ABSTRACT
It is not well known how the formation of styrene by microorganisms can occur in foods. In this study, we described and characterized the production of styrene by a yeast isolated from chikuwa fish paste. The styrene was not detected in fresh and normal food products nor in the food package's plastic film. The food containing styrene contained cinnamic acid as an antimicrobial agent and spice, and it was contaminated by 5.4 x 10(6) CFU of a yeast per gram. On the basis of morphological and biochemical features, the yeast isolated was determined to be a strain of Pichia carsonii, now designated strain CHI. Strain CHI, which was able to grow on cinnamic acid, had the ability to form styrene from trans-cinnamic acid via trans-p-coumaric and caffeic acids. The MIC of trans-cinnamic acid against strain CHI was 230 micrograms/ml. Strain CHI thrived well at pH 5.0 and 26.0 degrees C and was tolerant to 20% NaCl. Styrene was subsequently produced in ground fish meat containing cinnamic acid into which strain CHI had been inoculated. The yeast was found to be an environmental contaminant in food processing plants of the chikuwa manufacturer.
Subject(s)
Cinnamates/metabolism , Fish Products/microbiology , Food Microbiology , Pichia/metabolism , Styrenes/metabolism , Biodegradation, Environmental , Cinnamates/pharmacology , Fish Products/analysis , Food Additives/metabolism , Food Additives/pharmacology , Food Handling , Odorants , Petroleum , Pichia/isolation & purification , StyreneSubject(s)
Chymotrypsin/antagonists & inhibitors , Kallikreins/antagonists & inhibitors , Protease Inhibitors/pharmacology , Amino Acid Sequence , Animals , Drug Design , Kinetics , Molecular Sequence Data , Protease Inhibitors/chemical synthesis , Protein Conformation , Structure-Activity Relationship , SwineABSTRACT
The mixed passive hemagglutination (MPHA) test was used for the first time in an attempt to diagnose human pulmonary dirofilariasis in a comparison with the results of ELISA. Eight of nine patients tested with the MPHA test were positive and one was false-positive; these results coincided exactly with those of ELISA. Qualitative agreement between the MPHA test and ELISA was 90.4% of 374 human sera. The present study indicates that the MPHA test seems to be a promising diagnostic tool for human pulmonary dirofilariasis.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Helminth/analysis , Dirofilaria immitis/immunology , Dirofilariasis/diagnosis , Filarioidea/immunology , Hemagglutination Tests , Lung Diseases, Parasitic/diagnosis , Adult , Aged , Animals , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , False Positive Reactions , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Predictive Value of TestsABSTRACT
The effects of dilazep on blood fibrinolytic system were studied in ex vivo experiment. Fibrinolytic activity in plasma was determined by the fibrin plate method at designed times after the administration of dilazep in guinea pigs, rabbits and mongrel dogs. In guinea pigs, fibrinolytic activity of euglobulin (plasminogen activator level, 1.10+/-0.08 CU/ml in control animals) rose to 1.53+/-0.24, 1.92+/-0.13 and 2.35+/-0.15 CU/ml 2 h after the p.o. administration of 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg of dilazep, respectively. Plasminogen levels in euglobulin were unchanged, however, plasmin inhibitory activities were lowered following the increase of plasminogen activator levels. About 2-fold increase of plasminogen activator level was also observed in rabbits 60 min after the p.o. administration of 300 mg/kg dilazep and returned to the initial level (0.054 CU/ml) within 3 h after the administration. A rapid increase of plasminogen activator level was observed in a case of the i.v. administration of dilazep into rabbits and mongrel dogs. In in vitro experiment, dilazep added to whole blood or plasma of guinea pigs ranging 0.1 to 1000 microgram/ml did not reveal any effects on plasminogen activator level or plasmin inhibitory activity in plasma.
Subject(s)
Azepines/pharmacology , Dilazep/pharmacology , Fibrinolysis/drug effects , Animals , Dextran Sulfate , Dextrans/pharmacology , Dipyridamole/pharmacology , Dogs , Guinea Pigs , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , In Vitro Techniques , Male , Plasminogen Activators/metabolism , Time FactorsABSTRACT
2-Deoxy-4-N-glycyl-6-O-(alpha-nebrosaminyl)fortamine (21) and 3-de-O-methyl-2-deoxy-4-N-glycyl-6-O-(alpha-nebrosaminyl)fortamine (27) were prepared starting from lividamine. The syntheses include four key steps, that is, transformation of 2-deoxystreptamine moiety of lividamine to 4-N,3-O-didemethyl-2-deoxyfortamine, selective 4-N-methylation of the new aminocyclitol moiety, selective attachment of a glycyl residue to the methylamino group at C-4 and selective amination at C-6'.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemical synthesis , Bacteria/drug effects , Aminoglycosides/chemical synthesis , Aminoglycosides/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Chemical Phenomena , Chemistry , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Molecular ConformationABSTRACT
A novel series of 1-aryl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indazole-5-carboxylic acids and 2-aryl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-indazole-5-carboxylic acids were synthesized via condensation between a phenylhydrazine and a 2-(hydroxymethylene)cyclohexanone-4-carboxylate, and the antiinflammatory activity was determined. In the carrageenan edema test, 1-aryl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indazole-5-carboxylic acids exhibited fairly high antiinflammatory activity. However, the 2-aryl isomers were far less active than the former. The most active compound of the series was 1-phenyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indazole-5-carboxylic acid, which had an ED50 value of 3.5 mg/kg.