças respiratórias agudas. Resultados: Foram entrevistados 499 cuidadores. As causas de IRA mais citadas foram Síndrome gripal (78,6%), Resfriado comum (73,9%), Faringites (64,1%) e Pneumonia (54,5%). Febre (34,1%) e Tosse (15,8%) foram as principais razões para a procura de atendimento. Os sinais de gravidade mais citados pelos cuidadores foram: febre (99,6%), dispneia (91,4%), sibilância (86,4%), adinamia (80,2%), tosse (79,8%) e taquipneia (78,6%). O histórico de doença respiratória anterior do paciente (p=0,002), a idade (p=0,010) e o estado civil do cuidador (p=0,014) foram as variáveis significativamente associadas com taquipneia, o sintoma mais grave de IRA. Conclusões: Embora cuidadores pediátricos possam perceber os principais sinais de IRA, eles não são capazes de reconhecer a gravidade destes, o que pode atrasar os cuidados médicos e impedir o tratamento precoce.

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the level of caregiver knowledge about respiratory signs and symptoms of acute respiratory infection (ARI) as well as their ability to detect the early warning signs and need for medical assistance in children referred to an emergency service. Methods: This is a prospective, cross-sectional study. A standardized questionnaire with questions on the perception of the severity of ARI signs and symptoms was applied to caregivers of pediatric patients assisted in the emergency room of a university hospital from August 2011 to May 2012. Chi-square and Student's t-tests were used to determine which variables contributed with caregivers' recognition of severity of acute respiratory diseases. Results: 499 caregivers were interviewed. The most cited causes of ARI were flu syndrome (78.6%), common cold (73.9%), pharyngitis (64.1%), and pneumonia (54.5%). Fever (34.1%) and cough (15.8%) were major reasons for referral to hospital. The most cited signs of severity recognized by caregivers were fever (99.6%), dyspnea (91.4%), wheezing (86.4%), adynamia (80.2%), coughing (79.8%), and tachypnea (78.6%). Children's history of respiratory diseases (p=0.002), caregiver's age (p=0.010) and marital status (p=0.014) were significantly associated with tachypnea, the most severe ARI symptom. Conclusions: Although caregivers of children can recognize ARI most important signs and symptoms, they are unable to judge severity, which may delay medical care and early treatment.

Evaluation of tensile strength of tissue adhesives made of fibrin and cyanoacrylate used as reinforcement of colon suture in "ex vivo" swine

ABSTRACT Aim: To evaluate rupture pressures of tissue adhesives of cyanoacrylate (Omnex®) and fibrin (Evicel®), used as reinforcement in colonic suture from "ex vivo" swine. Methods: Surgical procedures were performed in the Surgical Technique Laboratory. From a division in segments of 10 cm of descending colon and sigmoid colon from three "ex vivo" female swine, Landrace breed, which were resected in less than six hours after the slaughter time, 30 segments were selected, 10 of each animal. They were stored in saline solution 0.9% at 36 °C, being randomly allocated in three groups (Control, Evicel and Omnex), each one containing 10 segments. Results: The lower and higher pressure values found in the groups Control, Evicel and Omnex were 36 mmHg and 41 mmHg, 70 mmHg and 90 mmHg, 90 mmHg and 120 mmHg, respectively. Containing statistical significance (p-value <0.0001) concerning the 2 to 2 comparisons (Control, Evicel and Omnex) with 95% trusting rate based on the application of the Turkey Method. Conclusion: One concludes that the use of tissue adhesives in anastomoses colonic in an experimental animal model of "ex vivo" swine increased the anastomoses rupture pressures. Among the tested adhesives, cyanoacrylate presented higher rupture pressure in relation to fibrin adhesive.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar as pressões de ruptura dos adesivos teciduais de Cianoacrilato (Omnex®) e de Fibrina (Evicel®), usados como reforço em suturas colônicas de suínos "ex-vivo". Métodos: Os procedimentos cirúrgicos realizados foram realizados no Laboratório de Técnica Cirúrgica. A partir da divisão em segmentos de 10 cm do colo descendente e colo sigmoide de três suínas fêmeas ex-vivo, da raça Landrace, ressecados em tempo inferior a seis horas em relação ao momento do abate, foram selecionados 30 segmentos, 10 de cada animal. Foram armazenados em soro fisiológico 0,9% a 36 °C, alocando-se aleatoriamente esses segmentos em três grupos (Controle, Evicel e Omnex) com 10 segmentos cada. Resultados: Os menores e maiores valores pressóricos encontrados nos grupos Controle, Evicel e Omnex foram 36 mmHg e 41 mmHg, 70 mmHg e 90 mmHg, 90 mmHg e 120 mmHg, respectivamente. Com significância estatística (Valor-p < 0,0001) para as comparações 2 a 2 (Sutura, Evicel e Omnex) com um intervalo de confiança de 95% construído a partir da aplicação do método de Turkey. Conclusão: A partir desse estudo conclui-se que o uso de adesivos teciduais em anastomoses colônicas, em modelo experimental animal de suíno ex-vivo, aumentou as pressões de ruptura das anastomoses. Dentre os adesivos testados, o adesivo de Cianoacrilato apresentou maiores pressões de ruptura em relação ao adesivo de Fibrina.

ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISEASES IN BRAZILIAN CHILDREN: ARE CAREGIVERS ABLE TO DETECT EARLY WARNING SIGNS? / DOENÇAS RESPIRATÓRIAS AGUDAS EM CRIANÇAS BRASILEIRAS: OS CUIDADORES SÃO CAPAZES DE DETECTAR OS PRIMEIROS SINAIS DE ALERTA?

OBJECTIVE: To assess the level of caregiver knowledge about respiratory signs and symptoms of acute respiratory infection (ARI) as well as their ability to detect the early warning signs and need for medical assistance in children referred to an emergency service. METHODS: This is a prospective, cross-sectional study. A standardized questionnaire with questions on the perception of the severity of ARI signs and symptoms was applied to caregivers of pediatric patients assisted in the emergency room of a university hospital from August 2011 to May 2012. Chi-square and Student's t-tests were used to determine which variables contributed with caregivers' recognition of severity of acute respiratory diseases. RESULTS: 499 caregivers were interviewed. The most cited causes of ARI were flu syndrome (78.6%), common cold (73.9%), pharyngitis (64.1%), and pneumonia (54.5%). Fever (34.1%) and cough (15.8%) were major reasons for referral to hospital. The most cited signs of severity recognized by caregivers were fever (99.6%), dyspnea (91.4%), wheezing (86.4%), adynamia (80.2%), coughing (79.8%), and tachypnea (78.6%). Children's history of respiratory diseases (p=0.002), caregiver's age (p=0.010) and marital status (p=0.014) were significantly associated with tachypnea, the most severe ARI symptom. CONCLUSIONS: Although caregivers of children can recognize ARI most important signs and symptoms, they are unable to judge severity, which may delay medical care and early treatment.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o nível de conhecimento do cuidador em relação aos sinais e sintomas respiratórios de Infecções Respiratórias Agudas (IRA) e a percepção dos mesmos em relação às crianças que necessitam de assistência médica. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo e transversal, no qual um questionário padronizado com itens relacionados à percepção da gravidade dos sinais e sintomas de IRA foi administrado a cuidadores de pacientes pediátricos admitidos no serviço de emergência de um hospital universitário no período de agosto de 2011 a maio de 2012. A análise estatística foi realizada com os testes do qui-quadrado e t-Student para determinar quais variáveis contribuíram para o reconhecimento pelos cuidadores da gravidade das doenças respiratórias agudas. RESULTADOS: Foram entrevistados 499 cuidadores. As causas de IRA mais citadas foram Síndrome gripal (78,6%), Resfriado comum (73,9%), Faringites (64,1%) e Pneumonia (54,5%). Febre (34,1%) e Tosse (15,8%) foram as principais razões para a procura de atendimento. Os sinais de gravidade mais citados pelos cuidadores foram: febre (99,6%), dispneia (91,4%), sibilância (86,4%), adinamia (80,2%), tosse (79,8%) e taquipneia (78,6%). O histórico de doença respiratória anterior do paciente (p=0,002), a idade (p=0,010) e o estado civil do cuidador (p=0,014) foram as variáveis significativamente associadas com taquipneia, o sintoma mais grave de IRA. CONCLUSÕES: Embora cuidadores pediátricos possam perceber os principais sinais de IRA, eles não são capazes de reconhecer a gravidade destes, o que pode atrasar os cuidados médicos e impedir o tratamento precoce.

Comparison of Arterial Repair through the Suture, Suture with Fibrin or Cyanoacrylate Adhesive in Ex-Vivo Porcine Aortic Segment.

INTRODUCTION: Tissue adhesives can be used as adjacent to sutures to drop or avoid bleeding in cardiovascular operations. OBJECTIVE: To verify the efficiency of fibrin and cyanoacrylate adhesive to seal arterial sutures and if the adhesives penetrate through suture line to the inner of arteries. METHODS: 20 abdominal aorta segments of pigs were divided into two groups according to the adhesive which would be used as adjacent to the suture. In every arterial segment an arteriotomy was done, followed by a conventional artery closure. Afterwards a colloidal fluid was injected inside the arterial segment with a simultaneous intravascular pressure monitoring up to a fluid leakage through the suture. This procedure was repeated after application of one of the adhesives on the suture in order to check if the bursting pressure increases. The inner aorta segments also were analyzed in order to check if there was intraluminal adhesive penetration. RESULTS: In Suture 1 group, the mean arterial pressure sustained by the arterial suture reached 86±5.35 mmHg and after the fibrin adhesive application reached 104±11.96 (P<0.002). In the Suture 2 group, the mean arterial pressure sustained by the suture reached 83±2.67 mmHg and after the cyanoacrylate adhesive application reached 152±14.58 mmHg (P<0.002). Intraluminal adhesive penetration has not been noticed. CONCLUSION: There was a significant rise in the bursting pressure when tissue adhesives were used as adjacent to arterial suture, and this rise was higher if the cyanoacrylate adhesive was used. In addition, the adhesives do not penetrate through the suture line into the arteries.