Eco-friendly one-step egg white gel preparation for sensitive detection of 13 trichothecenes in oats using UHPLC-MS/MS.

Oat products have gained widespread recognition as a health food due to their rich and balanced nutritional profile and convenience. However, the unique matrix composition of oats, which differs significantly from other cereals, presents specific challenges for mycotoxin analysis. This study presents an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method enhanced with an innovative egg white gel pretreatment for the simultaneous analysis of 13 regulated and unregulated trichothecenes in oats. The method demonstrated excellent performance with high accuracy (> 87.5%), repeatability (< 5.7%), and reproducibility (< 8.1%). Analysis of 100 commercial oat products revealed a concerning detection rate (78%) for at least one of the 11 trichothecenes investigated. Notably, deoxynivalenol, exceeding the standard limit in 2% of samples, exhibited the highest detection rate (62%). Additionally, concerning co-occurrence patterns and positive correlations were observed, highlighting potential synergistic effects. The first-time detection of unregulated mycotoxins (T-2 triol, 4,15-diacetoxyscirpenol, 15-acetoxyscirpenol, and neosolaniol) underscores the need for comprehensive monitoring. This method, while developed for oats, shows potential for broader application to other cereals, though further investigation and confirmation are necessary. These findings suggest a potentially underestimated risk of trichothecenes in oats, necessitating continuous monitoring to ensure consumer safety.

A Light-Powered In Vitro Synthetic Enzymatic Biosystem for the Synthesis of 3-Hydroxypropionic Acid via CO2 Fixation.

3-Hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) is a highly sought-after platform chemical serving as a precursor to a variety of high value-added chemical products. In this study, we designed and constructed a novel light-powered in vitro synthetic enzymatic biosystem comprising acetyl-CoA ligase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, malonyl-CoA reductase, and phosphotransferase to efficiently produce 3-HP through CO2 fixation from acetate, a cost-effective and readily available substrate. The system employed natural thylakoid membranes (TMs) for the regeneration of adenosine triphosphate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Comprehensive investigations were conducted on the effects of buffer solutions, substrate concentrations, enzyme loading levels, and TMs loading levels to optimize the yield of 3-HP. Following optimization, a production of 0.46 mM 3-HP was achieved within 6 h from an initial 0.5 mM acetate, with a yield nearing 92%. This work underscores the simplicity of 3-HP production via an in vitro biomanufacturing platform and highlights the potential for incorporating TMs as a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach in biomanufacturing processes.

Association between spectrum of mycotoxins and semen quality: A cross-sectional study in Beijing, China.

Exposure to mycotoxins is unavoidable in daily life through ingestion, dermal, and inhalation routes. Toxicological studies found that exposure to mycotoxins might affect male reproductive function. However, there is still a lack of population evidence. We aimed to assess the association of individual and joint exposure to spectrum of mycotoxins with semen quality. The present study included 192 participants in Beijing, China. We measured conventional semen parameters and assessed semen quality. Sixty-seven traditional or emerging mycotoxins were determined to describe the spectrum of mycotoxins. The participants were widely exposed to multiple mycotoxins, and nearly half were simultaneously exposed to more than six mycotoxins. After adjusting potential confounders, logistic regression indicated that the number and concentration of plasma mycotoxin were correlated to the risk of low semen quality. Plasma beauvericin and citrinin concentrations were associated with lower semen quality. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression showed similar results to logistic regression. Quantile-based g-computation and Bayesian kernel machine regression models found that the mixture of mycotoxins was harmful to semen quality, especially in sperm motility. In conclusion, both individual and mixture of mycotoxin exposure were correlated with lower semen quality. More regulations and measures should be taken to reduce mycotoxin contamination.

High-Coverage UHPLC-MS/MS Analysis of 67 Mycotoxins in Plasma for Male Infertility Exposure Studies.

Mycotoxins are a class of exogenous metabolites that are major contributors to foodborne diseases and pose a potential threat to human health. However, little attention has been paid to trace mycotoxin co-exposure situations in vivo. To address this, we devised a novel analytical strategy, both highly sensitive and comprehensive, for quantifying 67 mycotoxins in human plasma samples. This method employs isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) for approximately 40% of the analytes and utilizes internal standard quantification for the rest. The mycotoxins were classified into three categories according to their physicochemical properties, facilitating the optimization of extraction and detection parameters to improve analytical performance. The lowest limits of detection and quantitation were 0.001-0.5 µg/L and 0.002-1 µg/L, respectively, the intra-day precision ranged from 1.8% to 11.9% RSD, and the intra-day trueness ranged from 82.7-116.6% for all mycotoxins except Ecl, DH-LYS, PCA, and EnA (66.4-129.8%), showing good analytical performance of the method for biomonitoring. A total of 40 mycotoxins (including 24 emerging mycotoxins) were detected in 184 plasma samples (89 from infertile males and 95 from healthy males) using the proposed method, emphasizing the widespread exposure of humans to both traditional and emerging mycotoxins. The most frequently detected mycotoxins were ochratoxin A, ochratoxin B, enniatin B, and citrinin. The incidence of exposure to multiple mycotoxins was significantly higher in infertile males than in healthy subjects, particularly levels of ochratoxin A, ochratoxin B, and citrinin, which were significantly increased. It is necessary to carry out more extensive biological monitoring to provide data support for further study of the relationship between mycotoxins and male infertility.

Preparation and Application of Volatilized Wormwood Essence Derived Naturally into Green Insecticide.

Naturally occurring substances and their derivatives function as vital resources for pesticides that can be used in fields, such as insecticide production and fungicide development. As a botanical entity displaying multifaceted biological functions, wormwood has received thorough scrutiny across multiple sectors. The insect repellency potency combined with antibacterial and antifungal activities of wormwood position it as a potential candidate for prospective development into eco-friendly chemical pesticides. In this research, Wormwood essential oil was procured via ethanol water under ultrasonic scenarios and subsequently diluted with PEG 400 to formulate green chemical pesticides. The defensive efficacy of this green pesticide on plants was validated through 2 weeks of clustered plant growth experiments. Active constituents that exerted their effects were scrutinized by GC-MS. Furthermore, this green pesticide also displays efficacious effects on the prevention and management of aphids, exhibiting a dose-dependent relationship. 4-terpenol, eucalyptol, carvacrol, and L-borneol were identified by GC-MS as the predominant active constituents in this green chemical pesticide. Wormwood can be leveraged to develop green chemical pesticides, which can protect plants without contaminating the environment.

Enhancing Machine-Learning Prediction of Enzyme Catalytic Temperature Optima through Amino Acid Conservation Analysis.

Enzymes play a crucial role in various industrial production and pharmaceutical developments, serving as catalysts for numerous biochemical reactions. Determining the optimal catalytic temperature (Topt) of enzymes is crucial for optimizing reaction conditions, enhancing catalytic efficiency, and accelerating the industrial processes. However, due to the limited availability of experimentally determined Topt data and the insufficient accuracy of existing computational methods in predicting Topt, there is an urgent need for a computational approach to predict the Topt values of enzymes accurately. In this study, using phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.X) as an example, we constructed a machine learning model utilizing amino acid frequency and protein molecular weight information as features and employing the K-nearest neighbors regression algorithm to predict the Topt of enzymes. Usually, when conducting engineering for enzyme thermostability, researchers tend not to modify conserved amino acids. Therefore, we utilized this machine learning model to predict the Topt of phosphatase sequences after removing conserved amino acids. We found that the predictive model's mean coefficient of determination (R2) value increased from 0.599 to 0.755 compared to the model based on the complete sequences. Subsequently, experimental validation on 10 phosphatase enzymes with undetermined optimal catalytic temperatures shows that the predicted values of most phosphatase enzymes based on the sequence without conservative amino acids are closer to the experimental optimal catalytic temperature values. This study lays the foundation for the rapid selection of enzymes suitable for industrial conditions.

Restricted-Access Media Column Switching Online Solid-Phase Extraction UHPLC-MS/MS for the Determination of Seven Type B Trichothecenes in Whole-Grain Preprocessed Foods and Human Exposure Risk Assessment.

With increasing health awareness and the accelerating pace of life, whole-grain prepared foods have gained popularity due to their health benefits and convenience. However, the potential risk of type B trichothecene toxins has also increased, and these mycotoxins in such foods are rarely regulated. In this study, a quantitative method combining a single-valve dual-column automatic online solid-phase extraction system with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was developed for the first time using restricted-access media columns. This method can simultaneously determine trace residues of seven type B trichothecenes within 15 min. The method is convenient, sensitive (limit of detection and quantification of 0.05-0.6 µg/kg and 0.15-2 µg/kg, respectively), accurate (recovery rates of 90.3%-106.6%, relative standard deviation < 4.3%), and robust (>1000 times). The established method was applied to 160 prepared food samples of eight categories sold in China. At least one toxin was detected in 70% of the samples. Whole-wheat dumpling wrappers had the highest contamination rate (95%) and the highest total content of type B trichothecenes in a single sample (2077.3 µg/kg). Exposure risk assessment indicated that the contamination of whole-grain prepared foods has been underestimated. The total health risk index of whole-wheat dumpling wrappers, which are susceptible to deoxynivalenol, reached 136.41%, posing a significant threat to human health. Effective measures urgently need to be taken to control this risk.

[Construction of the Whole Process Management Model of Hospice and Palliative Care Outpatient Clinic].

Objective To construct a scientific and practical management model of the hospice and palliative care outpatient clinic and provide a reference for the operation and development of the outpatient clinic. Methods The basic framework of the whole process management model of hospice and palliative care outpatient clinic was determined preliminarily by literature analysis,qualitative interviews and experts group meetings.Two rounds of consultation were conducted among 18 experts in hospice and palliative care and medical-nursing combined outpatient service by the Delphi method. Results The questionnaire response rates of the two rounds of expert consultation were both 100% and the authority coefficients of the two rounds of expert consultation were 0.88 and 0.91,respectively.Finally,the whole process management model of hospice and palliative care outpatient clinic was constructed,which was composed of three first-level indicators including staff composition,work structure and effect evaluation,5 second-level indicators and 62 third-level indicators. Conclusion The constructed whole process management model is scientific,innovative and continuous,which can provide a reference for the operation and development of the hospice and palliative care outpatient clinic.

ATP-free in vitro biotransformation of starch-derived maltodextrin into poly-3-hydroxybutyrate via acetyl-CoA.

In vitro biotransformation (ivBT) facilitated by in vitro synthetic enzymatic biosystems (ivSEBs) has emerged as a highly promising biosynthetic platform. Several ivSEBs have been constructed to produce poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) via acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA). However, some systems are hindered by their reliance on costly ATP, limiting their practicality. This study presents the design of an ATP-free ivSEB for one-pot PHB biosynthesis via acetyl-CoA utilizing starch-derived maltodextrin as the sole substrate. Stoichiometric analysis indicates this ivSEB can self-maintain NADP+/NADPH balance and achieve a theoretical molar yield of 133.3%. Leveraging simple one-pot reactions, our ivSEBs achieved a near-theoretical molar yield of 125.5%, the highest PHB titer (208.3 mM, approximately 17.9 g/L) and the fastest PHB production rate (9.4 mM/h, approximately 0.8 g/L/h) among all the reported ivSEBs to date, and demonstrated easy scalability. This study unveils the promising potential of ivBT for the industrial-scale production of PHB and other acetyl-CoA-derived chemicals from starch.

Carbon Dot-Based Photo-Cross-Linked Gelatin Methacryloyl Hydrogel Enables Dental Pulp Regeneration: A Preliminary Study.

An essential factor in tooth nutritional deficits and aberrant root growth is pulp necrosis. Removing inflammatory or necrotic pulp tissue and replacing it with an inert material are the most widely used therapeutic concepts of endodontic treatment. However, pulp loss can lead to discoloration, increased fracture risk, and the reinfection of the damaged tooth. It is now anticipated that the pulp-dentin complex will regenerate through a variety of application methods based on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSC). In order to create a photo-cross-linked gelatinized methacrylate hydrogel, GelMA/EUO-CDs-E (ECE), that is biodegradable and injectable for application, we created a novel nanoassembly of ECE based on eucommia carbon dots (EUO-CDs) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). We then loaded it onto gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel. We have evaluated the material and examined its in vivo and in vitro angiogenesis-promoting potential as well as its dentin differentiation-enabling characteristics. The outcomes of the experiment demonstrated that GelMA/ECE was favorable to cell proliferation and enhanced hDPSC's capacity for angiogenesis and dentin differentiation. The regeneration of vascular-rich pulp-like tissues was found to occur in vivo when hDPSC-containing GelMA/ECE was injected into cleaned human root segments (RS) for subcutaneous implantation in nude mice. This suggests that the injectable bioscaffold is appropriate for clinical use in pulp regenerative medicine.

[Clinicians' Practice and Opinions on Sedation Therapy in End-Stage Patients].

Objective To investigate clinicians' practice and opinions on sedation therapy in end-stage patients at Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Methods From August,2022 to April,2023,an online questionnaire survey was conducted among clinicians involved in end-stage patient management. Results A total of 205 questionnaires were distributed,with an effective response rate of 56.1%.Among the clinicians,55.7% of them had experience of applying sedation therapy in end-stage patients;85.2% of clinicians believed that sedation could relieve the suffering of terminal patients from physical refractory symptoms;75.7% of clinicians considered that sedation therapy could be used to relieve agony from psycho-existential distress.Most clinicians had concerns about sedation therapy due to the lack of legal support(86.1%)and the lack of understanding of patients or families(59.1%).The majority (90.4%) of clinicians were willing to receive training on palliative sedation. Conclusions A majority of clinicians agree that sedation therapy could relieve the physical distress and psycho-existential distress in end-stage patients.However,most clinicians have concerns about the application of sedation therapy due to the lack of legal support.It is necessary to enhance the training on palliative sedation.

OPM-MEG Measuring Phase Synchronization on Source Time Series: Application in Rhythmic Median Nerve Stimulation.

The magnetoencephalogram (MEG) based on array optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) has the potential of replacing conventional cryogenic superconducting quantum interference device. Phase synchronization is a common method for measuring brain oscillations and functional connectivity. Verifying the feasibility and fidelity of OPM-MEG in measuring phase synchronization will help its widespread application in the study of aforementioned neural mechanisms. The analysis method on source-level time series can weaken the influence of instantaneous field spread effect. In this paper, the OPM-MEG was used for measuring the evoked responses of 20Hz rhythmic and arrhythmic median nerve stimulation, and the inter-trial phase synchronization (ITPS) and inter-reginal phase synchronization (IRPS) of primary somatosensory cortex (SI) and secondary somatosensory cortex (SII) were analysed. The results find that under rhythmic condition, the evoked responses of SI and SII show continuous oscillations and the effect of resetting phase. The values of ITPS and IRPS significantly increase at the stimulation frequency of 20Hz and its harmonic of 40Hz, whereas the arrhythmic stimulation does not exhibit this phenomenon. Moreover, in the initial stage of stimulation, the ITPS and IRPS values are significantly higher at Mu rhythm in the rhythmic condition compared to arrhythmic. In conclusion, the results demonstrate the ability of OPM-MEG in measuring phase pattern and functional connectivity on source-level, and may also prove beneficial for the study on the mechanism of rhythmic stimulation therapy for rehabilitation.

Antibiotic altered liver damage induced by aflatoxin B1 exposure in mice by modulating the gut microbiota.

Aflatoxins B1 (AFB1) and antibiotic (AN) carry co-exposure risks, with the gut being a target organ for their combined effects. However, the current understanding of the impact of AN on gut and liver injury induced by AFB1 remains limited. In this study, we conducted a 9-week investigation into the implications of AN (ampicillin and penicillin) treatment on AFB1-induced intestinal and liver injury in C57BL/6J male mice fed a normal diet (ND) and a high-fat diet (HFD). The results showed that AN treatment significantly reduce the total number and diversity of intestinal species in both ND and HFD mice exposed to AFB1. Moreover, AN treatment alleviated AFB1-induced liver injury and lipid accumulation in mice on ND and HFD, while improving abnormal lipid metabolism in the liver and serum. However, AN treatment also promoted intestinal damage and reduced the levels of short-chain fatty acids in the gut. Correlation analysis demonstrated that, under the two dietary patterns, microorganisms across various genera were significantly positively or negatively correlated with alterations in liver, serum, and intestinal biochemical indexes. These genera include Akkermansia, Robinsoniella, Parabacteroides, Escherichia-Shigel, and Parabacteroides, Odoribacter. AN may alleviate long-term AFB1-induced liver injury through the regulation of intestinal microorganisms, with the effect being more pronounced in mice following an HFD pattern. These findings provide novel insights into the effects of AFB1 on the gut‒liver axis under complex exposure conditions, as well as the relationship between gut microbial homeostasis and liver injury across different dietary patterns.

Performance of the 2019 ACR/EULAR Classification Criteria for IgG4-Related Disease in a Large Chinese Cohort.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this research was to ascertain the effectiveness of the newly established criteria for classifying IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD), as applied to a large Chinese cohort in real-world clinical settings. METHODS: Patient data were procured from the digital health records of 4 prominent academic hospitals. The criterion standard for identifying IgG4-RD patients was from a seasoned rheumatologist. The control group consisted of individuals with other ailments such as cancer, other forms of pancreatitis, infectious diseases, and illnesses that mimic IgG4-RD. RESULTS: A total of 605 IgG4-RD patients and 760 mimickers were available for analysis. The 2019 EULAR/ACR criteria have a sensitivity of 69.1% and a specificity of 90.9% in this large Chinese cohort. IgG4-RD had a greater proportion of males (55.89% vs 36.25%, p < 0.001), an older average age at diagnosis (54.91 ± 13.44 vs 48.91 ± 15.71, p < 0.001), more pancreatic (29.59% vs 6.12%, p < 0.001) and salivary gland (63.30% vs 27.50%, p < 0.001) involvement, and a larger number of organ involvement (3.431 ± 2.054 vs 2.062 ± 1.748, p < 0.001) compared with mimickers. CONCLUSIONS: The 2019 EULAR/ACR criteria are effective in classifying IgG4-RD in Chinese patients, demonstrating high specificity and moderate sensitivity.

Exosome-based engineering strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of oral and maxillofacial diseases.

Oral and maxillofacial diseases are one of the most prevalent diseases in the world, which not only seriously affect the health of patients' oral and maxillofacial tissues, but also bring serious economic and psychological burdens to patients. Therefore, oral and maxillofacial diseases require effective treatment. Traditional treatments have limited effects. In recent years, nature exosomes have attracted increasing attention due to their ability to diagnose and treat diseases. However, the application of nature exosomes is limited due to low yield, high impurities, lack of targeting, and high cost. Engineered exosomes can be endowed with better comprehensive therapeutic properties by modifying exosomes of parent cells or directly modifying exosomes, and biomaterial loading exosomes. Compared with natural exosomes, these engineered exosomes can achieve more effective diagnosis and treatment of oral and maxillary system diseases, and provide reference and guidance for clinical application. This paper reviews the engineering modification methods of exosomes and the application of engineered exosomes in oral and maxillofacial diseases and looks forward to future research directions.

Impact of 1,7-malaria reactive community-based testing and response (1,7-mRCTR) approach on malaria prevalence in Tanzania.

BACKGROUND: Progress in malaria control has stalled in recent years and innovative surveillance and response approaches are needed to accelerate malaria control and elimination efforts in endemic areas of Africa. Building on a previous China-UK-Tanzania pilot study on malaria control, this study aimed to assess the impact of the 1,7-malaria Reactive Community-Based Testing and Response (1,7-mRCTR) approach implemented over two years in three districts of Tanzania. METHODS: The 1,7-mRCTR approach provides community-based malaria testing via rapid diagnostic tests and treatment in villages with the highest burden of malaria incidence based on surveillance data from health facilities. We used a difference-in-differences quasi-experimental design with linear probability models and two waves of cross-sectional household surveys to assess the impact of 1,7-mRCTR on malaria prevalence. We conducted sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of our results, examined how intervention effects varied in subgroups, and explored alternative explanations for the observed results. RESULTS: Between October 2019 and September 2021, 244,771 community-based malaria rapid tests were completed in intervention areas, and each intervention village received an average of 3.85 rounds of 1-7mRCTR. Malaria prevalence declined from 27.4% at baseline to 11.7% at endline in the intervention areas and from 26.0% to 16.0% in the control areas. 1,7-mRCTR was associated with a 4.5-percentage-point decrease in malaria prevalence (95% confidence interval: - 0.067, - 0.023), equivalent to a 17% reduction from the baseline. In Rufiji, a district characterized by lower prevalence and where larviciding was additionally provided, 1,7-mRCTR was associated with a 63.9% decline in malaria prevalence. CONCLUSIONS: The 1,7-mRCTR approach reduced malaria prevalence. Despite implementation interruptions due to the COVID-19 pandemic and supply chain challenges, the study provided novel evidence on the effectiveness of community-based reactive approaches in moderate- to high-endemicity areas and demonstrated the potential of South-South cooperation in tackling global health challenges.

[Liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry analysis of 300 illegally added drugs and their analogues in functional milk powder for the elderly].

Various types of milk powder purportedly providing diverse health functions have emerged with the growth of the country's elderly population. Some manufacturers illegally add chemical drugs to their products to achieve their reported benefits, which poses a threat to consumer health. The existing standard methods are inapplicable to such complex sample matrices and require testing based on functional claims and classification. These limitations not only consume manpower and resources but also seriously impede daily regulatory efforts to detect unknown risk substances. In this study, a high-throughput method for the screening and quantitative analysis of 300 illegally added chemical drugs in functional milk powder and an identification strategy for unknown structural analogues were established using Zeno SWATH® data-independent acquisition (DIA) ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) technology combined with a QuEChERS sample purification method. The QuEChERS purification process was developed according to the characteristics of milk powder matrix. The supernatant was separated on a Kinetex F5 column (100 mm×3.0 mm, 2.6 µm) by gradient elution using 5 mmol/L ammonium formate aqueous solution (0.1% (v/v) formic acid, ) and methanol-acetonitrile (1∶1, v/v) as mobile phases. The method was validated in terms of selectivity, linearity, limits of detection and quantification (LODs and LOQs, respectively), matrix effect, accuracy, and precision. Based on a screening database for the 300 target substances, electron-activated dissociation (EAD) fragmentation was applied to obtain rich secondary MS fragmentation information, and unknown structural analogues were identified and confirmed through fragment attribution analysis. The results indicated that all compounds had good linear relationships in certain ranges with correlation coefficients >0.99. The LODs and LOQs were 0.04-2.7 and 0.2-8.0 µg/kg, respectively. The average recoveries at three spiked levels were in the range of 73.1%-125.2%, and the relative standard deviations were ≤14.8% (n=6). When the developed method was applied to detect illegally added chemicals in 60 functional milk powder samples, it detected benzoguanidine and sildenafil and successfully identified ethylphenidate, which is the structural analogue of an amphetamine. The proposed method is simple, sensitive, and accurate; thus, it may have practical application value for the daily supervision and law enforcement of milk powders with reported health functions.

A Green Bridge: Enhancing a Multi-Pesticide Test for Food by Phase-Transfer Sample Treatment Coupled with LC/MS.

The preparation and treatment of the sample has become an important part of the determination process, which directly affects the accuracy of detection. The preparation of the sample for final detection is actually a process of separation and transfer of the target to be tested from the sample matrix. The phase-transfer process of analysis and detection is the process of transferring the target substance to be measured from a complex multiphase system to a simple homogeneous system. This study shows a new phase-transfer process for food sample pretreatment in the determination of carbamate pesticides. Edible gum, xanthan gum, carrageenan, and gelatin were selected for purification testing from the perspective of eco-friendliness and safety. Phase-transfer purification process research was carried out on spinach and other foods. Compared with the commonly used QuEChERS method, the LC/MS results indicate that the straightforward carrageenan treatment process can significantly diminish the detection matrix effect and yield similarly superior detection parameters. The phase-transfer purification method with carrageenan has similar sensitivity and systematic error. The limits of detection and limits of quantitation of each pesticide compound in six plant sample substrates were 0.02-0.36 µg/kg and 0.06-1.9 µg/kg, respectively, which were lower than the residue limits here and abroad. Supplemental recoveries in six blank samples at 5, 20, and 100 µg/kg with the phase-transfer process method were better than those for the QuEChERS method. Positive determination results of actual samples using carrageenan phase-transfer purification proved that this method can be used for related detection from a practical point of view.

Synthesis of multicolor luminescent carbon dots based on carboxymethyl chitosan for cell imaging and wound healing application: In vitro and in vivo studies.

The construction of biomaterials that can facilitate wound healing is significantly challenging in the medical field, and bacterial infections increase this complexity. In this study, we selected the biomacromolecule carboxymethyl chitosan as a carbon source and citric acid as an auxiliary carbon source. We prepared carbon quantum dots with multicolor luminescence properties and higher quantum yields (QYs) using a facile one-pot hydrothermal method. We characterized them to select carbon dots (CDs) suitable for cell growth. Subsequently, their biocompatibility with L929 cells, antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus, and efficiency in promoting wound healing in vivo were investigated. Our experimental results showed that CDs at an appropriate concentration had excellent bioimaging ability, were suitable for cell growth, and accelerated the healing of infected wounds. We believe these bioactive CDs have great potential in promoting wound healing.

Physics-Informed Neural Networks Integrating Compartmental Model for Analyzing COVID-19 Transmission Dynamics.

Modelling and predicting the behaviour of infectious diseases is essential for early warning and evaluating the most effective interventions to prevent significant harm. Compartmental models produce a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) that are renowned for simulating the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases. However, the parameters in compartmental models are often unknown, and they can even change over time in the real world, making them difficult to determine. This study proposes an advanced artificial intelligence approach based on physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) to estimate time-varying parameters from given data for the compartmental model. Our proposed PINNs method captures the complex dynamics of COVID-19 by integrating a modified Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered-Death (SEIRD) compartmental model with deep neural networks. Specifically, we modelled the system of ODEs as one network and the time-varying parameters as another network to address significant unknown parameters and limited data. Such structure of the PINNs method is in line with the prior epidemiological correlations and comprises the mismatch between available data and network output and the residual of ODEs. The experimental findings on real-world reported data data have demonstrated that our method robustly and accurately learns the dynamics and forecasts future states. Moreover, as more data becomes available, our proposed PINNs method can be successfully extended to other regions and infectious diseases.