ABSTRACT
Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is an inherited metabolic disorder caused by a deficiency in branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex (BCKAC). The treatment is a standard therapy based on a protein-restricted diet with low branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) content to reduce plasma levels and, consequently, the effects of accumulating their metabolites, mainly in the central nervous system. Although the benefits of dietary therapy for MSUD are undeniable, natural protein restriction may increase the risk of nutritional deficiencies, resulting in a low total antioxidant status that can predispose and contribute to oxidative stress. As MSUD is related to redox and energy imbalance, melatonin can be an important adjuvant treatment. Melatonin directly scavenges the hydroxy radical, peroxyl radical, nitrite anion, and singlet oxygen and indirectly induces antioxidant enzyme production. Therefore, this study assesses the role of melatonin treatment on oxidative stress in brain tissue and behavior parameters of zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to two concentrations of leucine-induced MSUD: leucine 2 mM and 5mM; and treated with 100 nM of melatonin. Oxidative stress was assessed through oxidative damage (TBARS, DCF, and sulfhydryl content) and antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD and CAT). Melatonin treatment improved redox imbalance with reduced TBARS levels, increased SOD activity, and normalized CAT activity to baseline. Behavior was analyzed with novel object recognition test. Animals exposed to leucine improved object recognition due to melatonin treatment. With the above, we can suggest that melatonin supplementation can protect neurologic oxidative stress, protecting leucine-induced behavior alterations such as memory impairment.
Subject(s)
Maple Syrup Urine Disease , Melatonin , Animals , Leucine/adverse effects , Leucine/metabolism , Maple Syrup Urine Disease/metabolism , Zebrafish/metabolism , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Antioxidants/therapeutic use , Melatonin/pharmacology , Melatonin/therapeutic use , Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances/metabolism , Oxidative Stress , Amino Acids, Branched-Chain/metabolism , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolismABSTRACT
Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder caused by a deficiency in the activity of the branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex leading to the accumulation of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) leucine, isoleucine, and valine and their respective branched-chain α-ketoacids and corresponding hydroxy acids. Considering that Danio rerio, known as zebrafish, has been widely used as an experimental model in several research areas because it has favorable characteristics that complement other experimental models, this study aimed to evaluate oxidative stress parameters in zebrafish exposed to high levels of leucine (2 mM and 5 mM), in a model similar of MSUD. Twenty-four hours after exposure, the animals were euthanized, and the brain content dissected for analysis of oxidative stress parameters: thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein oxidation assay (DCF); content of sulfhydryl, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. Animals exposed to 2 mM and 5 mM leucine showed an increase in the measurement of TBARS and decreased sulfhydryl content. There were no significant changes in DCF oxidation. In addition, animals exposed to 2 mM and 5 mM leucine were found to have decreased SOD activity and increased CAT activity. Based on these results, exposure of zebrafish to high doses of leucine can act as a promising animal model for MSUD, providing a better understanding of the toxicity profile of leucine exposure and its use in future investigations and strategies related to the pathophysiology of MSUD.
Subject(s)
Maple Syrup Urine Disease , Zebrafish , Animals , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Brain/metabolism , Leucine/metabolism , Leucine/pharmacology , Maple Syrup Urine Disease/metabolism , Oxidative Stress , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism , Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances/metabolism , Zebrafish/metabolismABSTRACT
Background: Wounds that occur with tissue necrosis and that result from the application of medications through the most diverse accesses are described as drug skin medical embolism or Nicholas syndrome in human medicine, with wide description. In veterinary medicine, this subject has not yet been described extensively and specifically in veterinary medicine, especially regarding to wounds that occurred after the application of non-intravenous medications in horses, even though these lesions are recurrent in the clinical routine. This report aims to describe a case of skin necrosis in a horse, due to phenylbutazone infection. Case: A 7 year-old Mangalarga Marchador horse, weighing 400 kg, was admitted to the Veterinary Hospital for Large Animals of the Universiade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), with a history of phenylbutazone injection to the left side of the neck. The animal had an extensive wound on the neck and face on the left side and was characterized by the presence of cold and devitalized skin, with a hardened and parched appearance and that easily detached. During the anamnesis, a single administration of 10 mL of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug based on phenylbutazone was reported intramuscularly for about 10 days to control the pain resulting from the claudication present for 14 days. The medication was administered in the region of the lateral border of the neck, on the left side. After drug administration, the animal presented an increase in volume at the application site. After 24 h, the lesion spread from the inoculation region, extending to the head and chest of the animal. During debridement, it was found that the lesion did not reach the underlying muscle tissue. In addition to the wound, the animal had upper eyelid palsy, lower lip, and auricular ptosis. Treatment with surgical debridement of devitalized tissue, topical application of ozonated sunflower oil, ketanserin, and a free skin graft was instituted. During hospitalization, the animal had a corneal ulcer in the left eye with an unfavorable prognosis due to paralysis of the upper eyelid, with enucleation of the affected eyeball. The animal was under veterinary care for 180 days and was discharged when his wound was already in an advanced stage of healing. Discussion: The history of the application of phenylbutazone intramuscularly and the location and characteristics of the lesion presented by the patient in the present report suggest that this animal presented aseptic tissue necrosis resulting from the administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, phenylbutazone. Although aseptic tissue necrosis, better known as Nicolau's syndrome or drug embolism cutis, is widely characterized and described in this species, there are studies in the literature that reproduce the syndrome in pigs and rabbits. Phenylbutazone was able to cause arterial damage, mainly in the tunica intima of the artery in which the medication was administered, with perivascular inflammatory infiltrate and subsequent skin necrosis at the site of administration. In addition to the skin lesion, the animal started to show signs compatible with the left facial nerve lesion, evidenced by the immobility of the upper eyelid and labial and ear ptosis. This resulted in corneal ulceration and subsequent enucleation. The animal also developed chewing difficulty in the first months of hospitalization. This dysfunction may be due to a lesion of the mandibular nerve, responsible for innervating the masticatory muscles and the oral mucosa. However, the animal showed improvement in this aspect, no longer showing this condition after 90 days of hospitalization. The treatment used was successful in healing the wound.
Subject(s)
Animals , Phenylbutazone/adverse effects , Gangrene/veterinary , Horses/injuries , Nicolau Syndrome/veterinary , Iatrogenic Disease/veterinaryABSTRACT
A busca por padrães estticos ideais contribuiu para o advento de procedimentos restauradores que possibilitam a mimetizaÆo do natural e a introduÆo do conceito de harmonia do sorriso atendendo s exigncias dos pacientes. A presena de diastemas anteriores m£ltiplos constitui um desafio Odontologia, tendo em vista o aspecto negativo que agrega a desproporÆo do sorriso e a esttica facial. Sendo assim, o presente caso objetiva descrever a tcnica operat¢ria do fechamento de diastemas em resina composta atravs de embasamento te¢rico cient¡fico para a resoluÆo do caso. O caso descrito relata a reabilitaÆo esttica de diastemas anteriores por meio de procedimentos restauradores diretos em resina composta promovendo a preservaÆo da estrutura dent ria, mimetizaÆo do natural, restabelecimento das corretas proporães dentais e reduÆo do tempo cl¡nico necess rio, alcanando resultados estticos de excelncia. A realizaÆo de uma tcnica padronizada e bem fundamentada em resina composta para o fechamento de diastemas proporciona resultados cl¡nicos estticos satisfat¢rios e previs¡veis.
The indreasing serach for aesthetic standards has collaborated for the advent of restorative procedures that allow a natural apearence and has lauched concept of harmonic smile, meeting patients expectations. Considered as a negative aspect of smile and facial aesthetics the presence of multiple anterior diastemas is very chalenging. This case report aims to describe the technique of the diastema closure with composite resin considering the scientific literature for the resolution of the case. In this study the is described the aesthetic rehabilitation of anterior distaemas through of direct restorative procedures with composite resin and preservation of tooth structure, mimicking natural teeth, reestablishment of dental proportions and reduced clinical time, achieving excellent aesthetic results. The implementation of a standardized and wellgrounded technique using composite for diastema closure provides clinical and aesthetic satisfactory and predictable results.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Young Adult , Composite Resins , Diastema/surgery , Esthetics, Dental , Patient SatisfactionABSTRACT
A displasia renal é caracterizada como uma desordem do parênquima renal. Ocorre no período embrionário durante a diferenciação dos tecidos renais e sua etiologia ainda permanece indefinida. Esta patologia, de origem congênita e hereditária, acomete principalmente animais jovens. A afecção pode levar ao desenvolvimento de doença renal crônica, com manifestação clínica de poliúria, polidipsia, perda de peso e apatia. Exames de imagem auxiliam na avaliação da arquitetura renal, evidenciando áreas de perda da definição córtico-medular. O diagnóstico definitivo é obtido por histopatologia. Destaca-se a importância de evitar o cruzamento de animais portadores de displasia renal, pois a doença é de caráter transmissível. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo relatar um caso de displasia renal, em um canino da raça Lhasa-apso, caracterizando seus aspectos clínicos, ultrassonográficos e anatomopatológicos.
Renal dysplasia is characterized as a disorder of the renal parenchyma. It occurs in the embryonic period during differentiation of renal tissues and its etiology remains unclear. This congenital and hereditary pathology affects mainly young animals. The condition can lead to the development of chronic kidney disease with clinical signs of polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss and apathy. Imaging tests help the evaluation of renal architecture, highlighting areas of loss of cortical-medular definition. The definitive diagnosis is made by histopathology. Highlights the importance of avoiding crossing animals with renal dysplasia, because the disease is transmitted character. This paper aims to report a case of renal dysplasia in a Lhasa-apso canine, featuring its clinical, ultrasonographic and anatomopathological aspects.
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Dogs , Chronic Disease , KidneyABSTRACT
A displasia renal é caracterizada como uma desordem do parênquima renal. Ocorre no período embrionário durante a diferenciação dos tecidos renais e sua etiologia ainda permanece indefinida. Esta patologia, de origem congênita e hereditária, acomete principalmente animais jovens. A afecção pode levar ao desenvolvimento de doença renal crônica, com manifestação clínica de poliúria, polidipsia, perda de peso e apatia. Exames de imagem auxiliam na avaliação da arquitetura renal, evidenciando áreas de perda da definição córtico-medular. O diagnóstico definitivo é obtido por histopatologia. Destaca-se a importância de evitar o cruzamento de animais portadores de displasia renal, pois a doença é de caráter transmissível. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo relatar um caso de displasia renal, em um canino da raça Lhasa-apso, caracterizando seus aspectos clínicos, ultrassonográficos e anatomopatológicos.AU
Renal dysplasia is characterized as a disorder of the renal parenchyma. It occurs in the embryonic period during differentiation of renal tissues and its etiology remains unclear. This congenital and hereditary pathology affects mainly young animals. The condition can lead to the development of chronic kidney disease with clinical signs of polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss and apathy. Imaging tests help the evaluation of renal architecture, highlighting areas of loss of cortical-medular definition. The definitive diagnosis is made by histopathology. Highlights the importance of avoiding crossing animals with renal dysplasia, because the disease is transmitted character. This paper aims to report a case of renal dysplasia in a Lhasa-apso canine, featuring its clinical, ultrasonographic and anatomopathological aspects.AU
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Dogs , Chronic Disease , KidneyABSTRACT
Este estudo teve por finalidade analisar a percepção do estudante de odontologia quanto à necessidade da inclusão das visitas domiciliares realizadas na estratégia de promoção da saúde da família durante o curso de graduação. Para a coleta das informações, foram utilizados questionários fechados aplicados aos alunos da disciplina de Estágio Supervisionado I (AU).
The aim of this study was to evaluate the student's perception of dentistry, as the need for inclusion in home visits conducted in the strategy of family health. For the collection of information were used closed questionnaires applied to students of the discipline of supervised probation I (AU).
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Students, Dental , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Wide trauma and neoplasms constitute the main indications for penectomy and scrotal urethrostomy in the dog. Reconstruction of the prepuce is technically challenging, which may not be feasible in cases of extensive tissue loss, requiring penile amputation. The aim of the current study was to report four cases of penectomy associated to scrotal urethrostomy in dogs. The patients were subjected to hematological, histopathologic exams, thoracic radiographs and abdominal echographic evaluations for surgical triage. Malignant neoplasms were diagnosed in three patients and fibrosis with extensive penile exposition was found in one dog. The patients were submitted to penile amputation and scrotal urethrostomy postoperative complications included mild hemorrhage in one dog and wound infection and myiasis in another dog. In conclusion, surgical resection followed by penectomy with scrotal urethrostomy was the best option for the treatment of the preputial lesions and resolution was achieved.(AU)
Os traumatismos extensos de prepúcio e pênis, além de neoplasias, constituem as principais indicações cirúrgicas de penectomia associado à uretrostomia escrotal no cão. A reconstrução do prepúcio é desafiadora e torna-se inviável em casos de lesões amplas, requerendo a amputação peniana. O objetivo do presente estudo foi relatar quatro casos de indicação para penectomia associada à uretrostomia escrotal em cães. Os pacientes foram submetidos a exames complementares hematológicos, citologia das lesões, radiografia de tórax, ultrassonografia abdominal foram realizadas para triagem cirúrgica. Em três pacientes diagnosticou-se neoplasias malignas e em um paciente, fibrose com extensa exposição peniana. Os cães foram submetidos a penectomia, associado a uretrostomia escrotal. As complicações pós-operatórias incluíram hemorragia leve em um paciente e infecção e miiase em outro cão. Concluiu-se que a ressecção cirúrgica seguida de penectomia com uretrostomia escrotal foi a melhor opção para as lesões prepuciais, obtendo-se sucesso no tratamento realizado.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Dogs , Penis/injuries , Penis/surgery , Scrotum/injuries , Scrotum/surgery , Amputation, Surgical/veterinary , Penile Neoplasms/veterinaryABSTRACT
Wide trauma and neoplasms constitute the main indications for penectomy and scrotal urethrostomy in the dog. Reconstruction of the prepuce is technically challenging, which may not be feasible in cases of extensive tissue loss, requiring penile amputation. The aim of the current study was to report four cases of penectomy associated to scrotal urethrostomy in dogs. The patients were subjected to hematological, histopathologic exams, thoracic radiographs and abdominal echographic evaluations for surgical triage. Malignant neoplasms were diagnosed in three patients and fibrosis with extensive penile exposition was found in one dog. The patients were submitted to penile amputation and scrotal urethrostomy postoperative complications included mild hemorrhage in one dog and wound infection and myiasis in another dog. In conclusion, surgical resection followed by penectomy with scrotal urethrostomy was the best option for the treatment of the preputial lesions and resolution was achieved.
Os traumatismos extensos de prepúcio e pênis, além de neoplasias, constituem as principais indicações cirúrgicas de penectomia associado à uretrostomia escrotal no cão. A reconstrução do prepúcio é desafiadora e torna-se inviável em casos de lesões amplas, requerendo a amputação peniana. O objetivo do presente estudo foi relatar quatro casos de indicação para penectomia associada à uretrostomia escrotal em cães. Os pacientes foram submetidos a exames complementares hematológicos, citologia das lesões, radiografia de tórax, ultrassonografia abdominal foram realizadas para triagem cirúrgica. Em três pacientes diagnosticou-se neoplasias malignas e em um paciente, fibrose com extensa exposição peniana. Os cães foram submetidos a penectomia, associado a uretrostomia escrotal. As complicações pós-operatórias incluíram hemorragia leve em um paciente e infecção e miiase em outro cão. Concluiu-se que a ressecção cirúrgica seguida de penectomia com uretrostomia escrotal foi a melhor opção para as lesões prepuciais, obtendo-se sucesso no tratamento realizado.