Perceived intravaginal ejaculation latency time: The diagnosis of premature ejaculation among Vietnamese men.

INTRODUCTION: Premature ejaculation (PE) is a prevalent sexual dysfunction in men that greatly affects their quality of life. In PE, the duration of sexual performance is considered an important aspect. However, a self-estimated value of intravaginal ejaculation latency time (perceived IELT, PIELT) as a criterion for diagnosis has not been specified. AIM: This study aimed to determine the validity and a threshold value for PIELT in PE diagnosis. METHOD: In our cross-sectional study, we recruited 550 men from March 2019 to January 2020 and interviewed them regarding their general demographic characteristics, sexual habits, PIELT and completed a premature ejaculation diagnostic tool (PEDT) questionnaire. Eventually, a combination of a clinical diagnosis and PEDT score was used, in which those with PEDT ≥ 11 and diagnosed with possible PE were assigned to the final PE(+) group; those with PEDT score ≤ 8 and diagnosed with no PE were included in the final PE(-) group. RESULTS: Men PE(-) had more frequent sexual intercourse (9.74 ± 5.38 vs. 6.69 ± 5.38 episodes per month, p < 0.001) and had higher marriage rate (72.7% vs. 60.4%, p = 0.002) than PE(+) patients. No significant difference was noted regarding age, smoking habit, age of first sexual experience, and number of sexual partners between the two groups. The mean PIELT of control subjects and PE(+) patients were 11.69 ± 6.83 min and 2.01 ± 1.21 min, respectively. On receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the cut-off value of PIELT of 3.75 min can be used to distinguish PE men (area under the curve = 0.982, sensitivity/specificity = 0.961/0.909), which means that men with a PIELT ≤ 3.5 min is suggestive of PE. CONCLUSION: The impact of PE is dramatic both from a social and a personal perspective. PE(+) patients married significantly less and have significantly lower sexual activity compared to a PE(-) population. Furthermore, a PIELT of ≤ 3.5 min predicts PE demonstrating the need to revise its taxonomy and definition.

Testosterone and aging male, a perspective from a developing country.

PURPOSE: Hypogonadism is associated with a wide range of physical and psychological symptoms that can affect the overall health of men. However, in a developing country, there are several imposing challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of hypogonadism, including a lack of awareness and understanding of the condition among healthcare providers and patients, limited resources and the high cost of treatment. This review aimed to examine the potential benefits and risks of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) and provides a perspective of a developing country on the topic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comprehensive literature review was conducted to gather relevant information on the impact of testosterone deficiency on ageing males and the effectiveness of TRT for treating hypogonadism. Published peer-reviewed articles were analyzed to evaluate the benefits and risks of TRT. Additionally, the unique challenges faced in the diagnosis and treatment of hypogonadism in a developing country were considered. RESULTS: Testosterone replacement therapy has been shown to be an effective treatment for hypogonadism, particularly in symptomatic men with low testosterone levels. It offers potential benefits such as improvements in symptoms and overall quality of life. However, there are associated risks and side effects that need to be considered. In a developing country, challenges such as limited awareness and understanding of hypogonadism, resource constraints, and high treatment costs pose additional barriers to accessing TRT and comprehensive care. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, TRT holds promise as a treatment for hypogonadism, but its implementation and accessibility face significant challenges in a developing country. Addressing these challenges, including raising awareness, allocating resources, and finding cost-effective solutions, is crucial for ensuring that men with hypogonadism in such settings receive appropriate diagnosis and treatment. Further research and efforts are needed to improve the management of hypogonadism in developing countries and optimize the potential benefits of TRT for affected individuals.

Negative out-of-plane Poisson's ratio of bilayer graphane.

With its excellent mechanical and thermal properties, bilayer graphane is a promising material for realizing future nanoelectromechanical systems. In this study, we focus on the auxetic behavior of bilayer graphane under external loading along various directions through atomistic simulations. We numerically and theoretically reveal the mechanism of the auxeticity in terms of intrinsic interactions between carbon atoms by constructing bilayer graphane. Given that the origin of the auxeticity is intrinsic rather than extrinsic, the work provides a novel technique to control the dimensions of nanoscale bilayer graphane by simply changing the external conditions without the requirement of complex structural design of the material.

Ultrasonic testicular size of 24,440 adult Vietnamese men and the correlation with age and hormonal profiles.

Testicular size is an important parameter to investigate male reproductive and sexual functions. However, diagnosis and treatments are hindered by the lack of country-specific standard values for testicular volume. We conducted the present retrospective chart review study on 24,440 men who sought consultation at Andrology and Sexual Medicine-Hanoi Medical University Hospital to provide a reference range of testicular volume and to determine the correlations between testicular volume, age and hormonal profiles. These men were classified into groups being healthy fathers, hypogonadal men, unexplained infertile men, men with unknown fertility, testicular pathologies and other andrological condition groups. Hypogonadal men and unexplained infertile men had significantly smaller testicular sizes compared with healthy fathers. The mean value of testicular volume of healthy subjects was 13.64 ± 3.44 ml (left testis: 13.94 ± 3.72 ml; right testis: 13.34 ± 3.61 ml; p < 0.001). Testicular size of Vietnamese men was negatively correlated with LH and FSH (Rho = -0.16 and -0.33, p < 0.001) and positively correlated with testosterone after adjusting for confounding factors. Testicular volume was independent of the subject's age and smoking habits.

Data from 14,597 penile measurements of vietnamese men.

BACKGROUND: Penis size is a highly sensitive topic, which has often raised concerns associated with human masculinity and male sexual health. Although data regarding penile dimensions have been published worldwide, little is known about these measurements in South-East Asian countries. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to provide the reference range in penile length, circumference, and diameter of Vietnamese men and their variations among men with erectile dysfunction and other diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Information about flaccid length, stretched length, mid-shaft circumference, and glans diameter from the health records of 14,597 men attending the Andrology Consultation was collected. These men were classified into three groups being regular reproductive health screening group, sexual dysfunction group, and other disease groups. RESULTS: We found that penile dimensions follow a non-parametric distribution, as tested by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The median values are 9.03 cm for flaccid length, 14.67 cm for stretched length, 8.39 cm for mid-shaft circumference, and 2.86 cm for unaroused glans diameter. Length and girth of the penis also changed among the different groups, especially in flaccid state; specifically, men with erectile dysfunction had a greater value in all penile dimensions except for change ratio compared with other groups. Circumcision, which rarely occurs in Vietnam, was associated with a 2 mm reduced penis length. DISCUSSION: Findings on correlations between penile dimensions and somatometric parameters from previous studies are questionable and some measurements, such as glans dimension, have not been thoroughly investigated so far. Nevertheless, penile dimensions provide useful insight concerning conditions affecting sexual development and might be a valuable parameter in the assessment of erectile dysfunction. CONCLUSION: Results of this study provide informative materials for the assessment of penile size, including reference values drawn from a large sample of Vietnamese men that can be useful in clinical practice and sexual health education.