Biological sample collection to advance research and treatment: a Fight Osteosarcoma Through European Research (FOSTER) and Euro Ewing Consortium (EEC) statement.

Osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma are bone tumours mostly diagnosed in children, adolescents and young adults. Despite multi-modal therapy, morbidity is high and survival rates remain low, especially in the metastatic disease setting. Trials investigating targeted therapies and immunotherapies have not been ground-breaking. Better understanding of biological subgroups, the role of the tumour immune microenvironment, factors that promote metastasis and clinical biomarkers of prognosis and drug response are required to make progress. A prerequisite to achieve desired success is a thorough, systematic and clinically linked biological analysis of patient samples but disease rarity and tissue processing challenges such as logistics and infrastructure have contributed to a lack of relevant samples for clinical care and research. There is a need for a Europe-wide framework to be implemented for the adequate and minimal sampling, processing, storage and analysis of patient samples. Two international panels of scientists, clinicians and patient and parent advocates have formed the Fight Osteosarcoma Through European Research (FOSTER) consortium and the Euro Ewing Consortium (EEC). The consortia shared their expertise and institutional practices to formulate new guidelines. We report new reference standards for adequate and minimally required sampling (time points, diagnostic samples, liquid biopsy tubes), handling and biobanking to enable advanced biological studies in bone sarcoma. We describe standards for analysis and annotation to drive collaboration and data harmonisation with practical, legal and ethical considerations. This position paper provides comprehensive guidelines that should become the new standards of care that will accelerate scientific progress, promote collaboration and improve outcomes.

Patent profile for the approved and in clinical trials Mpox vaccines.

Mpox disease was reported in 110 countries since May 2022, with 88,026 cases and 148 deaths by 21 June 2023. Although some drugs were already approved for Mpox treatment, the available smallpox vaccines can provide 85% cross-prevention, but there are no scientific publications describing the patent portfolio for Mpox vaccines. This paper aims to contribute to the identification of the status of the smallpox vaccine patents now applied for Mpox. We retrieved ten vaccines, but only a few had a patent portfolio and one under patent litigation processes in three continents. Also, no specific Mpox vaccine was retrieved and, in this sense, technological monitoring studies should be performed to provide a future vision regarding Mpox prophylaxis.

Absenteísmo e suas causas no contexto da saúde dos trabalhadores em oncologia: revisão integrativa / Absenteeism and it's causes in the context of oncology workers health: integrative review / Ausentismo y sus causas en el contexto de la salud de los trabajadores en oncología: revisión integradora

O ritmo elevado de trabalho, somado às demandas físicas e psicológicas, levam ao estresse nos contextos pessoal e laboral, o que faz com que as pessoas se afastem de seus ambientes de trabalho como um dos motivos apontados para a incapacidade para o trabalho. Essa realidade tem sido amplamente observada no ambiente hospitalar, possivelmente associada a problemas relacionados à fadiga da compaixão, geralmente em serviços de oncologia. Dessa forma, a motivação deste estudo foi compreender os motivos do absenteísmo em oncologia, e se esse episódio ocorre devido ao processo de trabalho. Objetivo:Investigar as causas do absenteísmo entre profissionais expostos a riscos ambientais e biopsicossociais em hospitais oncológicos. Metodologia:Trata-se de uma revisaointegrativa sobre o tema do absenteísmo, o que indica novos rumos para futuras investigações. Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura com base em três pilares: 1) O processo de trabalho multidisciplinar em oncologia e o risco de adoecimento; 2) O absentismo dos profissionais de saúde em oncologia; 3) O problema da pandemia de COVID-19 para os trabalhadores da saúde. Posteriormente, foram escolhidos os descritores e a partir deles foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados eletrônicas PUBMED, LILACS e SCOPUS. Resultados:Obteve-se um resultado de dez estudos. Constatou-se que os principais transtornos, que levam à incapacidade para o trabalho e, por sua vez, ao absenteísmo, foram de origem psíquica (depressão e Síndrome de Burnout) e de origem musculoesquelética. Conclusões:A dupla jornada de trabalho foi citada como fator facilitador para o aparecimento desses transtornos, onde tais cenários não incapacitam o trabalhador para o desenvolvimento de suas atividades, que podem ser temporárias ou permanentes (AU).

The high pace of work, added to the physical and psychological demands, lead to stress in personal and work contexts, which causes people to withdraw from their work environments as one of the reasons mentioned for incapacitation for work. This reality hasbeen widely observed in the hospital setting, possibly associated with problems related to compassion fatigue, usually in oncology services. The motivation of this study was to understand the reasons for absenteeism in oncology, and if this episode occursdue to the work process. Objective:Investigating the causes of absenteeism among professionals exposed to environmental and biopsychosocial risks in cancer hospitals. Methodology:This is a integrative review on the theme of absenteeism, which indicates new directions for future investigations. A literature review was carried out based on three pillars: 1) The multidisciplinary work process in oncology and the risk of illness; 2) The absenteeism of health professionals in oncology; 3) The problem of the COVID-19 pandemic for health workers. Subsequently, the descriptors were chosen and based on them, searches were carried out in the electronic databases PUBMED, LILACS and SCOPUS. Results:A result of ten studies was obtained. It was found that the main disorders, which lead to incapacity for work and, in turn, absenteeism, were of psychic origin (depression and Burnout Syndrome) and of musculoskeletal origin. Conclusions: Texto das conclusões em inglêsThe double work shift was cited as a facilitating factorfor the appearance of these disorders, where such scenarios do not incapacitate the worker to develop their activities, which may be temporary or permanent (AU).

El alto ritmo de trabajo, sumado a las exigencias físicas y psicológicas, genera estrés en el contexto personal y laboral, lo que provoca que las personas se alejen de sus ambientes laborales como una de las razones esgrimidas para la incapacidad detrabajar. Esta realidad ha sido ampliamente observada en el ambiente hospitalario, posiblemente asociada a problemas relacionados con la fatiga por compasión, generalmente en los servicios de oncología. Así, la motivación de este estudio fue comprender las razones del ausentismo en oncología y si este episodio ocurre debido al proceso de trabajo. Objetivo:Investigar las causas del ausentismo entre profesionales expuestos a riesgos ambientales y biopsicosociales en hospitales oncológicos. Metodología:Se trata deuna revisión integradorasobre el tema del ausentismo, que indica nuevos rumbos para futuras investigaciones. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura basada en tres pilares: 1) El proceso de trabajo multidisciplinario en oncología y el riesgo de enfermedad; 2) El ausentismo de los profesionales de la salud en oncología; 3) El problema de la pandemia de COVID-19 para los trabajadores de la salud. Posteriormente se eligieron los descriptores y a partir de ellos se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos electrónicas PUBMED, LILACS y SCOPUS. Resultados:Se obtuvo un resultado de diez estudios. Se encontró que los principales trastornos que conducen a la incapacidad para trabajar y, a su vez, al ausentismo, fueron de origen psíquico (depresión y síndrome deBurnout) y de origen músculoesquelético. Conclusiones:La doble jornada laboral fue citada como un factor facilitador para la aparición de estos trastornos, dondedichos escenarios no incapacitan al trabajador para el desarrollo de sus actividades, las cuales pueden ser temporales o permanentes (AU).

Effects of probenecid and brilliant blue G on rat enteric glial cells following intestinal ischemia and reperfusion.

The P2X7 receptor participates in several intracellular events and acts with the pannexin-1 channel. This study examined the effects of probenecid (PB) and brilliant blue G (BBG), which are antagonists of the pannexin-1 channel and P2X7 receptor, respectively, on rat ileum enteric glial cells after on ischemia and reperfusion. The ileal vessels were occluded for 45 min with nontraumatic vascular tweezers, and reperfusion was performed for periods of 24 h and 14 and 28 days. After ischemia (IR groups), the animals were treated with BBG (BG group) or PB (PB group). The double-labeling results demonstrated the following: the P2X7 receptor was present in enteric glial cells (S100ß) and enteric neurons positive for HuC/D; enteric glial cells exhibited different phenotypes; some enteric glial cells were immunoreactive to only S100ß or GFAP; and the pannexin-1 channel was present in enteric glial cells (GFAP). Density (in cells/cm2) analyses showed that the IR group exhibited a decrease in the number of cells immunoreactive for the P2X7 receptor, pannexin-1, and HuC/D and that treatment with BBG or PB resulted in the recovery of the numbers of these cells. The number of glial cells (S100ß and GFAP) was higher in the IR group, and the treatments decreased the number of these cells to the normal value. However, the PB group did not exhibit recovery of S100ß-positive glia. The cell profile area (µm2) of S100ß-positive enteric glial cells decreased to the normal value after BBG treatment, whereas no recovery was observed in the PB group. The ileum contractile activity was decreased in the IR group and returned to baseline in the BG and PB groups. BBG and PB can effectively induce the recovery of neurons and glia cells and are thus potential therapeutic agents in the treatment of gastrointestinal tract diseases.

Analysis of the anxiety level in high risk pregnancy based on the Beck Anxiety Inventory / Análise do nível de ansiedade na gestação de alto risco com base na escala Beck Anxiety Inventory

Abstract Objectives: to analyze the level of anxiety in high risk pregnant women admitted in the maternity ward of the Hospital Universitário Lauro Wanderley (HULW) of the Federal University of Paraíba. Methods: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study of quantitative character, with a sample composed of 100 pregnant women diagnosed as high risk interned at HULW. Data collection was performed using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), used to assess the level of anxiety the patient is in and the existing symptoms. For the statistical analysis, the Mann Whitney, Kruskal Wallis and Spearman correlation tests were used, considering p<0.05. Results: it was observed that 68% of pregnant women have moderate to high anxiety, with heat, fear of the worst happening, faster heartbeat, emotional instability and nervousness listed as the most common symptoms. The presence of an anxious condition was independent of maternal age, marital status or parity, however the gestational trimester, history of abortions and length of hospital stay were identified as risk factors for anxiety. Conclusion: pregnant women with a high risk diagnosis hospitalized at HULW presented anxiety, thus identifying the need for a multiprofessional support network, such as family assistance.

Resumo Objetivos: analisar o nível de ansiedade em gestantes de alto risco internadas na maternidade do Hospital Universitário Lauro Wanderley (HULW) da Universidade Federal da Paraíba. Métodos: estudo observacional, descritivo, transversal de caráter quantitativo, com amostra composta por 100 gestantes com diagnóstico de alto risco internadas no HULW. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio do Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck (BAI), utilizado para avaliar o nível de ansiedade do paciente e os sintomas existentes. Para a análise estatística, foram utilizados os testes de Mann Whitney, Kruskal Wallis e correlação de Spearman, considerando p<0,05. Resultados: observou-se que 68% das gestantes apresentam ansiedade moderada a alta, com calor, medo do pior acontecer, batimento cardíaco acelerado, instabilidade emocional e nervosismo listados como os sintomas mais comuns. A presença de ansiedade foi independente da idade materna, estado civil ou paridade, porém o trimestre gestacional, história de aborto e tempo de internação foram identificados como fatores de risco para ansiedade. Conclusão: gestantes com diagnóstico de alto risco internadas no HULW apresentaram ansiedade, identificando-se a necessidade de uma rede de apoio multiprofssional, como o atendimento familiar.

Efficacy and safety of HD-tDCS and respiratory rehabilitation for critically ill patients with COVID-19 The HD-RECOVERY randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ADRS) due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with muscle fatigue, corticospinal pathways dysfunction, and mortality. High-Definition transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (HD-tDCS) may be used to attenuate clinical impairment in these patients. The HD-RECOVERY randomized clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of HD-tDCS with respiratory rehabilitation in patients with moderate to severe ARDS due to COVID-19. METHODS: Fifty-six critically ill patients were randomized 1:1 to active (n = 28) or sham (n = 28) HD-tDCS (twice a day, 30-min, 3-mA) plus respiratory rehabilitation for up to 10 days or until intensive care unit discharge. The primary outcome was ventilator-free days during the first 28 days, defined as the number of days free from mechanical ventilation. Furthermore, secondary outcomes such as delirium, organ failure, hospital length of stay and adverse effects were investigated. RESULTS: Active HD-tDCS induced more ventilator-free days compared to sham HD-tDCS. Patients in the active group vs in the sham group experienced lower organ dysfunction, delirium, and length of stay rates over time. In addition, positive clinical response was higher in the active vs sham group. There was no significant difference in the prespecified secondary outcomes at 5 days. Adverse events were similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with COVID-19 and moderate to severe ARDS, use of active HD-tDCS compared with sham HD-tDCS plus respiratory rehabilitation resulted in a statistically significant increase in the number of ventilator-free days over 28 days. HD-tDCS combined with concurrent rehabilitation therapy is a safe, feasible, potentially add-on intervention, and further trials should examine HD-tDCS efficacy in a larger sample of patients with COVID-19 and severe hypoxemia.

Effects of multisite anodal transcranial direct current stimulation combined with cognitive stimulation in patients with Alzheimer's disease and its neurophysiological correlates: A double-blind randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to examine the effects of multisite anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with cognitive stimulation (CS) over 2 months on cognitive performance and brain activity, and the relationship between them, in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS: Patients with AD were randomly assigned to an active tDCS+CS (n=18) or a sham tDCS+CS (n=18) group. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog) and brain activity using EEG (spectral power and coherence analysis) before and after the intervention. Multisite anodal tDCS (2 mA, 30 min) was applied over six brain regions [left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (F3 and F4), Broca's area (F5), Wernicke's area (CP5), left and right somatosensory association cortex (P3 and P4)] for 24 sessions (three times a week). Both groups performed CS during tDCS. RESULTS: Anodal tDCS+CS delays cognitive decline (ADAS-cog change) to a greater extent than sham tDCS+CS (-3.4±1.1 vs. -1.7±0.4; p=.03). Bilateral EEG coherence at high and low frequencies was greater for the active tDCS+CS than sham+CS group for most electrode pairs assessed (p < .05). The post-intervention ADAS-cog change score was predictive for EEG coherence at different sites (R²=.59 to .68; p < .05) in the active but not in the sham tDCS+CS group. CONCLUSION: Anodal tDCS+CS improved overall cognitive function and changed EEG brain activity compared to sham tDCS+CS. Changes in cognitive performance were associated with changes in EEG measures of brain activity. Anodal tDCS+CS appears to be a promising therapeutic strategy to modulate cortical activity and improve cognitive function in patients with AD.

Effects of rTMS and tDCS on neuropathic pain after brachial plexus injury: a randomized placebo-controlled pilot study.

Neuropathic pain after brachial plexus injury (NPBPI) is a highly disabling clinical condition and is increasingly prevalent due to increased motorcycle accidents. Currently, no randomized controlled trials have evaluated the effectiveness of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) in patients suffering from NPBPI. In this study, we directly compare the efficacy of 10-Hz rTMS and anodal 2 mA tDCS techniques applied over the motor cortex (5 daily consecutive sessions) in 20 patients with NPBPI, allocated into 2 parallel groups (active or sham). The order of the sessions was randomised for each of these treatment groups according to a crossover design and separated by a 30-day interval. Scores for "continuous" and "paroxysmal" pain (primary outcome) were tabulated after the last stimulation day and 30 days after. Secondary outcomes included the improvement in multidimensional aspects of pain, anxiety state and quality of life from a qualitative and quantitative approach. Active rTMS and tDCS were both superior to sham in reducing continuous (p < 0.001) and paroxysmal (p = 0.002; p = 0.02) pain as well as in multidimensional aspects of pain (p = 0.001; p = 0.002) and anxiety state (p = < 0.001; p = 0.005). Our results suggest rTMS and tDCS are able to treat NPBPI with little distinction in pain and anxiety state, which may promote the use of tDCS in brachial plexus injury pain management, as it constitutes an easier and more available technique.Clinical Trial Registration: http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/, RBR-5xnjbc - Sep 3, 2018.

Analysis of Spin in the Reporting of Studies on Electroanalgesia for Musculoskeletal Pain.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the quality of reporting and presence of spin in abstracts of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on the use of electroanalgesia for musculoskeletal pain. METHODS: The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) was searched from 2010 to June 2021. Inclusion criteria were RCTs using electroanalgesia in individuals with musculoskeletal pain, written in any language, comparing 2 or more groups, and with pain as 1 of the outcomes. Two blinded, independent, and calibrated evaluators (Gwet's AC1 agreement analysis) performed eligibility and data extraction. General characteristics, report of outcomes, quality of reporting (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials for Abstracts [CONSORT-A]), and spin analysis (7-item spin checklist and spin analysis per section) were extracted from abstracts. RESULTS: Of 989 studies selected, 173 abstracts were analyzed after screening and eligibility criteria. Mean risk of bias on the PEDro scale was 6.02 ± 1.6 points. Most abstracts did not report significant differences for primary (51.4%) and secondary (63%) outcomes. Mean quality of reporting was 5.10 ± 2.4 points in the CONSORT-A, and spin was 2.97 ± 1.7. Abstracts had at least 1 type of spin (93%), and the conclusion presented the greatest number of spin types. More than 50% of abstracts recommended an intervention without significant differences between groups. CONCLUSION: This study found that the majority of RCT abstracts on electroanalgesia for musculoskeletal conditions in our sample had a moderate to high risk of bias, incomplete or missing information, and some type of spin. We recommend that health care providers who use electroanalgesia and the scientific community be aware of spin in published studies.

Effects of a P2X7 receptor antagonist on myenteric neurons in the distal colon of an experimental rat model of ulcerative colitis.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract that include ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease and affect enteric neurons. Research has shown that Brilliant Blue G (BBG), a P2X7 receptor antagonist, restores enteric neurons following ischemia and reperfusion. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of BBG on myenteric neurons of the distal colon in an experimental rat model of ulcerative colitis. Colitis was induced by injection of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) into the large intestine. BBG was administered 1 h after colitis induction and for five consecutive days thereafter. Distal colons were collected 24 h or 7 days after TNBS injection. The animals were divided into 24-h and 7-day sham (vehicle injection rather than colitis induction), 24-h colitis, 24-h BBG, 7-day colitis and 7-day BBG groups. The disease activity index (DAI), neuronal density and profile of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)- and P2X7 receptor-immunoreactive enteric neurons were analyzed, and histological analysis was performed. The results showed recovery of the DAI and histological tissue integrity in the BBG groups compared to those in the colitis groups. In addition, the numbers of neurons positive for nNOS, ChAT and the P2X7 receptor per area were decreased in the colitis groups, and these measures were recovered in the BBG groups. Neuronal size was increased in the colitis groups and restored in the BBG groups. In conclusion, BBG is effective in improving experimental ulcerative colitis, and the P2X7 receptor may be a therapeutic target.

The race for clinical trials on Omicron-based COVID-19 vaccine candidates: Updates from global databases.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused more than 6.5 million deaths globally as of June 10, 2022. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) has the greatest transmission rate and can cause hospitalization in vaccinated individuals. It has been the most distinct SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern to date. The existing inactivated vaccines made with the wild-type strain are less efficient to prevent disease and/or hospitalization associated with the Omicron variant, even after a booster dose. Hence, it is crucial to develop new vaccines that are effective against this variant. The objective of this study was to summarize the data on existing clinical trials for new COVID-19 vaccines formulated against Omicron variant. Clinical trials from the international clinical trials registry platforms were searched and analyzed. As of June 10, 2022, a total of 15 clinical trials are available consisting of six and nine clinical trials of inactivated and messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccine candidates containing the Omicron variant, respectively. Those trials are evaluating four inactivated and four mRNA-based vaccine candidates. Although Omicron-specific vaccines are highly desired, their development is challenging since the SARS-CoV-2 variant formation is still unpredictable. Although two vaccines from Pfizer and Moderna have been approved for emergency use in the US and the UK for Omicron variant, the Asian pharmaceutical companies such as CNBG (Sinopharm), Sinovac, and Shifa Pharmed also have Phase 3 clinical trials under development and almost all clinical trials are expected to be completed in 2023. These results should help guide academics and policymakers in the COVID-19 vaccine field regarding investments in updated booster doses against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant.

Multisite non-invasive brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease: A scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by cardinal motor symptoms in addition to cognitive impairment. New insights concerning multisite non-invasive brain stimulation effects have been gained, which can now be used to develop innovative treatment approaches. OBJECTIVE: Map the researchs involving multisite non-invasive brain stimulation in PD, synthesize the available evidence and discuss future directions. METHODS: The databases PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, LILACS and The Cochrane Library were searched from inception until April 2020, without restrictions on the date of publication or the language in which it was published. The reviewers worked in pairs and sequentially evaluated the titles, abstracts and then the full text of all publications identified as potentially relevant. RESULTS: Twelve articles met the inclusion criteria. The target brain regions included mainly the combination of a motor and a frontal area, such as stimulation of the primary motor córtex associated with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Most of the trials showed that this modality was only more effective for the motor component, or for the cognitive and/or non-motor, separately. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the results being encouraging for the use of the multisite aproach, the indication for PD management should be carried out with caution and deserves scientific deepening.

Barriers imposed in the relationship between puerperal mothers and newborns in the pandemic scenario of COVID-19 / Barreiras impostas na relação entre puérperas e recém-nascidos no cenário da pandemia do COVID-19

Abstract A new virus called Sars-CoV-2, or COVID-19, emerged in late 2019 and caused several changes worldwide. In light of this, countries adopted preventive measures against this pandemic, such as social isolation, use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and special care with people who are at higher risk, such as elderly, people with hypertension or chronic conditions, and recently newborns, pregnant and puerperal women were also included. For puerperal women breastfeeding, it is an extremely important moment, which, in addition to being a natural feeding moment, it is an opportunity to strengthen the mother-baby bond. Aiming at a more cautious approach to avoid possible transmissions of COVID-19 during breastfeeding, preventive measures can hinder this binomial and bring harm to both.

Resumo Um novo vírus denominado Sars-CoV-2, ou COVID-19, surgiu no final do ano de 2019 e causou diversas modificações em todo o mundo. Diante disso, os países estabeleceram medidas preventivas contra essa pandemia, tais quais o isolamento social, uso de equipamentos de proteção individual (EPI's) e cuidado com indivíduos enquadrados nos chamados grupos de risco, como idosos, hipertensos, doentes crônicos e recentemente, as gestantes e puérperas foram inclusas. Para as puérperas, a amamentação é um momento primordial, que, além de um momento de alimentação natural, é uma oportunidade de fortalecer o vínculo mãe-bebê. Visando uma atenção mais cautelosa para uma possível transmissão de COVID-19 durante a amamentação, as medidas preventivas para esse ato podem dificultar esse binômio e trazer prejuízos para ambos.

Avaliação das Inteligências Múltiplas em Crianças do Ensino Fundamental / Primary School Children's Multiples Intelligences Assessment

Resumo Este estudo pretende avaliar as inteligências múltiplas das crianças portuguesas em idade escolar através do Multiple Intelligence Survey for Kids de Laura Candler. Após tradução e retrotradução e da respetiva validação junto de experts, o instrumento foi aplicado a 112 crianças do ensino fundamental público (1° ciclo do ensino básico), dos 6 aos 10 anos, 61% do sexo masculino. Os resultados indicam que as inteligências com valores mais elevados são a visuo-espacial, corporal-cinestésica, naturalística e interpessoal. Não existem diferenças de género exceto nas inteligências linguístico-verbal e musical, com as meninas a apresentarem valores superiores aos meninos. Os dados mostram a existência de todas as inteligências propostas por Howard Gardner e os perfis variam de criança para criança.

Abstract This study aims to evaluate Portuguese primary school children multiple intelligences. The participants were 112 children from public Portuguese schools, aged from six to ten years old, 61% male. The instrument used was the Portuguese adaptation of Laura Candler Multiple Intelligence Survey for Kids. After translation and retro translation, the scale was applied to the children, individually or in small groups. The results show that visuospatial, kinesthetic, naturalistic and interpersonal are the intelligences with higher values. There are no differences between gender except on linguistic-verbal and musical intelligences, with the girls presenting higher values. Data show the existence of all intelligences proposed by Howard Gardner, with variations among the children.

Barriers imposed in the relationship between puerperal women and newborns in the COVID-19 pandemic scenario / Barreiras impostas na relação entre puérperas e recém-nascidos no cenário da pandemia do COVID-19

A new vírus called Sars-CoV-2, or COVID-19, appeared attheend of 2019 and caused several changes world wide. In view of this, countries have established preventive measures against this pandemic, such as social isolation, use of personal protective equipment (PPE's) and care for individuals within the so-called risk groups, such as the elderly, hypertensive, chronically ill and recently, pregnant women and puerperal women were included. For puerperal women, breastfeeding is an essential moment, which, in addition to a moment of natural feeding, is na opportunity to strengthen the mother-baby bond. Aiming at a more cautious attention to a possible transmission of COVID-19 during breastfeeding, preventive measures for this act can hinder this binomial and bring harm to both.

Um novo vírus denominado Sars-CoV-2, ou COVID-19, surgiu no final do ano de 2019 e causou diversas modificações em todo o mundo. Diante disso, os países estabeleceram medidas preventivas contra essa pandemia, tais quais o isolamento social, uso de equipamentos de proteção individual (EPI's) e cuidado com indivíduos enquadrados nos chamados grupos de risco, como idosos, hipertensos, doentes crônicos e recentemente, as gestantes e puérperas foram inclusas. Para as puérperas, a amamentação é um momento primordial, que, além de um momento de alimentação natural, é uma oportunidade de fortalecer o vínculo mãe-bebê. Visando uma atenção mais cautelosa para uma possível transmissão de COVID-19 durante a amamentação, as medidas preventivas para esse ato podem dificultar esse binômio e trazer prejuízos para ambos.

P2X7 receptor antagonist recovers ileum myenteric neurons after experimental ulcerative colitis.

BACKGROUND: The P2X7 receptor is expressed by enteric neurons and enteric glial cells. Studies have demonstrated that administration of a P2X7 receptor antagonist, brilliant blue G (BBG), prevents neuronal loss. AIM: To report the effects of BBG in ileum enteric neurons immunoreactive (ir) following experimental ulcerative colitis in Rattus norvegicus albinus. METHODS: 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS group, n = 5) was injected into the distal colon. BBG (50 mg/kg, BBG group, n = 5) or vehicle (sham group, n = 5) was given subcutaneously 1 h after TNBS. The animals were euthanized after 24 h, and the ileum was removed. Immunohistochemistry was performed on the myenteric plexus to evaluate immunoreactivity for P2X7 receptor, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), HuC/D and glial fibrillary acidic protein. RESULTS: The numbers of nNOS-, ChAT-, HuC/D-ir neurons and glial fibrillary acidic protein-ir glial cells were decreased in the TNBS group and recovered in the BBG group. The neuronal profile area (µm2) demonstrated that nNOS-ir neurons decreased in the TNBS group and recovered in the BBG group. There were no differences in the profile areas of ChAT- and HuC/D-ir neurons. CONCLUSION: Our data conclude that ileum myenteric neurons and glial cells were affected by ulcerative colitis and that treatment with BBG had a neuroprotective effect. Thus, these results demonstrate that the P2X7 receptor may be an important target in therapeutic strategies.

Enteric glial cells immunoreactive for P2X7 receptor are affected in the ileum following ischemia and reperfusion.

The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of ischemia and reperfusion injury (IS) on enteric glial cells (EGCs) and neurons immunoreactive for the P2X7 receptor. Intestinal ischemia was induced by obstructing blood flow in the ileal vessels for 35 min. Afterwards, the vessels were reperfused for 14 days. Tissues were prepared for immunohistochemical labeling of P2X7 receptor, HuC/D (Hu) (pan-neuronal marker) and S100ß (glial marker); HuC/D (Hu) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP, glial marker)/DAPI (nuclear marker); or S100ß and GFAP/DAPI. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of colocalization, density, profile area and cell proliferation were performed via fluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The quantitative analyses revealed that a) neurons and EGCs were immunoreactive for P2X7 receptor; b) the P2X7 receptor immunoreactive cells and Hu immunoreactive neurons were reduced after 0 h and 14 days of reperfusion; c) the S100ß and GFAP immunoreactive EGCs were increased; d) the profile area of S100ß immunoreactive EGCs was increased by IS; e) few GFAP immunoreactive proliferated at 14 days of reperfusion; f) distinct populations of glial cells can be discerned: S100ß+/GFAP+ cells, S100ß+/GFAP- cells and S100ß-/GFAP + cells; g) histological analysis revealed less alterations in the epithelium cells in the IS groups and h) myeloperoxidase reaction revealed increased of the neutrophils in the lamina propria in the IS groups. This study showed that IS is associated with significant neuronal loss, increase of glial cells and altered purinergic receptor expression and that these changes may contribute to intestinal disorders.

Blockage of the P2X7 Receptor Attenuates Harmful Changes Produced by Ischemia and Reperfusion in the Myenteric Plexus.

INTRODUCTION: Our work analyzed the effects of a P2X7 receptor antagonist, Brilliant Blue G (BBG), on rat ileum myenteric plexus following ischemia and reperfusion (ISR) induced by 45 min of ileal artery occlusion with an atraumatic vascular clamp with 24 h (ISR 24-h group) or 14 d of reperfusion (ISR 14-d group). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Either BBG (50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg, BBG50 or BBG100 groups) or saline (vehicle) was administered subcutaneously 1 h after ischemia in the ISR 24-h group or once daily for the 5 d after ischemia in the ISR 14-d group (n = 5 per group). We evaluated the neuronal density and profile area by examining the number of neutrophils in the intestinal layers, protein expression levels of the P2X7 receptor, intestinal motility and immunoreactivity for the P2X7 receptor, nitric oxide synthase, neurofilament-200, and choline acetyl transferase in myenteric neurons. RESULTS: The neuronal density and profile area were restored by BBG following ISR. The ischemic groups showed alterations in P2X7 receptor protein expression and the number of neutrophils in the intestine and decreased intestinal motility, all of which were recovered by BBG treatment. CONCLUSION: We concluded that ISR morphologically and functionally affected the intestine and that its effects were reversed by BBG treatment, suggesting the P2X7 receptor as a therapeutic target.

Construção e validação de instrumento para uso de ventilação mecânica não invasiva em idosos após acidente vascular encefálico / Construction and validation of an instrument for the use of non-invasive mechanical ventilation in the elderly after stroke

O suporte ventilatório mecânico é um tipo de tecnologia empregada por fisioterapeutas para substituir temporariamente a função pulmonar, de maneira total ou parcial, com a finalidade de promover a ventilação alveolar adequada, corrigindo, dessa forma, as trocas gasosas e fornecendo repouso aos músculos respiratórios. O sucesso da ventilação mecânica não invasiva está diretamente relacionado com a adaptação ao modo ventilatório e com a interface escolhida. Portanto, torna-se fundamental para o fisioterapeuta o conhecimento dos equipamentos e das interfaces, indicação e contraindicação, escolha do modo ventilatório para cada paciente. Logo, percebe-se a importância em construir e validar um instrumento para uso de ventilação mecânica não invasiva em idosos pós acidente vascular encefálico, para que esta terapêutica seja aplicada o mais precoce possível, com o objetivo de melhorar a função respiratória e proporcionar melhor qualidade de vida em idosos pós AVE

Morphological Characterization of the Myenteric Plexus of the Ileum and Distal colon of Dogs Affected by Muscular Dystrophy.

Duchenne-like muscular dystrophy (canine dystrophinopathy) is a hereditary degenerative disease characterized by muscle changes similar to those described for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and by alterations in the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract. Some authors have suggested that these abnormalities may be associated with intestinal motility. This study analyzed the nitrergic and cholinergic neurons and P2X7 receptor expression in the myenteric plexus of the ileum and distal colon of dogs with muscular dystrophy. Immunohistochemical techniques were used to detect nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and acetylcholine transferase (ChAT) expression and to label all HuC/D- and P2X7 receptor-immunoreactive (IR) neurons. Transmission electron microscopy and basic histology were performed for further analysis. The results showed that nitrergic neurons exhibited a Dogiel type I morphology in the ileum and distal colon. The neuronal profile results showed that there were fewer NOS-, ChAT-, and HuC/D-IR neurons in the ileum than in the distal colon in the dystrophic (DT) dogs. Additionally, there were more NOS-, ChAT- and HuC/D-IR neurons per ganglion in the distal colon than in the ileum. The P2X7 receptor-expressing neurons colocalized with nitrergic and cholinergic neurons. Transmission and light microscopy revealed collagen between the muscle fibers, between the circular and longitudinal muscle layers and within the myenteric ganglia of dogs with muscular dystrophy. These findings provide a morphological description of the myenteric neurons in the ileum and distal colon of these DT dogs and may contribute to a better understanding of the gastrointestinal disorders found in patients with DMD. Anat Rec, 301:673-685, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.