ABSTRACT
La elección del momento más adecuado para realizar radioterapia en el tratamiento del cáncer de próstata es controversial ya que puede ser realizada inmediatamente posterior a la prostatectomía o como tratamiento de rescate ante una recaída. En este artículo, se realiza una búsqueda del tema, se seleccionan los ensayos clínicos con mayor evidencia y se analizan los resultados. Si bien existe beneficio en la radioterapia adyuvante, este resultado no se encuentra en todos los pacientes y sí se asocia a mayor toxicidad genitourinaria tardía, por lo tanto, la clave está en la selección del tratamiento según el paciente específico.
The choice of the most appropriate time to perform radiotherapy in the treatment of prostate cancer is controversial since it can be performed immediately after prostatectomy or as rescue treatment in case of relapse. In this article, a search for the topic is carried out, the clinical trials with the greatest evidence are selected and the results are analyzed. Although there is benefit in adjuvant radiotherapy, this result is not found in all patients and it is associated with greater late genitoutinary toxicity, therefore, the key is in the selection of treatment according to the specific patient.
ABSTRACT
The role of circumcision in partially protecting against sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and other dermatoses has been documented. Neonatal circumcision is not routinely practiced in South America. Although it is logical to assume that male genital dermatoses are more prevalent in Hispanic men, they are underrepresented in the existing literature. Objective: To describe the epidemiological characteristics from our male genital dermatology unit in Montevideo (Uruguay), the diagnoses, and correlate them with circumcision status and comorbidities. Methods: A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted. A dermatologist and urologist evaluated all patients using standard questionnaires. In 3 years and 8 months, 269 patients were seen. Median age was 41, prevalence of neonatal circumcision was 0.7%, HIV was 4.2%, STIs were 24.9%, non-STIs were 63.9%, and both (STI + non-STI) were 11.2%. Most frequent entities: eczema/balanoposthitis (27.1%), condyloma (24.9%), and lichen sclerosus (15.6%). Data correlating circumcision and other diagnoses did not reach statistical significance. HIV was positively associated with other STIs (p < 0.05), and an association with balanoposthitis was seen; however, it did not reach statistical significance (p < 0.1). Main limitation was small sample size. This is the first study of its kind based on Hispanic patients. Collaboration between specialties proved to be fundamental. Further studies are needed in this demographic to find an association between circumcision, comorbidities, and genital dermatoses.
Subject(s)
Circumcision, Male , Dermatology , Adult , Genitalia , Hispanic or Latino , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: There is no information about the evolution of robotic programs in public hospitals of Latin-America. OBJECTIVE: To describe the current status and functioning of robotic programs in Latin-American public hospitals since their beginning to date. METHODS: We conducted a survey among leading urologists working at public hospitals of Latin-America who had acquired the Da Vinci laparoscopic-assisted robotic system. Questions included: date the program started, its utilization by other services, number and kind of surgeries, surgery paying system, surgery related deaths, occurrence and reasons of robotic program interruptions and its use for training purposes. Medians and 25-75 centiles (IQR) were estimated. RESULTS: Since 2009, there are ten public hospitals of four Latin-American countries that acquired the Da Vinci robotic system. The median number of months robotic programs has been functioning without considering transitory interruption: 43 (IQR 35, 55). Median number of urologic and total surgeries performed: 140 (IQR 94, 168) and 336 (IQR 292, 621), respectively. The corresponding median number of urologic and total surgeries performed per month: 3 (IQR 2, 5) and 8 (IQR 5, 11). Median number of total surgeries performed per year per institution was 94 (IQR 68,123). The median proportion of urologic cases was 40% (IQR 31, 48), ranging from 24 to 66%. Five of ten institutions had their urology programs transitory or definitively closed due to the high burden costs. CONCLUSION: Adoption and development of robotic surgery in some public hospitals of Latin-America have been hindered by high costs.