ABSTRACT
Diethylstilbestrol (DES) is metabolized to reactive intermediates that produce DNA adducts and ultimately cancer. Diallyl sulfide (DAS) has been shown to inhibit the metabolism of several procarcinogens. The ability of DES to produce DNA adducts in microsomal, mitochondrial, and nuclear in vitro metabolic systems and in the breast of female ACI rats, as well as ability of DAS to inhibit DNA adducts were investigated. Microsomes, mitochondria, and nuclei isolated from breast tissue of female ACI rats were used to catalyze oxidation reactions. Female ACI rats were treated i.p. as follows: (1) corn oil, (2) 200mg/kg DES, (3) 200mg/kg DES/200mg/kg of DAS, (4) 200mg/kg DES/400mg/kg DAS. DES produced DNA adducts in each metabolic system. The relative adduct levels were 2.1 x 10(-4), 6.2 x 10(-6), and 2.9 x 10(-7) in microsomal, mitochondrial, and nuclear reactions, respectively. DAS inhibited DNA adducts in each metabolic system. The percent inhibition ranged from 86% in microsomes to 93% in nuclei. DES produced DNA adducts in mtDNA and nDNA. DAS completely inhibited the DES-induced mtDNA adducts and caused a dose dependent decrease in nDNA adduct formation. These findings suggest that DAS could inhibit DES-induced breast cancer by inhibiting its metabolism.
Subject(s)
Allyl Compounds/pharmacology , Carcinogens/antagonists & inhibitors , DNA Adducts/drug effects , Diethylstilbestrol/antagonists & inhibitors , Mammary Glands, Animal/metabolism , Sulfides/pharmacology , Animals , Autoradiography , Carcinogens/pharmacology , Cell Nucleus/drug effects , Cell Nucleus/metabolism , DNA/biosynthesis , DNA/isolation & purification , Diethylstilbestrol/pharmacology , Estrogens/metabolism , Female , Guanosine Monophosphate/biosynthesis , Mammary Glands, Animal/drug effects , Microsomes/drug effects , Microsomes/metabolism , Oxidation-Reduction , RatsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To examine the effect of proton beam irradiation on subfoveal choroidal neovascular membranes (CNVM) associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD).Randomized, prospective, sham-controlled, double-masked treatment trial. METHODS: Thirty-seven subjects with subfoveal CNVM due to AMD were randomly assigned to 16-Gy proton irradiation delivered in two fractions 24 hours apart or to sham control treatment. Recruitment was halted at 37 subjects for ethical reasons regarding randomization to sham treatment when Food and Drug Administration approval of Visudyne was anticipated. RESULTS: Proton irradiation was associated with a trend toward stabilization of visual acuity, but this association did not reach statistical significance. No correlations were found within the fluorescein angiography data, including greatest linear dimension of CNVM total size, area of active leakage, area of associated subretinal hemorrhage, and intensity. CONCLUSIONS: With the acceptance of photodynamic therapy, future studies will require more complex design and larger sample size to determine whether radiation can play either a primary or adjunctive role in treating these lesions.