Traveling-wave based fault location estimation in FACTS compensated transmission system: Recent status, challenges and future research directions.

This article presents a recent literature review on traveling wave-based fault location estimation in flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) compensated transmission system. The review aims to provide an overview of the current state-of-the-art in traveling wave-based fault location methods and their applications in FACTS compensated power systems. Firstly, the importance of fault location techniques and their classification are discussed. Secondly, the basic theory behind traveling-wave based fault location methods is presented. Further, the effects of presence of different FACTS devices are presented to highlight the challenges in developing efficient fault location methods for FACTS compensated transmission system. The survey covers reported traveling-wave based fault location techniques and highlights the current status and challenges. Additionally, the survey reviews recent advancements in the field and identifies future research directions. The study concludes by summarizing the main findings and providing recommendations for further research. The presented literature review provides valuable insights for researchers, engineers, and practitioners in the field of power system protection and control.

An investigation on the antibacterial, cytotoxic, and antibiofilm efficacy of starch-stabilized silver nanoparticles.

The increased emergence of drug resistant microbes creates a major challenge to the scientific community for successful development of effective therapeutics. The antimicrobial activities of silver ions are well known, but limited information is available on the effects of green silver-nanoparticles (AgNPs) on human pathogens. In this article, we evaluated the antibacterial activity of starch-stabilized AgNPs against a panel of human pathogens commonly associated with air, water and food borne infections. The shape and size distribution of AgNPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy. We showed that AgNPs were more effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens as compared with acid-fast bacteria. AgNPs were not cytotoxic to macrophages at the bactericidal concentration and can augment intracellular killing potential of macrophages. Furthermore, we showed that AgNPs disrupt biofilm formation and exhibit better antibacterial activity compared to human cationic antimicrobial peptide LL-37. In summary, our data suggest AgNPs as a promising template for the design of novel antibacterial agents.