The use of proxy measurement of internal states in people with intellectual disability: A scoping review.

BACKGROUND: The measurement of internal states of people with an intellectual disability is challenging. Given these difficulties, proxy respondents are sometimes used. However, the literature provides some caution about the validity of the use of proxy respondents. AIMS: This review aims to identify the available evidence regarding the use of proxy respondents in the measurement of internal states of people with intellectual disabilities. METHOD: The Arksey and O'Malley scoping review framework was used for this review, refined with the Joanna Briggs Institute Methodology. RESULTS: Results indicate there are some differences in the findings reported with respect to the efficacy of the use of proxy respondents. These may be due to a number of inconsistencies and weaknesses in examinations of their utility. CONCLUSIONS: If proxy-reports are to be useful in understanding the internal states of people with intellectual disability, researchers need to address the shortcomings revealed by this review.

Trauma-Informed Design of Supported Housing: A Scoping Review through the Lens of Neuroscience.

There is growing recognition of the importance of the design of the built environment in supporting mental health. In this context, trauma-informed design has emerged as a new field of practice targeting the design of the built environment to support wellbeing and ameliorate the physical, psychological and emotional impacts of trauma and related pathologies such as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). With high levels of prevalence of PTSD among people escaping homelessness and domestic violence, a priority area is the identification and application of evidence-based design solutions for trauma-informed supported housing. This study sought to examine the scope of existing evidence on the relationship between trauma, housing and design and the correlation of this evidence with trauma-informed design principles, and to identify gaps and opportunities for future research. In response to the commonly articulated limitations of the evidence-base in built environment design research, we combined a scoping review of literature on trauma, housing and design with insights from neuroscience to focus and extend understanding of the opportunities of trauma-informed design. We found that while limited in scope, there is strong alignment between existing evidence and the principles of trauma-informed design. We also identify three areas of future research related to the key domains of safety and security; control; and enriched environments.