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1.
J Community Psychol ; 50(1): 553-575, 2022 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34105786

ABSTRACT

The Program for Psychosocial Care and Comprehensive Health for Victims serves, on a yearly basis, an average of 25,000 users in northern Colombia alone. The program is implemented by multidisciplinary teams comprised of psychologists, social workers, and community facilitators, who step in at the individual, family, and community levels. An attempt has been made to determine the effect generated by the timeframe through which professionals have been engaged with the program-filling positions of centrality and betweenness within the networks of information exchange and user referral, including the potential mediating effect from the structure of the egocentric network of implementers in the two aforementioned networks and the moderating effect of the sense of belonging to a team of professionals. Both centrality and betweenness are positional measures describing the location actors occupied within the network structure. Centrality reflects the nominations made and receipt by an actor in a network and is considered an individual indicator of prominence and power. Betweenness shows the times that an actor act as a bridge among two actors in a network and it is considered an indicator of strategic positioning in social networks. An egocentric network is the local structure of relationships that each implementer maintains with his or her direct contacts. In this study, 112 active implementers were included, mostly women (n = 97, 88.2%), who had been working on the program for 16.9 months on average (SD = 14.7). Through conditional process analysis, it has been shown that the time that the implementers have been working on the program and the sense of belonging to the task team are relevant factors that interact with each other toward explaining the level of centrality and betweenness of professionals in the information exchange and user referral networks.


Subject(s)
Referral and Consultation , Social Networking , Colombia , Female , Humans , Male
2.
Cad Saude Publica ; 37(6): e00045420, 2021.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34231761

ABSTRACT

The exchange of information between appliers of mental health interventions is essential to guarantee effective program implementation. The study aimed to examine how individual and group factors influence the exchange of information among the implementers of a psychosocial intervention program targeted to victims of the war in Colombia. A cross-sectional exploratory design was developed. Interviews were held with 18 psychologists, 22 social workers, 10 community promoters, and a nurse. The study used the E-i index and the visualization of interclass and intraclass links. There is no homophilic tendency in the exchange of information among the three professional categories. Empowerment predicts the nominations received in the request for information network (ß = 0.296, p < 0.006). To be central in the preference network is the principal predictor of receiving requests for information (ß = 0.562, p < 0.0001). Empowered professionals and those who exchange information on the implementation process are considered key informants that can improve the program's effectiveness.


El intercambio de información entre los aplicadores de intervenciones en salud mental es esencial para garantizar la efectividad de la implementación de programas. El objetivo fue examinar cómo influyen factores individuales y grupales en el intercambio de información entre los implementadores de un programa de intervención psicosocial dirigido a víctimas de la guerra en Colombia. Se desarrolló un diseño exploratorio transversal. Fueron entrevistados 18 psicólogos, 22 trabajadores sociales, 10 promotores comunitarios y una enfermera. Se empleó el índice E-i y la visualización de vínculos interclase e intraclase. No existe tendencia homofílica en el intercambio de información entre las tres categorías profesionales. El empoderamiento predice las nominaciones recibidas en la red de solicitud de información (ß = 0,296, p < 0,006). Ser central en la red de preferencia es el principal predictor de la recepción de peticiones de información (ß = 0,562, p < 0,0001). Los profesionales empoderados y aquellos que intercambian información sobre el proceso de implementación son considerados informantes clave que pueden mejorar la efectividad del programa.


A troca de informações entre os profissionais envolvidos nas intervenções de saúde mental é fundamental para garantir a efetividade da implementação de programas. O objetivo aqui era analisar a maneira como fatores individuais e de grupo influenciam a troca de informações entre os implementadores de um programa de intervenção psicossocial, dirigido a vítimas da guerra na Colômbia. Foi desenvolvido um desenho de estudo exploratório transversal. Foram entrevistados 18 psicólogos, 22 trabalhadores sociais, 10 agentes comunitários e uma enfermeira. Foram utilizados o índice E-i e a visualização de vínculos interclasse e intraclasse. Não existe tendência homofílica na troca de informações entre as três categorias profissionais. O empoderamento prevê as denominações recebidas na rede de solicitação de informação (ß = 0,296, p < 0,006). Ser central na rede de preferência é o principal preditor da recepção de pedidos de informação (ß = 0,562, p < 0,0001). Os profissionais empoderados e aqueles que trocam informações sobre o processo de implementação são considerados informantes chaves que podem melhorar a efetividade do programa.


Subject(s)
Mental Health , Brazil , Colombia , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans
3.
Cad. Saúde Pública (Online) ; 37(6): e00045420, 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1278623

ABSTRACT

Resumen: El intercambio de información entre los aplicadores de intervenciones en salud mental es esencial para garantizar la efectividad de la implementación de programas. El objetivo fue examinar cómo influyen factores individuales y grupales en el intercambio de información entre los implementadores de un programa de intervención psicosocial dirigido a víctimas de la guerra en Colombia. Se desarrolló un diseño exploratorio transversal. Fueron entrevistados 18 psicólogos, 22 trabajadores sociales, 10 promotores comunitarios y una enfermera. Se empleó el índice E-i y la visualización de vínculos interclase e intraclase. No existe tendencia homofílica en el intercambio de información entre las tres categorías profesionales. El empoderamiento predice las nominaciones recibidas en la red de solicitud de información (β = 0,296, p < 0,006). Ser central en la red de preferencia es el principal predictor de la recepción de peticiones de información (β = 0,562, p < 0,0001). Los profesionales empoderados y aquellos que intercambian información sobre el proceso de implementación son considerados informantes clave que pueden mejorar la efectividad del programa.


Abstract: The exchange of information between appliers of mental health interventions is essential to guarantee effective program implementation. The study aimed to examine how individual and group factors influence the exchange of information among the implementers of a psychosocial intervention program targeted to victims of the war in Colombia. A cross-sectional exploratory design was developed. Interviews were held with 18 psychologists, 22 social workers, 10 community promoters, and a nurse. The study used the E-i index and the visualization of interclass and intraclass links. There is no homophilic tendency in the exchange of information among the three professional categories. Empowerment predicts the nominations received in the request for information network (β = 0.296, p < 0.006). To be central in the preference network is the principal predictor of receiving requests for information (β = 0.562, p < 0.0001). Empowered professionals and those who exchange information on the implementation process are considered key informants that can improve the program's effectiveness.


Resumo: A troca de informações entre os profissionais envolvidos nas intervenções de saúde mental é fundamental para garantir a efetividade da implementação de programas. O objetivo aqui era analisar a maneira como fatores individuais e de grupo influenciam a troca de informações entre os implementadores de um programa de intervenção psicossocial, dirigido a vítimas da guerra na Colômbia. Foi desenvolvido um desenho de estudo exploratório transversal. Foram entrevistados 18 psicólogos, 22 trabalhadores sociais, 10 agentes comunitários e uma enfermeira. Foram utilizados o índice E-i e a visualização de vínculos interclasse e intraclasse. Não existe tendência homofílica na troca de informações entre as três categorias profissionais. O empoderamento prevê as denominações recebidas na rede de solicitação de informação (β = 0,296, p < 0,006). Ser central na rede de preferência é o principal preditor da recepção de pedidos de informação (β = 0,562, p < 0,0001). Os profissionais empoderados e aqueles que trocam informações sobre o processo de implementação são considerados informantes chaves que podem melhorar a efetividade do programa.


Subject(s)
Humans , Mental Health , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Colombia
4.
J Community Psychol ; 48(2): 398-413, 2020 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31638724

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to determine the associations among psychological sense of community (PSoC), psychological empowerment (PE), and relational structure with indicators of centrality and cohesion in egocentric and sociocentric networks when analyzed at different levels. A multicase analysis was used (four developed in Colombia and one in Spain) in which 458 people participated in five studies conducted in organizational and community contexts of vulnerable urban and rural areas. The results suggest that PSoC and PE are intertwined processes whose association is accentuated in organizational contexts. However, the relationships between relational context and PSoC and PE vary notably depending on (a) the type of relationship evaluated, (b) the focus of the study (individual/egocentric vs. group/sociocentric) and the type of indicator used to assess the relational context (centrality vs. structural cohesion). Findings are discussed to understand the role that social bonds play in the development of PSoC and in the ability of subjects to empower themselves in different contexts.


Subject(s)
Community Participation/psychology , Interpersonal Relations , Power, Psychological , Social Networking , Adult , Colombia , Cooperative Behavior , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Social Support , Spain , Young Adult
5.
Repert. med. cir ; 28(3): 145-151, 2019.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1046730

ABSTRACT

La obesidad en este momento representa una de las peores amenazas del sector salud. El acelerado aumento de la prevalencia y mortalidad a causa de enfermedades cardiovasculares establece un precedente histórico como problema de salud pública mundial. La elevada incidencia de obesidad y enfermedades crónicas ha llevado a múltiples áreas de la salud a entender y buscar un detonante claro que explique esta patología. Existen numerosas causas que explican su comportamiento agresivo, progresivo y crónico. Sin embargo, ninguna de ellas satisface como el solo factor desencadenante que ofrezca un tratamiento único que genere una reducción de su rápida expansión. En este artículo se buscan explicar las principales causas relacionadas con esta entidad así como los mecanismos que lo demuestran, para lograr entender el abordaje adecuado de los pacientes que acuden buscando el manejo de la obesidad (modelo COD2).


Obesity is currently considered as one of the major life-threatening conditions affecting the healthcare system. The accelerated increase in prevalence and mortality due to cardiovascular diseases establishes an historical precedent as a global public health issue. The increased incidence of obesity and chronic diseases, has led multiple health researchers to try to identify a clear triggering factor contributing to obesity. There are numerous causes which explain its aggressive, progressive and chronic behavior. However, they do not satisfactorily elucidate a unique triggering factor which would determine a unique treatment to help decelerate its rapid expansion. This article seeks to explain the major causal factors and mechanisms leading to obesity, in order to find the most appropriate approach for obese patients seeking treatment options (COD2 model).


Subject(s)
Obesity , Sedentary Behavior , Epigenomics
6.
Ter. psicol ; 36(2): 101-111, ago. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-979394

ABSTRACT

Resumen Se analizó la asociación entre el riesgo suicida con la exposición a la violencia en la casa, calle, colegio, televisión en adolescentes de Santa Marta (Colombia). Se evaluó una muestra de 210 adolescentes entre 12-19 años (M= 14.6 DE= 1.38). Los sujetos respondieron la Escala de Riesgo Suicida de Plutchik, además de la Escala de Exposición a la Violencia. Se encontró asociación bivariada con la exposición a la violencia en la casa. En un modelo de regresión logística ajustado el apoyo de padres padres/hermanos/amigos (OR=0.213 IC95%=0.70-0649) es un factor protector para el riesgo suicida, mientras el género femenino (OR=5.397 IC95%=2.541-11.460), exposición a la violencia en la casa (OR=2.334 IC95%=1.161-4.298) y dificultades de ingreso a la educación (OR=3.257 IC95%=1.013-10.467) son factores de riesgo. Se concluye que mujeres adolescentes, víctimas de violencia en el hogar y con problemas para acceder a la educación básica tienen mayor probabilidad de presentar riesgo suicida.


Abstract The association between suicide risk and exposure to violence in the home, street, school, television in adolescents of Santa Marta (Colombia) was analyzed. A sample of 210 adolescents aged 12-19 years (M =14.6 SD = 1.38) was evaluated. The subjects responded to the Plutchik Suicide Risk Scale and the Violence Exposure Scale. We found a bivariate association with exposure to violence in the home. In an adjusted logistic regression model the support of parents / siblings / friends (OR = 0.213 CI 95% = 0.70-0649) is a protective factor for suicidal risk, while female gender (OR = 5.397 95% CI = 2.541-11.460), exposure to violence in the home (OR = 2.344, 95% CI = 1.161-4.298) and difficulties in entering education (OR = 3.257, 95% CI = 1013-10.467) are risk factors. It is concluded that adolescent women, victims of domestic violence and with problems to access basic education are more likely to present suicidal risk.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , Suicide, Attempted/psychology , Exposure to Violence/psychology , Suicide , Violence/psychology , Logistic Models , Multivariate Analysis , Surveys and Questionnaires , Risk Factors , Colombia , Domestic Violence , Risk Assessment
7.
Univ. psychol ; 15(1): 99-116, ene.-mar. 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-963116

ABSTRACT

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo el diseño y validez de una escala para evaluar salud sexual y reproductiva. Participaron 919 estudiantes mujeres entre 11 a 19 años quienes respondieron el cuestionario, que evalúa actitudes y normas subjetivas, basado en planteamientos de la teoría de comportamiento planeado. Con el objetivo de comprobar la fiabilidad y validez del instrumento, se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio y un análisis de componentes principales con rotación VARIMAX. Esta investigación incluye dos estudios independientes, en el estudio 1 (prueba piloto) la versión del pilotaje inicialmente constaba de 172 ítems y disminuyó a 78 en la muestra final. Para el estudio 2, en la escala de actitud se reporta una media de 3.68 (D.E. = 1.21) y un a= 0.91. Se extrajeron dos factores agrupados en dos dimensiones que explican un 67.10%; en la escala de normas subjetivas se obtuvo media de 3.80 (D.E. = 1.10) y un a= 0.97. Los ítems se adecuan a la matriz factorial. Se extrajeron 11 factores de los cuales son interpretables 9 y se explican en un 75.89%. En conclusión, el instrumento confirma una confiabilidad adecuada y estabilidad estructural de gran utilidad para la comprensión e implementación de estrategias de acción en sexualidad reproductiva en mujeres adolescentes.


This article describes the design and validation of a scale for evaluating reproductive and sexual health. 919 young females from 11 to 19 years in five Caribbean- Colombian cities were administered the questionnaire that assesses attitudes and subjective norms about the reproductive sexuality, based on the planned behavior theory (Ajzen & Fishbein, 2000). The reliability and validity of the instrument was analyzed through exploratory factorial analysis with principal components and VARIMAX rotation. The methodology includes two independent studies; in study 1 (pilot test) the first questionnaire consisted of 172 items and decreased to 78 in the final sample. For study 2, the attitude scale reported (Mean = 3.68, ED = 1.21) and Cronbach's alpha reliability was 0.91. Two factors were extracted and grouped into two dimensions that explain 67.10% of the variance. For the subjective norms scale (Mean = 3.8, ED = 1.1) Cronbach's alpha reliability was 0.97 and eleven factors were extracted and grouped into nine dimensions, which explain 75.89% of the variance. The scale showed good reliability and structural stability for the analysis and design of programs for sexual and reproductive health in adolescent girls.

8.
Ter. psicol ; 33(3): 169-180, Dec. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-772369

ABSTRACT

La creciente tasa de embarazos en adolescentes y la alta incidencia de las infecciones de transmisión sexual (entre ellas el VIH/SIDA), son temáticas en torno a la salud y en especial la salud sexual y reproductiva, que han recibido gran atención por parte de investigadores y de la opinión pública en general. Recientemente, se ha encontrado que los adolescentes llevan a cabo con facilidad comportamientos de riesgo para su salud sexual y reproductiva y aquellos que no han presentado dichos comportamientos también muestran altos niveles de intención para llevarlos a cabo. Se ha hipotetizado que además de variables cognitivas como las actitudes, normas subjetivas, control conductual percibido y la intención, la personalidad de los jóvenes es un aspecto que juega un papel importante en su salud sexual y reproductiva. Se encontraron correlaciones significativas entre las variables de la TCP y las características de personalidad y los resultados sugieren que la direccionalidad de estas correlaciones se encuentra asociada con el tipo específico de comportamiento o situación que se está evaluando.


The increasing rate of pregnancies in teenagers and the high incident of the infections of sexual transmission (HIV/ AIDS, for example), these are health related issues (and especially the sexual and reproductive health), which have received great attention on the part of investigators and of the public opinion in general. Recently, there has been evidenced that teenagers carry out very easily risk sexual behaviors, and those who have not presented the above mentioned behaviors also show high levels of intention to carry out them. There is the hypothesis that besides cognitive variables such as attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and intention, the personality of the young persons is an aspect that plays an important paper in their sexual and reproductive health. Significant correlations were found between the variales of the TPB and the personality traits; the results suggest that the direction of these correlations is associated with the specific type of behavior or situation that is assessed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Female , Child , Young Adult , Reproductive Behavior , Personality , Sexuality , Psychological Theory , Colombia , Surveys and Questionnaires , Models, Psychological
9.
Psicol. Caribe ; 31(3): 557-576, sep.-dic. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-731722

ABSTRACT

La inmigración implica para los individuos una serie de procesos cognitivos, motivacionales y afectivos que afectan su adaptación a la nueva sociedad. Estos procesos pueden modificarse a través de estrategias de intervención dirigidas a estos colectivos. La búsqueda bibliográfica se focalizó en documentos que permitieron analizar los factores individuales como socioculturales, asociados a los procesos de adaptación y aculturación, tales como las características individuales y estrategias de afrontamiento de los inmigrantes; el tipo de sociedad de llegada y las redes sociales que construyen los inmigrantes para adaptarse. Los resultados confirman los tres grandes grupos que describen los procesos de aculturación: los que se centran en el contenido (sentimientos, actitudes y conductas), los que se centran en el proceso (establecimiento de relaciones entre inmigrantes y autóctonos) y los interactivos o ampliados, que combinan los dos anteriores.


Immigration implies cognitive, motivational and affective processes that affect their adaptation to the new society. These processes can be modified through intervention strategies aimed at these groups. The literature search focused on documents that allowed analyzing individual and sociocultural factors associated to acculturation and adaptation pro-cesses, such as individual characteristics, coping strategies, the type of host society and the social networks of immigrants. Results show three groups that describe the processes of acculturation: those that focus on the content (feelings, attitudes, and behaviors), others focus on the process (establishing relationships between immigrant and native), and interactive or extended models that combine the two.

10.
Rev Biol Trop ; 62(2): 699-710, 2014 Jun.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25102651

ABSTRACT

Forage use and availability for white tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus thomasi (Artiodactyla: Cervidae) in an experimental unit of Campeche, Mexico. In Campeche state, 122 Wildlife Conservation and Management Units have been recently conformed. In these units, eventhough the white tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus thomasi is a game species, no studies on its diet have been undertaken. The objectives of this work were to estimate the botanical composition of the diet and its seasonal change, to determine forage availability, carrying capacity and stocking rate of O. virginianus thomasi. The study was conducted in the experimental unit of Colegio de Postgraduados in Campeche, Mexico, from October 2010 to May 2012. The diet was determined through microhistological analyses of the white tailed deer feces by the use of reference material. Forage availability was determined through the Adelaide's method; the stocking rate, using the grazing pressure factor; and carrying capacity considering forage availability and 35% of utilization efficiency. In this experimental unit, the deer diet included 40 species belonging to 15 families. The highest species richness ocurred during the rainy season with 29 species. However, deers preferred shrubs during all seasons, and herbaceous species during the rainy season. The diet composition, forage availability, carrying capacity and stocking rate varied throughout the year. Carrying capacity ranged from 0.04 to 1.08deer/ha. Additional studies are required to detail about the composition of the diet, habitat availability and use throughout its geographical range, and to detail on nutritional and health aspects.


Subject(s)
Deer/physiology , Feeding Behavior/physiology , Plants/classification , Animals , Deer/classification , Feces/chemistry , Mexico , Seasons
11.
Rev. biol. trop ; Rev. biol. trop;62(2): 699-710, Jun.-Aug. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-715464

ABSTRACT

In Campeche state, 122 Wildlife Conservation and Management Units have been recently conformed. In these units, eventhough the white tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus thomasi is a game species, no studies on its diet have been undertaken. The objectives of this work were to estimate the botanical composition of the diet and its seasonal change, to determine forage availability, carrying capacity and stocking rate of O. virginianus thomasi. The study was conducted in the experimental unit of Colegio de Postgraduados in Campeche, Mexico, from October 2010 to May 2012. The diet was determined through microhistological analyses of the white tailed deer feces by the use of reference material. Forage availability was determined through the Adelaide´s method; the stocking rate, using the grazing pressure factor; and carrying capacity considering forage availability and 35% of utilization efficiency. In this experimental unit, the deer diet included 40 species belonging to15 families. The highest species richness ocurred during the rainy season with 29 species. However, deers preferred shrubs during all seasons, and herbaceous species during the rainy season. The diet composition, forage availability, carrying capacity and stocking rate varied throughout the year. Carrying capacity ranged from 0.04 to 1.08deer/ha. Additional studies are required to detail about the composition of the diet, habitat availability and use throughout its geographical range, and to detail on nutritional and health aspects. Rev. Biol. Trop. 62 (2): 699-710. Epub 2014 June 01.


En Campeche, México no existen estudios de la dieta de Odocoileus virginianus thomasi; a pesar de la existencia de 122 Unidades de Manejo para la Conservación de la Vida Silvestre (UMAS) en donde se realiza aprovechamiento del venado cola blanca. Los objetivos del trabajo fueron conocer la composición botánica de la dieta y su cambio estacional, la disponibilidad de forraje, la capacidad de carga y carga animal de O. virginianus thomasi. El trabajo se realizó de octubre 2010 a mayo 2012 en el Campo Experimental del Colegio de Postgraduados en Campeche, México. La composición de la dieta se determinó mediante el análisis de heces de venado y material de referencia con la técnica microhistológica; la disponibilidad de forraje se estimó con el método de Adelaide; la capacidad de carga utilizando la presión de pastoreo y la carga animal considerando el forraje disponible y 35% de eficiencia de utilización. La dieta incluyó 40 especies de 15 familias. La riqueza de especies más alta fue de 29 especies en la época de lluvia; las arbustivas fueron preferidas en las tres épocas del año y las herbáceas en la época de lluvia. La composición de la dieta, disponibilidad de forraje, la capacidad de carga y carga animal variaron a través del año. La capacidad de carga fluctuó entre 0.04 a 1.08 venados/ha.


Subject(s)
Animals , Deer/physiology , Feeding Behavior/physiology , Plants/classification , Deer/classification , Feces/chemistry , Mexico , Seasons
12.
Ter. psicol ; 31(3): 343-353, 2013. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-695787

ABSTRACT

Este estudio de 1.777 adolescentes escolares varones y mujeres entre 11 a 19 años en el Caribe colombiano, tuvo doble objetivo: diseñar y validar dos escalas de intención en sexualidad reproductiva y analizar diferencias de género. El pilotaje de las escalas constaba de 8 ítems y se redujo a 6; la comprobación de la fiabilidad y validez mediante análisis factorial exploratorio y de componentes principales con rotación VARIMAX arrojó dos factores: Intención de Protección e Intención de Riesgo, explicados entre 69. por ciento y 7 por ciento respectivamente. En la Intención de Protección masculina (M = 3.87 y D.E = 1.29) y de Riesgo (M = 2.56 y D.E = 1.18) obtuvieron un alfa entre 0.74 y 0.86, y en la Intención de Protección femenina (M = 3.49 y D.E = 1.35) y de Riesgo (M = 1.50 y D.E = 0.89) osciló entre 0.78 y 0.86. En conclusión, la confiabilidad y estabilidad estructural son adecuadas y existen diferencias de género en las escalas.


The study of 1777 male and female adolescent students of 11 - 19 years in the Colombian Caribbean had two objectives: development and validation of two reproductive health intention scales and analyze gender differences. The pilot of the scale consisted of 8 items and was reduced to 6, to check the reliability and validity using factor analysis and principal components with VARIMAX rotation yielded two factors: Intention and Intention Risk Protection, explained between 69 percent and 7percent respectively. In the male Protection Intent (M = 3.87 and SD = 1.29) and risk (M = 2.56 and SD = 1.18) obtained an alpha between 0.74 and 0.86, and in Protection of Intent to female (M = 3.49 and SD = 1.35) and risk (M = 1.50 and SD = 0.89) ranged between 0.78 and 086. In conclusion, the reliability and structural stability are adequate and there are gender differences in the scales.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Female , Child , Sexual Behavior , Gender Identity , Sexuality/statistics & numerical data , Colombia , Surveys and Questionnaires , Sex Factors , Intention , Reproducibility of Results
13.
Psicol. Caribe ; 29(1): 123-152, ene.-jun. 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-656893

ABSTRACT

A partir de los resultados obtenidos en diversas investigaciones ha podido comprobarse la incidencia de las experiencias violentas y los actos violentos ejercidos sobre otros en el despliegue del conflicto armado colombiano, lo cual afecta la salud mental de los sujetos. En este escrito se busca analizar esta forma de anudamiento entre las experiencias o acciones violentas con los traumatismos psíquicos y síntomas producidos en 36 sujetos -20 víctimas y 16 victimarios- a quienes se les escuchó en consultas psicológicas a través de los programas de la Alta Consejería para la Reintegración, Defensorías del Pueblo del Atlántico y Magdalena y la MAPP-OEA en el marco del proyecto de Investigación (121549326151) nanciado por Colciencias. Se realizaron entre 2 y 7 entrevistas en profundidad con cada uno dependiendo del interés de continuar con el proceso. Se utilizó el diseño de comparación multi-caso y la teoría fundamentada, anudados a partir de una matriz de análisis denominada ARIADGE (Análisis de Respuestas Inmediatas: Actos, Desplazamientos, Guerra y Excepciones). Se organizaron los resultados discursivos en categorías y subcategorías emergentes que representan la producción gradual de conocimientos respecto a la manera en que estos sujetos dieron cuenta de las situaciones traumáticas y los efectos producidos en su psiquismo a causa del conflicto armado desplegado en regiones del Magdalena, Atlántico, Bolívar y Cesar..


On the basis of the results obtained from several studies, the effects of the violent experiences and violent acts exerted on the others in the spread of the armed conict has been proved, affecting subjects' mental health. We study in this paper this type of link between violent actions or experiences and the psychological trauma and symptoms caused in 36 subjects (20 victims and 16 victimizers), who were listened in psychological counseling through Alta Consejería para la Reintegración, Defensorías del Pueblo del Atlántico and MAPP-OEA programmes, in the framework of the 121549326151 investigation project funded by Colciencias. 2 to 7 in-depth interviews were done with each one depending on their interest in going on with the process. Multi-case comparative design and well-founded theory were used linked through an Analysis Matrix called ARIADGE (Immediate Responses Analysis: Acts, Displacement, War and Exceptions). Discursive results were organized in emerging categories and subcategories representing gradual production of knowledge in relation to the way these subjects reported traumatic situations and the effects caused in their psyche because of the armed conict spread in regions of Magdalena, Atlántico, Bolívar and César.

14.
Univ. psychol ; 11(2): 481-496, jun.-dic. 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-669315

ABSTRACT

Se describen los factores familiares y sociales de alto riesgo asociados al trabajo infantil. La muestra, de carácter intencional, estuvo constituida por 835 niños, niñas y adolescentes entre 6 y 17 años (M = 10.6 años y DE = 2.2) de las ciudades de Barranquilla, Santa Marta y Cartagena, que participaron en el proyecto "Edúcame primero, Colombia" durante 2008. Los resultados presentan datos relevantes sobre el estado sociodemográfico de los niños participantes, sus características familiares y condiciones sociales, que permitirán establecer una línea base actualizada y abrir camino para la construcción de estrategias de intervención efectivas sobre un flagelo que azota a los niños, niñas y jóvenes no solo de Colombia, sino del mundo.


The investigation describes the familiar and social factors of high risk associated with child labour. The sample of intentional character, was made up of 835 children and teenagers between 6 and 17 years (average of 10.6 years and DT = 2.2) of the cities of Barranquilla, Santa Marta, and Cartagena, which participated in the project "Educate First Your Colombia "during the year 2008. The results presented relevant data on the State population partner participating children, familiar characteristics and social conditions, to help establish a baseline updated and pave way for the construction of effective intervention strategies on a scourge that flogs the children and young people not only of Colombia but worldwide.

15.
Suma psicol ; 17(1): 59-68, jun. 2010.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-586445

ABSTRACT

En Colombia, son escasos los estudios sobre la asociación de los factores psicosociales y medioambientales con trastornos mentales de mayor prevalencia; tales estudios son necesarios debido al contexto de violencia, inseguridad social e inestabilidad laboral y económica del país. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los factores de riesgo psicosociales y ambientales de los trastornos mentales, en los usuarios de servicios de psicología de Colombia. Para ello, se aplicaron el Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview y un cuestionario de evaluación del Eje IV del DSM-IV-TR, a 490 participantes. Se utilizaron análisis descriptivos y de factores de riesgo. Como factor de riesgo para la depresión, se identificaron los problemas de vivienda, acceso a los servicios de asistencia sanitaria, los relativos al grupo primario, los económicos, del ambiente social y los problemas laborales. Para la ansiedad generalizada se identificaron los problemas económicos y los relativos a la enseñanza. Para los trastornos de pánico, fueron relevantes los problemas relacionados con el ambiente social, y para la fobia social, los problemas de enseñanza, los laborales y el ambiente social.


In Colombia, there are few studies on the association of psychosocial and environmental factors with the most prevalent mental disorders; such studies are important due to the context of violence, social insecurity, and job and economic instability in the country. The objective of this study was to identify the psychosocial and environmental risk factors for mental disorders, in users of psychologicalservices in Colombia. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview and a Questionnaire to evaluate the Axis-IV of the DSM-IV-TR were applied to 490 participants.The analysis comprised descriptive statistics and risk factors. As riskfactors for depression, there were identified housing problems, access to health care services, problems related to the primary group, economics, problems of the social environment, and labor. For generalized anxiety, there were identified economic and education issues. For panic disorders, the risk factors were related to social environment, and for social phobia, the risk factors were problems in education,work and social environment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Risk Factors , Mental Disorders/psychology
16.
Rev. chil. salud pública ; 13(3): 143-154, 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-579542

ABSTRACT

El artículo presenta una revisión del estado del arte del proceso de revelación del estado serológico en la población infantil menor de 18 años afectada con VIH/SIDA. Los resultados de la revisión se presentan en torno a las modalidades y factores asociados al proceso revelación y no revelación del diagnóstico de VIH a niños, niñas y adolescentes por parte de sus cuidadores y profesionales que brindan servicios de salud en diversos contextos socioculturales y la situación en Colombia. Se seleccionaron artículos publicados en cinco bases de datos utilizándose como palabras clave para la búsqueda “disclosure”, “disclosure model”, “disclosure in children with HIV/AIDS” y ”pediatric HIV/AIDS”. Para la búsqueda se incluyeron artículos en los idiomas inglés y español entre los años 1990 y 2008.


The article presents a review of HIV serostatus disclosure in the under-18 population living with HIV/AIDS. The results include disclosure models and factors associated with disclosure and non disclosure of children and adolescents' HIV serostatus by their caregivers and health workers.The effects of these factors in various sociocultural contexts were studied, with emphasis on the Colombian context. Articles published in five databases were selected, using the key words “disclosure”, “disclosure model”, “disclosure in children with HIV/AIDS” and “pediatric HIV/AIDS”. Articles published in English and Spanish, and between 1990 and 2008, were included.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , AIDS Serodiagnosis , Truth Disclosure , Colombia
17.
Psicol. Caribe ; (22): 110-135, jul.-dic. 2008. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-635766

ABSTRACT

El fracaso académico es un problema que afrontan los estudiantes que presentan un rendimiento académico deficiente, lo cual los lleva en poco tiempo a desertar o son expulsados del sistema educativo. Se considera que es un problema multicausal, pero para afrontarlo es necesario indagar desde los mismos estudiantes qué es lo que más los puede estar afectando. Para indagar sobre los factores asociados a este problema se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo con estudiantes de psicología en una universidad privada de Barranquilla (Colombia). Se entrevistó a 38 estudiantes que asistían a un programa exclusivo para aquellos con muy bajo rendimiento académico y que estaban en riesgo de salir del programa o habían sido remitidos por los profesores. Los resultados indican que los estudiantes no recibieron una orientación vocacional adecuada antes de ingresar a los estudios superiores que les permitiera analizar sus capacidades y habilidades con respecto a una carrera profesional. Además manifiestan limitaciones en sus competencias de concentración y atención, en la distribución del tiempo, en la deficiente utilización de técnicas de estudio, y en la poca asistencia a clases por la baja motivación en las actividades académicas. La relación con su familia la consideraron satisfactoria. Se observa que las acciones para reducir el fracaso deben ser emprendidas antes del ingreso a la universidad, con estrategias de estudio y afrontamiento que les brinden a los jóvenes las mejores opciones entre sus intereses y capacidades con las oportunidades que les ofrece la sociedad en la cual vivirán.


Academic failure is a problem faced by students with deficient academic performance. This eventually leads them to drop out or to be expelled of the academic system. This is considered a multi-causal problem, but in order to face it, it is necessary to find out among the affected students, what is the main reason for this. In order to search for the associated factors, a descriptive study was developed with Psychology students in a private university of Barranquilla. 38 students assisting to a special program for low performance students at risk of being expelled of their programs were interviewed, as well as some others who had been submitted by their teachers. Results indicate that these students had not received professional orientation before starting their undergraduate studies, which would have allowed them to analyze their capabilities and abilities with respect to a professional career. They also report some limitations in their concentration and attention abilities, in time distribution, deficient use of study techniques, low class assistance due to lack of motivation in academic activities. They rated as satisfactory their family relations. It was observed that the actions to be taken to reduce failure must be developed before registering at the university. They should include study and management strategies that would offer students better opportunities to develop their interests and abilities in the options offered by the society in which they will live.

18.
Suma psicol ; 15(2): 385-403, sept. 2008.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-500292

ABSTRACT

Es preocupante el impacto que las actividades laborales pueden tener en eldesarrollo y calidad de vida de los menores trabajadores, especialmentecuando estas actividades inician desde temprana edad. Los menores trabajadores en Toluviejo realizan diferentes actividades económicas, participando, entre otras, en la explotación de rocas calcáreas desde los 7 años. Con el objetivo de conocer y comparar la calidad de vida en salud y la salud mental positiva en los menores que trabajan con los que no lo hacen, seseleccionaron intencionalmente 191 menores del colegio del pueblo de loscuales el 18% indicaron trabajar en su tiempo libre. Los resultados arrojaronindicadores más bajos en los menores trabajadores, pero con resultadospoco significativos, lo cual indica que más que el trabajo, el problemamayor son las precarias condiciones en las que viven los menores.


The impact that the labor activities can have in the development and qualityof life of the working minors is worrisome, especially when these activities initiate from early age. The working minors in Toluviejo realise different economic activities, participating, among others, in the calcareous rock operation since they were 7 years old. With the aim of knowing and comparing the quality of life in health and the positive mental health in the minors who work with minors who do not do it, were intentionally selected 191 minorsof the school of the town of which 18% indicated to work in their free time.The results threw lower indicators in the working minors, but with littlesignificant results, which indicates that more than the work, the greaterproblem is the precarious conditions in which the minors live.


Subject(s)
Humans , Quality of Life , Mental Health , Job Satisfaction
19.
Rev. cuba. invest. biomed ; 18(3): 208-14, sept.-dic. 1999. graf
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-20917

ABSTRACT

Se estudió el efecto de la administración subcutánea de 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 m g de apo-morfina en 16 hombres voluntarios sanos, con el objetivo de encontrar las dosis óptimas para la inducción del bostezo en el humano sano. Se dividieron en 2 subgrupos de 8 para administrarles a cada grupo sólo 3 dosis. A todos se les administró suero fisiológico para estudiar el bostezo espontáneo (situación control). Los resultados demuestran que el rango de 8 a 10 m g es el más adecuado para la inducción del bostezo. Las dosis inferiores tuvieron poco efecto inductor, las dosis superiores produjeron efectos indeseables(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Apomorphine/administration & dosage , Yawning
20.
Rev. cuba. invest. bioméd ; 18(3): 208-214, sept.-dic. 1999. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-309256

ABSTRACT

Se estudió el efecto de la administración subcutánea de 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 m g de apo-morfina en 16 hombres voluntarios sanos, con el objetivo de encontrar las dosis óptimas para la inducción del bostezo en el humano sano. Se dividieron en 2 subgrupos de 8 para administrarles a cada grupo sólo 3 dosis. A todos se les administró suero fisiológico para estudiar el bostezo espontáneo (situación control). Los resultados demuestran que el rango de 8 a 10 m g es el más adecuado para la inducción del bostezo. Las dosis inferiores tuvieron poco efecto inductor, las dosis superiores produjeron efectos indeseables


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Apomorphine , Yawning
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