Role of MRI, Ultrasound, and Computed Tomography in the Management of Prostate Cancer.

Computed tomography (CT), MRI, and Ultrasound play an evolving role in prostate cancer management. Multi-parametric MRI has high sensitivity and negative predictive value in prostate cancer diagnosis, leading to increased utilization as part of an active surveillance paradigm in low-to-intermediate-risk patients, and local tumor staging in high-grade cancers. CT is modestly sensitive in staging high-grade tumors to evaluate for nodal, liver, lung, and bone metastasis, and is preferred for assessing treatment related complications. Until recently, ultrasound has been limited to a guidance modality for biopsy and treatment; however, advances in micro-ultrasound technology aim to expand its role diagnosing and managing prostate cancer.

Recent Advances in Computed Tomography and MR Imaging.

Numerous advanced MR imaging and computed tomographic techniques have been developed and implemented in clinical practice over the past several years resulting in increased diagnostic accuracy and improved patient care. In this article, the authors highlight recent and emerging imaging techniques in functional and structural MR imaging, perfusion and vascular imaging, standardization of imaging practices, and selected applications of artificial intelligence in clinical practice.

CT imaging of inflatable penile prosthesis complications: a pictorial essay.

PURPOSE: Inflatable penile prostheses (IPPs) are widely used in the United States, for patients with erectile dysfunction refractory to other treatments. Complications subsequent to IPP insertion include infection, hematoma, fluid leak, component (cylinder/pump/reservoir) complications, and retained previous IPP components. Radiologists are often called upon to identify and characterize these complications utilizing CT prior to intervention. Our paper aims to provide a guide to familiarize radiologists with normal IPP component imaging and review the CT findings of commonly encountered complications. METHODS: In this study, we retrospectively reviewed CT reports with descriptions of IPPs from 108 patients. We collected CT images of normal IPP components as well as reevaluated the CT findings of 33 patients with an IPP complication and correlated with immediately subsequent operative report. RESULTS: The CT appearance of appropriately positioned normal IPP components in asymptomatic patients and each complication were described and compared to previous literature. CONCLUSIONS: CT is a very useful modality to assess an IPP-related complication. It is inexpensive, fast, and immediately available in emergent situations, e.g., infection, hematoma, and component erosion. Additionally, CT is very sensitive and makes it easier to diagnose a system leak. It can identify most cylinder complications and pump malposition and can be extremely helpful to the surgeon in preoperative planning if revision is needed. After this review, the radiologist should be able to identify normal IPP components and their complications.