Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in the Management of Zygomatic Bone Osteomyelitis.

INTRODUCTION: Zygomatic bone osteomyelitis is a rare condition having an incidence of 1.42%. Zygomatic osteomyelitis can be due to haematogenous infection with tubercle bacillus, facial bone fractures or very rarely due to an unknown aetiology like in our case. If surgically managed alone, it would lead to complete loss of zygomatic bone, causing high morbidity to the patient in terms of function and aesthetics like loss of globe support causing dystopia, loss of facial projection causing facial asymmetry. Restoration of facial symmetry and globe support would require extensive procedures such as non-vascular bone grafting or patient-specific implant placement or microvascular bone flap transfer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) was used to try and preserve the zygoma by promoting revascularisation. The patient received 100% oxygen at 2.5 absolute atmospheric pressure for 90 min, one session per day for 5 days in a week using a mask system in a multiplace chamber. The patient was reviewed clinically and radiologically after each 5 dives of HBOT sessions. After a total of 30 dives of HBOT, CT examination was repeated. There was partial reconstitution of cortical bone without any additional residual bone lesion. Minimal residual sequestra were noted. At this stage, the patient underwent conservative sequestrectomy in contrast to extensive surgery if HBOT was not contemplated. CONCLUSION: HBOT has the potential to be a very useful adjunct in the treatment of osteomyelitis in head and neck surgery; however, there is a need for carefully designed trials, avoiding methodological bias due to the great variability of patients, infectious agents, antibiotic resistance, host factors, to broaden the evidence of this therapeutic modality.

Surgical Treatment of Recurrent Lower Eyelid Sebaceous Gland Carcinoma and Reconstruction with Pedicled Nasolabial and Non-vascularised Buccal Mucosal Flaps.

INTRODUCTION: Sebaceous gland carcinoma of the eyelid is an uncommon but highly malignant tumour. Post-tumour excisional defect reconstruction must aim in restoration of function and aesthetics. Prompt diagnosis and adequate treatment is of paramount for successful outcome of disease. CASE REPORT: A 61-year-old female patient underwent surgery for sebaceous gland carcinoma of right lower eyelid 3 years back and reported to us with recurrence. On examination, an exophytic mass was seen over right conjunctiva adjacent to the eyelid margin. With the objective of restoring form and aesthetics, immediate reconstruction was carried out using superiorly pedicled nasolabial flap to cover the lower eyelid defect and non-vascularised buccal mucosal flap for bulbar and palpebral conjunctival reconstruction. CONCLUSION: The tumour is notorious to cause local recurrence and metastases; hence, an early and accurate diagnosis, surgical and adjunctive chemoradiation and regular periodic follow-ups are of utmost importance for the successful management of sebaceous gland carcinoma of eyelids.