Prevalencia y factores asociados de fragilidad en adultos mayores de 70 años en la comunidad / Prevalence and associated factors of frailty in adults over 70 years in the community

Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia y analizar los factores asociados al síndrome de fragilidad en adultos ≥70 años, pertenecientes a un centro de salud de Asturias. Diseño: Estudio observacional transversal. Emplazamiento: Centro de Salud El Llano, Asturias. Participantes: Adultos ≥70 años. Mediciones principales: La fragilidad se definió por la presencia de ≥3 criterios del fenotipo de fragilidad de Fried. Variables secundarias: características sociodemográficas, estado de salud, estado funcional, estado cognitivo-afectivo y riesgo social. Se realizó un análisis bivariante y regresión logística. Resultados: Se incluyeron 408 participantes con una edad media de 79,8 (DE 6,6) años, el 59,1% eran mujeres. La prevalencia de fragilidad fue del 27,7% y del 44,9% para la prefragilidad. El perfil sociodemográfico es de una mujer (77%), de elevada edad (>84 años) (50,4%), sin estudios (65,5%), viuda (48,7%), con bajo nivel económico (47,8%) y en riesgo social (OR: 3,3; IC 95%: 2,5-4). Los factores que se asociaron estadísticamente con el síndrome de fragilidad fueron: comorbilidad alta (OR: 2,7; IC 95%: 1,5-5), polimedicación (OR: 1,9; IC 95%: 1,3-3), percepción de la calidad de vida con la salud (OR: 0,95; IC 95%: 0,93-0,97); deambulación alterada (OR: 17,9; IC 95%: 7,1-45,3), apoyo para la marcha (OR: 10,5; IC 95%: 4,7-23,4), alto riesgo de caídas (OR: 6,4; IC 95%: 3,8-10,8), dependencia para las ABVD (OR: 4; IC 95%: 2,4-6,6), AIVD (OR: 9,7; IC 95%: 4,7-20), discapacidad (OR: 37,7; IC 95%: 52,2-274,5), deterioro cognitivo (OR: 4,1; IC 95%: 1,8-9,3) y depresión (OR: 4,8; IC 95%: 2,7-8,7). Conclusiones: La fragilidad es un síndrome multifactorial de elevada prevalencia en los mayores de 70 años, en el que además de los criterios de fragilidad de Fried deben de ser analizados aspectos del estado de salud, funcionales, cognitivos-afectivos y sociales.(AU)

Objective: To estimate the prevalence and analyze the factors associated with frailty syndrome, in adults ≥70 years old, belonging to a health center in Asturias. Design: Observational cross-sectional study. Participants: Adults ≥70 years of age. Site: Health Centre of Llano (Asturias). Main measurements: Frailty was defined by the presence of ≥3 criteria of Fried's frailty phenotype. Secondary variables: sociodemographic characteristics, health status, functional status, cognitive-affective status and social risk. A bivariate analysis and logistic regression were performed. Results: Four hundred eight participants were included, with a mean age of 79.8 (SD 6.6), 59.1% female. The prevalence of frailty was 27.7% and 44.9% for pre-frailty. The sociodemographic profile is that of a woman (77%), of high age (>84 years) (50.4%), without studies (65.5%), widow (48.7%) with low economic status (47.8%) and at social risk (OR: 3.3; 95% CI: 2.5-4). Factors that were statistically associated with frailty syndrome were: high comorbidity (OR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.5-5), polypharmacy (OR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.3-3), perception of quality of life with health (OR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.93-0.97), impaired ambulation (OR: 17.9; 95% CI: 7.1-45.3), support for walking (OR: 10.5; 95% CI: 4.7-23.4), high risk of falls (OR: 6.4; 95% CI: 3.8-10.8), ABVD (OR: 4; 95% CI: 2.4-6.6), AIVD (OR: 9.7; 95% CI: 4.7-20), disability (OR: 37.7; 95% CI: 52.2-274.5), cognitive impairment (OR: 4.1; 95% CI: 1.8-9.3) and depression (OR: 4.8; 95% CI: 2.7-8.7). Conclusions: Frailty is a multifactorial syndrome, with a high prevalence in those over 70 years of age, in which, in addition to Fried's criteria of frailty, aspects of health, functional, cognitive-affective and social status must be analyzed.(AU)

[Prevalence and associated factors of frailty in adults over 70 years in the community]. / Prevalencia y factores asociados de fragilidad en adultos mayores de 70 años en la comunidad.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence and analyze the factors associated with frailty syndrome, in adults ≥70 years old, belonging to a health center in Asturias. DESIGN: Observational cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: Adults ≥70 years of age. SITE: Health Centre of Llano (Asturias). MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Frailty was defined by the presence of ≥3 criteria of Fried's frailty phenotype. Secondary variables: sociodemographic characteristics, health status, functional status, cognitive-affective status and social risk. A bivariate analysis and logistic regression were performed. RESULTS: Four hundred eight participants were included, with a mean age of 79.8 (SD 6.6), 59.1% female. The prevalence of frailty was 27.7% and 44.9% for pre-frailty. The sociodemographic profile is that of a woman (77%), of high age (>84 years) (50.4%), without studies (65.5%), widow (48.7%) with low economic status (47.8%) and at social risk (OR: 3.3; 95% CI: 2.5-4). Factors that were statistically associated with frailty syndrome were: high comorbidity (OR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.5-5), polypharmacy (OR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.3-3), perception of quality of life with health (OR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.93-0.97), impaired ambulation (OR: 17.9; 95% CI: 7.1-45.3), support for walking (OR: 10.5; 95% CI: 4.7-23.4), high risk of falls (OR: 6.4; 95% CI: 3.8-10.8), ABVD (OR: 4; 95% CI: 2.4-6.6), AIVD (OR: 9.7; 95% CI: 4.7-20), disability (OR: 37.7; 95% CI: 52.2-274.5), cognitive impairment (OR: 4.1; 95% CI: 1.8-9.3) and depression (OR: 4.8; 95% CI: 2.7-8.7). CONCLUSIONS: Frailty is a multifactorial syndrome, with a high prevalence in those over 70 years of age, in which, in addition to Fried's criteria of frailty, aspects of health, functional, cognitive-affective and social status must be analyzed.