Fatal outcome of a corticosteroid resistant IgG4-related autoimmune hepatitis and IgG4-primary sclerosing cholangitis.

33-year-old woman, previously hospitalized for self-limited migratory bile duct strictures, presented with jaundice three months after giving birth. Blood analysis revealed elevated levels of aspartate aminotransaminase 1064U/L, alanine aminotransaminase 1097U/L, gamma-glutamyl transferase 194U/L, alkaline phosphatase 284U/L, bilirubin 27mg/dL and prothrombin time of 19.3s. Magnetic resonance-cholangiopancreatography revealed intrahepatic bile duct dilation with a stenosis in the common hepatic duct, not detected on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Additionally, diffuse signal abnormalities were observed in the liver parenchyma on T2 sequences. An early liver biopsy showed moderate-severe interface hepatitis with IgG4-positive plasma cell infiltration (IgG4-PPC) of 8-20cells/HPF, hepatocellular ballooning and focal rosette formation, yielding 6 points of the simplified-score for autoimmune hepatitis and treatment with methylprednisolone was initiated. Despite treatment, there was no improvement after two weeks and the patient received rituximab as a rescue treatment, but three days later, developed candida sepsis with rapid progression to multiorgan failure, ultimately resulting in death.

El sobrecrecimiento bacteriano de intestino delgado es una entidad frecuente tras gastrectomía, pero con escasa relevancia en el estado nutricional / Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth is common after gastrectomy but with little impact on nutritional status

Antecedentes: La evidencia disponible que evalúa el impacto de la presencia de sobrecrecimiento bacteriano de intestino delgado (SIBO) después de una gastrectomía es escasa. Objetivos: Evaluar la frecuencia de SIBO tras gastrectomía y su asociación con malnutrición. Describir las líneas antibióticas necesarias para su corrección y si mejora el estado nutricional. Material y métodos: Estudio de cohortes prospectivo en el ámbito de la Agencia Sanitaria Costa del Sol desde 2012 hasta 2015. Se realizó test del aliento en hidrógeno y en metano espirado con sobrecarga oral de glucosa. Recogida de variables demográficas y valoración nutricional, basal y al mes del tratamiento eficaz del SIBO. Se evaluaron las pautas antibióticas y el número de tratamientos. Resultados: Se analizaron 60 pacientes gastrectomizados, 58,3%varones. Se realizó un subanálisis de la curva a los 45min para minimizar los posibles falsos positivos con una frecuencia de SIBO del 61,6%. En presencia de SIBO, se observó una tendencia no significativa a presentar un menor IMC. Tras el tratamiento con rifaximina, el SIBO permaneció positivo en el 94,6% y tras metronidazol, en el 85,7%. El multifracaso de la terapia antibiótica fue de 67,6%. No hay cambios estadísticamente significativos en parámetros nutricionales después del tratamiento. Conclusiones: El SIBO está presente en el 61,6% de los pacientes gastrectomizados, sin que se demuestre asociación con el deterioro nutricional. Rifaximina y metronidazol son escasamente efectivos en la erradicación del SIBO. Cuando este se consigue, el efecto sobre la malnutrición es escaso, pudiendo correlacionarse con otros factores

Background: Available evidence assessing the impact of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) following gastrectomy is limited. Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of SIBO after gastrectomy and its association with malnutrition. To describe the antibiotic treatment required to correct it and if nutritional status improves. Material and methods: A prospective cohort study was performed at the Agencia Sanitaria Costa del Sol (Costa del Sol Health Agency) from 2012 to 2015. A hydrogen-methane breath test with oral glucose overload was performed. Demographic variables and nutritional parameters were collected at baseline and one month after effective treatment of SIBO. The antibiotic regimens and the number of treatment lines used were assessed. Results: Sixty gastrectomy patients were analysed, 58.3% of which were male. A sub-analysis of the curve was performed at 45min to minimise possible false positives, and SIBO was identified in 61.6% of cases. SIBO patients tended to have a lower BMI, although this trend was not statistically significant. After treatment with rifaximin, 94.6% of patients were still positive for SIBO, which fell to 85.7% after metronidazole. The rate of total antibiotic treatment failure was 67.6%. No statistically significant changes were found in nutritional parameters after treatment. Conclusions: SIBO was identified in 61.6% of patients after gastrectomy. No correlation was found with any malnutrition parameter. Rifaximin and metronidazole were found to be largely ineffective in eradicating SIBO. When treatment was effective, the impact on malnutrition was negligible and may have been associated with other factors

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth is common after gastrectomy but with little impact on nutritional status. / El sobrecrecimiento bacteriano de intestino delgado es una entidad frecuente tras gastrectomía, pero con escasa relevancia en el estado nutricional.

BACKGROUND: Available evidence assessing the impact of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) following gastrectomy is limited. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prevalence of SIBO after gastrectomy and its association with malnutrition. To describe the antibiotic treatment required to correct it and if nutritional status improves. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective cohort study was performed at the Agencia Sanitaria Costa del Sol (Costa del Sol Health Agency) from 2012 to 2015. A hydrogen-methane breath test with oral glucose overload was performed. Demographic variables and nutritional parameters were collected at baseline and one month after effective treatment of SIBO. The antibiotic regimens and the number of treatment lines used were assessed. RESULTS: Sixty gastrectomy patients were analysed, 58.3% of which were male. A sub-analysis of the curve was performed at 45min to minimise possible false positives, and SIBO was identified in 61.6% of cases. SIBO patients tended to have a lower BMI, although this trend was not statistically significant. After treatment with rifaximin, 94.6% of patients were still positive for SIBO, which fell to 85.7% after metronidazole. The rate of total antibiotic treatment failure was 67.6%. No statistically significant changes were found in nutritional parameters after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: SIBO was identified in 61.6% of patients after gastrectomy. No correlation was found with any malnutrition parameter. Rifaximin and metronidazole were found to be largely ineffective in eradicating SIBO. When treatment was effective, the impact on malnutrition was negligible and may have been associated with other factors.

Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome Like Reactive Hemophagocytic Syndrome Associated with Disseminated Histoplasmosis in a HIV Patient.

We describe an unusual clinical association of disseminated histoplasmosis with reactive hemophagocytic syndrome. We report the case of a new HIV-positive patient with reconstitution inflammatory syndrome like reactive hemophagocytic syndrome associated with disseminated histoplasmosis. We describe the clinical case, the procedures performed, the treatment provided and the patient's evolution. A figure of liver biopsy Grocott's silver methenamine stain that shows lots of uniform ovoid yeasts in portal spaces' macrophages that supports the diagnosis of disseminated histoplasmosis in our case.

Leishmaniasis con afectación colónica en paciente VIH: a propósito de un caso / Colonic leishmaniasis in a patient with HIV: a case report

Introducción: describir un cuadro poco habitual como es la leishmaniasis visceral con afectación colónica. Caso clínico: presentamos el caso de un paciente VIH positivo con leishmaniasis visceral. Se describe el caso clínico, con los procedimientos realizados, el tratamiento y su evolución. Se adjunta tabla comparativa de los casos publicados de leishmaniasis con afectación de colon. Discusión: la afectación intestinal en la leishmaniasis visceral es un proceso infrecuente, que debe incluirse en el diagnóstico diferencial en todo paciente inmunodeprimido con clínica de diarrea y que requiere un diagnóstico precoz y tratamiento adecuado, del que depende el pronóstico del paciente (AU)

Background: To describe an unusual clinical presentation of visceral leishmaniasis affecting the colon. Case report: We report the case of an HIV-positive patient with visceral leishmaniasis. We describe the clinical case, the procedures performed, the treatment provided and the patient’s evolution. A comparative table of previously reported similar cases is shown. Discussion: Visceral leishmaniasis with intestinal involvement is an uncommon process. Nevertheless, this possibility should be taken into consideration in the differential diagnosis of immunosuppressed patients with symptoms of diarrhea, as a favorable prognosis depends on early diagnosis and appropriate treatment (AU)

Colonic leishmaniasis in a patient with HIV: a case report.

BACKGROUND: To describe an unusual clinical presentation of visceral leishmaniasis affecting the colon. CASE REPORT: We report the case of an HIV-positive patient with visceral leishmaniasis. We describe the clinical case, the procedures performed, the treatment provided and the patient's evolution. A comparative table of previously reported similar cases is shown. DISCUSSION: Visceral leishmaniasis with intestinal involvement is an uncommon process. Nevertheless, this possibility should be taken into consideration in the differential diagnosis of immunosuppressed patients with symptoms of diarrhea, as a favorable prognosis depends on early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Invasión del espacio linfovascular en lesión intraepitelial escamosa de alto grado de cérvix. ¿Realidad o artefacto? / Lymphovascular space invasion in high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion of the cervix. Reality or artefact?

Introducción. La conización con asa diatérmica (loop electro excision procedure) es un procedimiento diagnóstico y terapéutico simple y de uso extendido en lesiones cervicales. Es generalmente empleado de forma ambulatoria bajo anestesia general. Sujetos y métodos. Describimos el hallazgo de un caso de invasión linfovascular en la conización de una lesión intraepitelial escamosa de alto grado de cérvix. Conclusiones. A pesar de la controversia creada en torno al significado pronóstico de la invasión linfovascular, su presencia excluye el tratamiento conservador (AU)

Background. The loop electro excision procedure is a simple and widely used diagnostic and therapeutic technique in cervical lesions. This procedure is usually performed in the ambulatory setting under local anaesthesia. Subjects and methods. We describe a case of lymphovascular space invasion detected in the cone biopsy of a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion of the cervix. Conclusions. Although the prognostic significance of LVSI is controversial, its identification precludes conservative treatments (AU)