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1.
Rev. cient. Esc. Univ. Cienc. Salud ; 4(1): 27-33, ene.-jun. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-883126

ABSTRACT

Un estado nutricional deficiente en la niñez incre - menta el riesgo de muerte, inhibe su desarrollo cog- nitivo y afecta su estado de salud de por vida. Aten- der esta condición es indispensable para asegurar el desarrollo de la niñez y garantizar el desarrollo del país. Objetivo: Establecer el estado nutricional en ni- ños escolares de seis a doce años que asisten a la escuela "Nuestra Señora la Merced", La Paz, Hon- duras, durante el período de marzo - abril de 2016. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo de corte transver- sal, universo de 155 niños de primero a sexto grado, muestra 110 niños, índice de confianza 95%, proba - bilidad a favor 50% y porcentaje de error 5%. Previo consentimiento informado autorizado por tutores le- gales. Se utilizaron las tablas y guías de la OMS para valorar el estado nutricional de los niños. Resultados: De 110 estudiantes evaluados: 11 (10%) estaban emaciados, 6 (5%) obesos, 14 (13%) sobrepeso, 21 (19%) posible riesgo de sobrepeso, 58 (53%) tenían un adecuado estado nutricional. De los niños emacia - dos; 40% habían padecido enfermedades respirato - rias, 30% chikungunya, 10% diarrea y 10% anemia. En todos los hogares de los niños emaciados los padres reciben un ingreso mensual menor al salario mínimo. Conclusiones: Los trastornos nutricionales siguen presentes en la niñez hondureña, con un aumento significativo de niños en posible riesgo de sobrepeso y obesidad, siendo estos los principales problemas en la actualidad de los escolares en nuestro estudio, sin embargo, todavía existen niños con emaciación.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Child Development , Child Nutrition Disorders/economics , Infant Mortality , Informed Consent By Minors , Nutritional Status
2.
Rev. cient. Esc. Univ. Cienc. Salud ; 3(1): 40-46, ene.-jun. 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-833619

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: La apendicitis aguda es la urgencia quirúrgica más frecuente en las emer- gencias y lleva a serias complicaciones. Su incidencia anual es de 1,33 por 1000 hombres y 0,09 por 1000 mujeres. El diagnóstico temprano, profilaxis antibiótica y terapia postoperatoria correcta, evitan complicaciones. Objetivo: Demostrar los principales factores desencadenantes de las complicaciones en los pacientes con Apendicitis Aguda en el Hospital General del Sur de Junio de 2015 a Febrero de 2016. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio no experimental, transversal, analítico, con universo de 568 pacientes operados por apendicitis aguda, muestra de 300 pacientes, constituida por 179 casos y 121 controles. Se determino un intervalo de confianza de 3.88, con nivel de confianza de 95%, el valor de precisión 0.6, dando como resultado una muestra de 237 la cual se cambio a 300 por tener más disponibilidad de los expedientes y realizar un estudio más preciso. Resultados: 179 (59%) de los pacientes eran hombres, 128 (70.1%) tenían entre 1-29 años, el diagnóstico se realizó con: hipersensibilidad en cuadrante inferior derecho del abdomen (98%), neutrofilia mayor a 70% (93%). No se le aplico profilaxis antibiótica a 204 pacientes (68%), hubieron apéndicitis complicadas en 59.7% y no complicadas en 40.3%, infección de la herida quirúrgica en un 10%, y la relación entre uso de profilaxis e infección de herida quirúrgica dio un OR 0.37 Conclusiones: la dificultad en los accesos de salud, la demora en el manejo y tratamiento de los pacientes y la falta de profilaxis antibiótica se vieron como factores desen- cadenantes. El más importante de estos fue la profilaxis antibiótica ya que su OR de 0.37 nos da un porcentaje de beneficiencia de 63% para prevenir infección de sitio quirúrgico...(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Appendicitis/complications , Emergency Medical Services , Health Services Accessibility , Hypersensitivity/complications
3.
Nutr Hosp ; 27(6): 1894-9, 2012.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23588436

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: It has been reported that children nursed in orphanages loose one month of lineal growth for every three months they spend in the orphanage. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the daily variation of weight- for- length and length-for-age among infants under 24 months of age, living in a temporary public orphanage in Mexico. METHODS: Ninety children from 0 to 24 months of age, who were institutionalized at an orphanage, were assessed during a three month period. Upon arrival their height and weight were measured daily, Monday through Friday. Daily growth velocity for weight and length was calculated. Length-for age (LAZ) and weight-for-length (WHZ) age z- scores were calculated based on WHO criteria. Risk of overweight (ROW) and overweight (OW) were classified using the WHO criteria. RESULTS: The increments of daily weight were lower than the normal range (9 g daily), but the ROW and OW increased from 10% and 3% at the beginning of the study to 14% and 11% at the end. At the end of the follow-up, WHZ was inversely associated to length (cm/day) velocity (r = -302, p < 0.01). Although a significant increase in ROW and OW was observed, at the end of the study, 31% of the children showed signs of stunting (-2 SD in length-age) and 5% remained emaciated (-2 SD in weight-length). CONCLUSIONS: Children living in an orphanage showed reduced increments of weight and length-for-age, as well as a reduced length velocity and an increased ROW and OW.


Subject(s)
Body Height/physiology , Growth/physiology , Overweight/epidemiology , Aging/physiology , Body Weight/physiology , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Mexico , Orphanages , Risk
4.
Am J Hum Biol ; 13(5): 590-602, 2001.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11505467

ABSTRACT

Infant mortality rate (IMR), overall frequency of linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH), sexual dimorphism in LEH, age of onset of LEH, and age at menarche were used as indicators to test the hypothesis that the origin and development of the tourist industry and increased state participation on Maya subsistence agriculturists in the early 1970s had improved the well-being of the Maya. Two historical moments where inferred from the data. The first was derived from cheap and effective immunization and sanitation campaigns that reduced IMR from 143.4/1,000 live births in the early 1960s to 97.4 in the early 1970s. State participation broke the undernutrition-disease cycle enough to reduce LEH frequencies significantly (from 71.9% in individuals born before 1971 to 51.5% in those born in 1971 or after, chi(2) = 55.72; 1 df; alpha = 0.00001) and to eliminate the sex difference in LEH expression (from a 14.8% LEH difference between men and women before 1971 [Male/Female Odds Radio = 0.45, alpha significant at 0.05] to a nonsignificant 2% difference). Improvement in overall living conditions reflected in a "modern stage" infant mortality regime and an almost disappearance of LEHs, resulted from gradual improvements in living conditions that did not become apparent until the 1980s. Trends in the age at menarche are not statistically significant, probably due to methodological limitations. However, if overall living conditions continue to improve or stay as they are today, accelerations in maturation should become noticeable.


Subject(s)
Health Status , Indians, North American , Adolescent , Age Distribution , Age of Onset , Agriculture , Chi-Square Distribution , Child , Child, Preschool , Dental Enamel Hypoplasia/epidemiology , Dental Enamel Hypoplasia/ethnology , Female , Humans , Immunization Programs , Infant , Infant Mortality , Infant, Newborn , Male , Menarche , Mexico/epidemiology , Mexico/ethnology , Nutritional Status , Regional Medical Programs , Sanitation , Sex Characteristics , Statistics, Nonparametric , Travel
5.
Rev. Ateneo Argent. Odontol ; 40(1): 14-8, ene.-abr. 2001. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-288856

ABSTRACT

La odontodisplasia regional es una rara anomalía dentaria de desarrollo sobre la cual hay solamente alrededor de 100 casos publicados. Clínicamente se presenta como dientes pequeños de color y forma atípicos. Radiográficamente aparece como un "diente fantasma". Se presenta un paciente de sexo masculino de 24 años de edad, con piezas retenidas en el maxilar inferior. Se evalúa su historia clínica y se presenta el tratamiento


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Tooth Abnormalities/therapy , Odontodysplasia/therapy , Tooth, Impacted/surgery , Argentina , Surgical Flaps
6.
Rev. Ateneo Argent. Odontol ; 40(1): 14-8, ene.-abr. 2001. ilus
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-10059

ABSTRACT

La odontodisplasia regional es una rara anomalía dentaria de desarrollo sobre la cual hay solamente alrededor de 100 casos publicados. Clínicamente se presenta como dientes pequeños de color y forma atípicos. Radiográficamente aparece como un "diente fantasma". Se presenta un paciente de sexo masculino de 24 años de edad, con piezas retenidas en el maxilar inferior. Se evalúa su historia clínica y se presenta el tratamiento (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Tooth Abnormalities/therapy , Odontodysplasia/therapy , Tooth, Impacted/surgery , Argentina , Surgical Flaps
7.
Endoscopia (México) ; 10(4): 147-50, oct.-dic. 1999. tab, graf, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-276452

ABSTRACT

Estudiamos manométricamente a 65 pacientes con sintomatología de esofagitis por reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE), de ellos 36 tuvieron evidencia de reflujo endoscópicamente (21 masculinos y 15 femeninos). Las alteraciones encontradas en el cuerpo fueron ausencia de peristalsis efectiva en 20 por ciento y ondas no transmitidas en 75 por ciento con hipotomía y sin relajación apropiada 16 por ciento. Concluimos que no puede aseverarse si el reflujo es debido a las alteraciones o estas lo producen


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal/statistics & numerical data , Manometry/statistics & numerical data , Gastroesophageal Reflux/etiology , Gastroesophageal Reflux/physiopathology , Esophageal Motility Disorders/physiopathology , Esophagogastric Junction/physiopathology
8.
Endoscopia (México) ; 9(3): 77-9, jul.-sept. 1998. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-248142

ABSTRACT

La esofagogastroduodenoscopia (EGD) ha demostrado ser un procedimiento seguro y útil. Su uso durante el embarazo no ha sido aceptado. El registro tococardiográfico de la frecuencia cardíaca fetal es un índice confiable del bienestar del producto, y sus alteraciones muestran el sufrimiento fetal. Se realizo un estudio prospectivo y logitudinal en 75 mujeres embarazadas, con sintomatología gastrointestinal superior, las cuales se sometieron a procedimiento endoscópico con monitoreo tococardiográfico. El promedio de edad fue de 26.6 años. 27 pacientes (49.3 por ciento) se encontraban entre la semana 20 y 27 de gestación 23 (30.6 por ciento) entre la semana 28 y 35). 15 pacientes (20 por ciento) entre la semana 36 y 42. Se registro bradicardía transitoria leve en 45 productos (60 por ciento), taquicardía transitoria en 15 (20 por ciento) y no se presentaron alteraciones 15 productos (20 por ciento). No se registro ninguna complicación durante el procedimiento ni durante el periodo de seguimiento hasta el momento del parto. Concluimos que el procedimiento de EGD realizado en las mujeres embarazadas es un procedimiento seguro y útil, y que no representa riesgo para la madre ni el producto.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Echocardiography , Endoscopy, Digestive System , Fetal Distress/diagnosis , Fetal Monitoring , Pregnancy Trimester, Second , Risk Assessment , Security Measures
9.
Rev Gastroenterol Mex ; 63(4 Suppl 1): S69-73, 1998.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10068728

ABSTRACT

Oddi sphincter dysfunction is manifested as a biliary- or pancreatic-type pain syndrome. At present, imaging studies are not very trustworthy for the diagnosis of this dysfunction, because of which direct endoscopic manometry offers the gold standard for confirming or ratifying the problem, supported by the Milwaukee Biliary Classification. Currently, the endoscopic approach has become the most effective alternative used for this type of diagnosis. Among the techniques may be found the following: endoscopic sphincterotomy, balloon dilation, the placing of biliary endoprostheses, and the injection of botulinic toxin in the Oddi sphincter. In our modest and short experience with six patients, of which five corresponded to group I of the Milwaukee bile classification, the above patients were treated successfully with sphincterotomy. The other two patients belonged to group type III of the Milwaukee classification, and were treated with botulinic toxin until the moment of a satisfactory response, for a period of 8 months.


Subject(s)
Common Bile Duct Diseases/surgery , Sphincter of Oddi , Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic , Adult , Anti-Dyskinesia Agents/administration & dosage , Botulinum Toxins/administration & dosage , Common Bile Duct Diseases/diagnosis , Common Bile Duct Diseases/therapy , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Time Factors
10.
Rev Gastroenterol Mex ; 63(2): 77-81, 1998.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10068732

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the treatment of choice for patients with symptomatic gallstones. The management of choledocholithiasis in these patients remains controversial. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with ductal stone clearance prior to laparoscopic cholecystectomy is one of the options. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of ERCP prior to laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with suspected ductal stones. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study from patients who underwent ERCP prior to laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a four years period. RESULTS: ERCP was successful in 86 out of 88 patients (97.7%). Common bile duct (CBD) stones were found in 34 patients (39.5%). Sixty two of 86 patients had symptomatic gallstones with abnormal liver function test and/or ultrasound. CBD stones were found in 25 of the 62 symptomatic patients (40.3%). Twenty four patients had acute biliary pancreatitis. CBD stones were found in nine of these patients (37.5%). All patients with CBD stones underwent stone extraction after endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES). Sixteen other patients underwent ES for suspected obstruction at the ampulla. Stone extraction was successful in 100% of patients. There were six patients with complications (6.9%). Four patients had pancreatitis (4.6%), one patient hemorrhage (1.1%) and one patient cholangitis (1.1%). Analysis using logistic regression model showed that CBD stones on ultrasonography was the only variable significantly associated with choledocholithiasis (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative ERCP is useful in the management of CBD stones prior to laparoscopic cholecystectomy.


Subject(s)
Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde , Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic , Gallstones/diagnosis , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Gallstones/diagnostic imaging , Gallstones/surgery , Humans , Liver Function Tests , Logistic Models , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic
13.
Educ Med Salud ; 12(4): 361-91, 1978.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-738195

ABSTRACT

The experiences of the programs of Supervised Professional Practice and for Rural Oral Health Promoters conducted by the School of Dentistry of San Carlos University in Guatemala are described. The first of these programs was designed to have students practice the profession during an eight-month academic period in hinterland towns under periodical supervision by their professors, and the second resulted as an unexpected offshoot during the initial stages of the program of Supervised Professional Practice in a northwestern district of Guatemala. The history and progress of both programs are described, some results are presented, and the salient features of university-community interaction, as exemplified by these programs, are discussed in terms of a theoretical model designed by one of the authors.


Subject(s)
Community Dentistry/standards , Oral Health , Public Health Dentistry/standards , Rural Population , Education, Dental , Guatemala , Health Education, Dental , Humans , National Health Programs
15.
Revista del Ateneo Argentino de Odontología;40(1): 14-19,
in Spanish | URUGUAIODONTO | ID: odn-15920
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