A new and highly efficient source of t-resveratrol: Cephalaria Syriaca (L.) Roem. & Schult.

Recently, interest in bioactive plant compounds has increased due to their properties in preventing and treating diseases like cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, caffeic acid and t-resveratrol were extracted from Cephalaria syriaca seeds using ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) and supercritical carbon dioxide (Sc-CO2) extraction methods. Independent variables were temperature (40, 60, 80 °C), pressure (130, 215, and 300 bar), and co-solvent ratio (ethanol v/v (3.0, 6.5, 10.0%)) were selected. While extraction process conditions were optimized using response surface methodology, polyphenols were determined by an HPLC system. As a result of the Sc-CO2 experimental studies, maximum caffeic acid (88.75 ± 1.71 µg/g dw) was obtained at 80 °C, 130 bar, and 10% ethanol conditions and maximum t-resveratrol (2949.45 ± 51.78 µg/g dw) was obtained at 60 °C, 130 bar, and 6.5% ethanol conditions. The results of the UAE method were found to be 76.21 ± 2.40 µg/g dw caffeic acid and 4629 ± 123.2 µg/g dw t-resveratrol.

A Novel Naphthylidene-diimine Chemosensor for Selective Colorimetric and Fluorometric Detection of Al3+ and CN- Ions.

A naphthylidene-diimine L2 was newly designed, and its structure was identified by elemental analysis and spectroscopic methods. The effect of temperature, acid-base and light on enol-keto tautomerism in this Schiff base was evaluated by colorimetry, UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Under irradiation 365 nm, L2 emitted yellow, orange and strong green emission in pure, basic and aqueous DMSO media (v/v, 1/1), respectively. Its ionochromic behavior against various cations (Fe3+, Al3+, Cr3+, Cu2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Ba2+ and Ag+) and anions (F-, Cl-, CH3COO-, SO32-, S2O32-, HSO4-, H2PO4-, NO3-, CN-, and OH-) was investigated in aqueous DMSO media (v/v, 1/1) by UV-Vis and fluorescence experiments. Dark yellow color of L2 changed to colorless for Fe3+, Cr3+ and HSO4- ions, and turned to light yellow for Al3+ and Cu2+ ions, and to orange for CN- and OH- ions. According to UV-Vis data, the chemosensor displayed selective recognition towards Fe3+, Al3+, Cu2+, HSO4-, CN- and OH- with a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio. At the excitation wavelength of 365 nm, L2 gave strong yellowish white emission (λem = 445 and 539 nm) in the presence of Al3+, and the intensity increased about 12.5 times. On the other hand, the chemosensor displayed one emission band at 452 nm and 450 nm in the presence of CN- and OH- with 1.9 fold and 2.3 fold fluorescence enhancement, respectively.

Berberis Vulgaris Fruit: Determination of Phenolic Compounds in Extracts Obtained by Supercritical CO2 and Soxhlet Methods Using HPLC.

Recently, research studies on nutraceutically important polyphenolic substances have attracted intensive attention. Berberis vulgaris is an important source of polyphenolic compounds and is often used in traditional medicine. In this study, the extraction of rutin and apigenin rich oil from Berberis vulgaris fruits was evaluated by supercritical carbon dioxide (Sc-CO2) extraction method with and without co-solvent. As valuable antioxidants, rutin and apigenin content of extracts were analyzed by HPLC, and their amounts were maximized via parametric optimization. The rutin compound studied in this research has the potential to be a drug against the COVID-19 virus. The operating conditions were considered in the range of 35-70 °C temperatures, 140-240 bar of pressures, 0.35-1.00 mm of mean particle sizes, 3-7 l/min of CO2 flow rates, and 0-8% w/w co-solvent. As a result of Sc-CO2 extractions, the amounts of rutin and apigenin were found as 173 ± 14.97 µg/g and 2.91 ± 0.11 µg/g, respectively, with the 8% (w/w) co-solvent addition. The amounts of rutin and apigenin obtained by Soxhlet extractions were found as 208.81 ± 8.48 µg/g and 6.55 ± 0.21 µg/g, respectively. When the Sc-CO2 method was compared with the Soxhlet method, it was seen that the fast and eco-friendly Sc-CO2 method was an ideal extraction method by providing 76.89% rutin and 44.53% apigenin recoveries. As a result of this study, the maximum extraction conditions for rutin and apigenin were obtained as 160 bar, 40 °C, 0.35 mm particle size, 3 l/min CO2, 8% w/w co-solvent ratio, and 120 min extraction period. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12161-021-02136-8.

Extraction and quantification of some valuable flavonoids from pinecone of Pinus brutia via Soxhlet and Supercritical CO2 extraction: a comparison study.

In this study, the extraction of oil from pinecone of Pinus brutia was evaluated by supercritical CO2 (Sc-CO2) and Soxhlet extraction methods. The quercetin, rutin and kaempferol (QRK) contents of oil were analyzed one by one via HPLC. The rutin compound investigated in this study has the potential to be a drug against the COVID 19 virus. SEM and BET analysis were performed to observe the structural change and increase in surface area after Sc-CO2 extraction. The operating conditions were investigated in the range of 35-65 °C temperatures, 140-220 bar of pressures, 0.30-1.00 mm of mean particle sizes, 3-7 l/min of CO2 flow rates, 0-8% w/w co-solvent and 30-150 min extraction periods. When the results obtained by the Sc-CO2 method were compared with the results of Soxhlet extraction method, the maximum recovery of total QRK was found 4.18% in co-solvent-free studies and 30.94% in co-solvent-added Sc-CO2 studies. Sc-CO2 extraction results of Q, R, and K were found as 14.75 ± 1.08 µg/g, 14.23 ± 1.27 µg/g, and 15.70 ± 1.13 µg/g pinecone, respectively. Soxhlet extraction results of Q, R, and K were found as 36.43 ± 2.26 µg/g, 57.19 ± 3.81 µg/g, and 50.80 ± 2.79 µg/g pinecone, respectively. The maximum amount of QRK was found as 44.68 ± 2.89 µg/g pinecone by Sc-CO2 method via adding 8% ethanol by mass and as 144.42 ± 5.39 µg/g pinecone by Soxhlet method. According to the reference Soxhlet method efficiency, the Sc-CO2 extraction recovery was found as 30.94%. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11696-021-01644-5.