Influence of the Sodium Salt of 3α, 7α-Dihydroxy-12-Oxo-5β -Cholanate on Antimicrobial Activity of Ampicillin In Vitro

Background: Multiple resistances to antibiotics are an emergent problem worldwide. Scientists intensively search for new substances with the antimicrobial potential or the mode to restore the activity of old-generation antibiotics. Ampicillin is the antibiotic with the expanded range of antimicrobial activity, but its use has decreased due to the poor absorption and highly developed resistance. In vivo studies showed that ampicillin has better absorption and bioavailability if combined with bile acid salts. The aim of this study was to examine antimicrobial effects of ampicillin alone and its combination with semisynthetic monoketocholic acid salt (MKH) in vitro.Materials, Methods & Results: In this study, commercial preparation of ampicillin and sodium salt of 3,7-dihydroxy-12- oxo-5-cholanate were used. Their effects were evaluated on Escherichia coli (E. coli), Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and Enterococcusfaecium (E. faecium), obtained from urine specimens of dogs with clinically manifested cystitis. The first two investigated strains were ampicillin-sensitive, while E. faecium was resistant to ampicillin. Modified macrodilution method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Guidelines (M7-A8) was performed. Bacterial suspension equivalent to 0.5 McFarland was prepared in saline, compared to the standard (Biomerieux) ad oculi. The density was [...]

Influence of the Sodium Salt of 3α, 7α-Dihydroxy-12-Oxo-5β -Cholanate on Antimicrobial Activity of Ampicillin In Vitro

Background: Multiple resistances to antibiotics are an emergent problem worldwide. Scientists intensively search for new substances with the antimicrobial potential or the mode to restore the activity of old-generation antibiotics. Ampicillin is the antibiotic with the expanded range of antimicrobial activity, but its use has decreased due to the poor absorption and highly developed resistance. In vivo studies showed that ampicillin has better absorption and bioavailability if combined with bile acid salts. The aim of this study was to examine antimicrobial effects of ampicillin alone and its combination with semisynthetic monoketocholic acid salt (MKH) in vitro.Materials, Methods & Results: In this study, commercial preparation of ampicillin and sodium salt of 3,7-dihydroxy-12- oxo-5-cholanate were used. Their effects were evaluated on Escherichia coli (E. coli), Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and Enterococcusfaecium (E. faecium), obtained from urine specimens of dogs with clinically manifested cystitis. The first two investigated strains were ampicillin-sensitive, while E. faecium was resistant to ampicillin. Modified macrodilution method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Guidelines (M7-A8) was performed. Bacterial suspension equivalent to 0.5 McFarland was prepared in saline, compared to the standard (Biomerieux) ad oculi. The density was [...](AU)

Influence of bile acids on rat gut microflora deterioration induced by oral ampicillin treatment

Background: Metabolic capacity of gut microflora is huge and this “microb” organ can be considered as second biggestmetabolic organ in body. The potential for an antibiotic to influence gut microflora is related to its spectrum of activity,pharmacokinetics, dosage and length of administration. In terms of pharmacokinetics, the rate of intestinal absorption playsa fundamental role. Apart from basic physiological functions, bile acids and their analogues are recognized as transportpromoters for other substances, in potentiating their action. The aim of this study was to demonstrate potential protectiveeffect of monoketocholic bile acid on rat intestinal microflora from oral ampicillin.Materials, Methods & Results: Eighteen Wistar rats were divided into three groups (n = 6). The experimental protocol wasapproved by Ethics Committee on Animal Use of the University Novi Sad. All animals received 10 mL/kg of body weightof drugs solutions per os by oral intubations. The animals have been treated twice daily for three days, with saline, ampicillin 500 mg/kg and ampicillin 500 mg/kg + monoketocholic bile acid (MKH) 4 mg/kg. The fecal pellets were collectedtwice, before and after the treatment was completed. Within 2 h of collection, samples of whole pellets were processedmicrobiologically. Weighed portions of feces were suspended 1:10 in sterile 0.9% NaCl and further diluted with samesolutions up to 1: 1013. The number of colony forming units (CFU) was determined by direct counting. Only the platescontaining 30 to 300 CFU were considered as valid. The ampicillin treated group, showed significant reduction...(AU)

Influence of bile acids on rat gut microflora deterioration induced by oral ampicillin treatment

Background: Metabolic capacity of gut microflora is huge and this “microb” organ can be considered as second biggestmetabolic organ in body. The potential for an antibiotic to influence gut microflora is related to its spectrum of activity,pharmacokinetics, dosage and length of administration. In terms of pharmacokinetics, the rate of intestinal absorption playsa fundamental role. Apart from basic physiological functions, bile acids and their analogues are recognized as transportpromoters for other substances, in potentiating their action. The aim of this study was to demonstrate potential protectiveeffect of monoketocholic bile acid on rat intestinal microflora from oral ampicillin.Materials, Methods & Results: Eighteen Wistar rats were divided into three groups (n = 6). The experimental protocol wasapproved by Ethics Committee on Animal Use of the University Novi Sad. All animals received 10 mL/kg of body weightof drugs solutions per os by oral intubations. The animals have been treated twice daily for three days, with saline, ampicillin 500 mg/kg and ampicillin 500 mg/kg + monoketocholic bile acid (MKH) 4 mg/kg. The fecal pellets were collectedtwice, before and after the treatment was completed. Within 2 h of collection, samples of whole pellets were processedmicrobiologically. Weighed portions of feces were suspended 1:10 in sterile 0.9% NaCl and further diluted with samesolutions up to 1: 1013. The number of colony forming units (CFU) was determined by direct counting. Only the platescontaining 30 to 300 CFU were considered as valid. The ampicillin treated group, showed significant reduction...