ABSTRACT
The article summarizes data about the structural and functional organization of the sensory ganglion of V cranial nerve - trigeminal, or Gassesrian, ganglion. Information about its discovery, embryonic development, anatomy and topography, features of cyto- and histoarchitectonics are given, the role of neurotransmitters of trigeminal ganglion neurons in nociception mechanisms is reflected, the functional significance of the trigeminal system and clinical aspects of the lesion of the Gasserian ganglion are described.
Subject(s)
Trigeminal Ganglion , Trigeminal Neuralgia , Humans , Trigeminal Ganglion/pathologyABSTRACT
The article provides an overview of foreign and domestic studies on the anatomy of the medial wall of the orbit. Possible structural variants of the osseus structures of the medial wall and their applied clinical significance are indicated, including those having individual occurrence: additional lacrimal bone, morphological features of the structure of the fossa of the lacrimal sac, location, shape and size of the cells of the ethmoid bone, Onody cells, Haller infraorbital cell, the relative position of the anterior and posterior ethmoid foramina, the presence of additional ethmoid foramina, dysgenesis of the lacrimal bone and the orbital plate of the ethmoid bone. The anatomical prerequisites for the occurrence of intraoperative complications with surgical access to the medial wall of the orbit are described.
Subject(s)
Nasolacrimal Duct , Orbit , Ethmoid Bone/diagnostic imaging , Ethmoid Bone/surgery , Humans , Intraoperative Complications , Orbit/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
The authors of this study discovered in annals of history the "Oath" of the Portuguese physician Amatus Lusitanus (1511-1568) and translated it into Russian for the first time. The mentioned historical document represents a sort of Code of Honor of European physician of XVI century that both took in ethical norms of Hippocrates and determined one's own rules of doctoring. The ethical principles of Amatus are akin Hippocrates' ones and they are in parallel on seven positions. However, the "Oath" of A. Lusitanus also includes other aspects of medical ethics that are completely organic to the very personality of author and distinguish themselves by courage and novelty for its time. To mention reward of physician for one's labor, difficulties and hardships falling on representatives of medical profession, theme of glorification and exaltation of physician and and medical tolerance. Amatus Lusitanus can be considered as a precursor of initiation of tolerance in European medical ethics that he anticipated with his "Oath".
Subject(s)
Medicine , Physicians , Ethics, Medical , Humans , Morals , RussiaABSTRACT
The article presents in detail the history of the discovery of the trigeminal ganglion in the context to name it Gasserian ganglion. The historical, formal and logical methods of research, along with system analysis were used in the work. An in-depth research of little-known literature sources, which included scientific, publicistic and fiction components, was conducted. The authors for the first time translated into Russian the IV Chapter of Antonius Hirsch's dissertation 'Paris quinti nervorum encephali disquisition anatomica'. This researcher presented the anatomical views of the leading scientists of the time, and their own data on the mechanical properties, features of the topography and preparation of the trigeminal ganglion. The analysis of the literature allowed clearly following the chronology of the discovery of Gasserian ganglion, highlighting the most significant facts of the biography of scientists and recreating the history of anatomy in this area.
Subject(s)
Trigeminal Ganglion , Trigeminal Neuralgia , Humans , RussiaABSTRACT
The article outlines the chronology of the discovery of the bulbourethral glands. Their first image appeared in 1600 in a collection of anatomical tables by Italian anatomist Hieronymus Fabricius of Acquapendente. In the scientific literature, they were first mentioned in one of the editions of "Journal des scavans" in 1684 as discovered by the French surgeon Jean Mry. The first detailed description of the structure, topography and function of these glands was presented in the work of English physician and anatomist William Cowper in 1699.
Subject(s)
Bulbourethral Glands/anatomy & histology , Bulbourethral Glands/metabolism , Animals , History, 17th Century , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
This article describes the eponymous terms in anatomical nomenclature of the cerebral arteries. There are historical references revealing the etymology of described eponyms, including information about the professional and personal life of doctors and scientists who had first discovered or described particular structure of the cerebral arterial network. Chronology of the discovery of the cerebral arterial circle is described in details. It is shown that some eponymous terms contain the names of several doctors who studied a particular medical issue simultaneously, which is a reflection of the stages of the medical science development and the evidence of the continuity of scientific knowledge.