ABSTRACT
Metabolomics uses several analytical tools to identify the chemical diversity of metabolites present in organisms. These metabolites are low molecular weight molecules (<1500 Da) classified as a final or intermediary product of metabolic processes. The application of this omics technology has become prominent in inferring physiological conditions through reporting on the phenotypic state; therefore, the introduction of metabolomics into clinical studies has been growing in recent years due to its efficiency in discriminating pathophysiological states. Regarding endocrine diseases, there is a great interest in verifying comprehensive and individualized physiological scenarios, in particular for growth hormone deficiency (GHD). The current GHD diagnostic tests are laborious and invasive and there is no exam with ideal reproducibility and sensitivity for diagnosis neither standard GH cut-off point. Therefore, this review was focussed on articles that applied metabolomics in the search for new biomarkers for GHD. The present work shows that the applications of metabolomics in GHD are still limited, since the little complementarily of analytical techniques, a low number of samples, GHD combined to other deficiencies, and idiopathic diagnosis shows a lack of progress. The results of the research are relevant and similar; however, their results do not provide an application for clinical practice due to the lack of multidisciplinary actions that would be needed to mediate the translation of the knowledge produced in the laboratory, if transferred to the medical setting.
Subject(s)
Dwarfism, Pituitary , Human Growth Hormone , Metabolomics , Biomarkers , Dwarfism, Pituitary/diagnosis , Human Growth Hormone/deficiency , Humans , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
Diante da competitividade crescente, a gestão de estoques é necessária para evitar os altos custos com os produtos, diminuir o capital total investido pela empresa no estoque, além de evitar a falta de produtos para os clientes. Este trabalho visa a trazer uma abordagem teórico-prática a respeito da gestão de estoque de medicamentos, tendo como exemplo uma farmácia do Serviço de Atenção à Saúde (SAS). A metodologia aplicada consistiu em três partes. A primeira foi uma pesquisa bibliográfica para a construção do modelo teórico; a segunda foi o estudo de caso na farmácia do SAS; e a terceira etapa referiu-se a propostas de melhorias para uma gestão de estoque de qualidade dos medicamentos, com o objetivo de garantir o acesso da população a medicamentos seguros e eficazes. Na farmácia estudada, não havia uma padronização dos procedimentos realizados, desencadeando a falta de critérios técnicos, que impossibilitou a realização dos cálculos necessários para o controle de estoque de qualidade, sendo necessária a realização de uma contagem dos produtos existentes, para servir de ponto de partida do trabalho. Este trabalho indicou duas propostas de gestão de estoque: as fichas de prateleiras, que são ferramentas mais simples e a um custo acessível de serem executadas, e o programa de gerenciamento de materiais. Deve existir regulamentação dos procedimentos operacionais padrões entre estudantes e funcionários e estabelecer-se a divisão de trabalho com as devidas responsabilidades.
In an increasingly competitive market, the management of medication supplies is needed to avoid the high costs of pro-ducts, reduce the total capital invested by the company, and avoid a lack of products to clients. This study aims to bring a practical-theoretical approach regarding the management of medication supplies, having as an example a pharmacy of the Health Care Service (SAS). The methodology consisted in three parts: first a literature search was done to construct the theoretical model, then we did a case study in the SAS pharmacy and in the third stage we examined proposals for improvements in order to reach a quality management of medicine supplies for offering the population access to safe and effective medicines. At the pharmacy studied, there was not procedures standardization, causing a lack of technical crite-ria, which precluded the calculations required for quality inventory control, and this made necessary to count the existing products before beginning the study. This study proposed two proposals for inventory management: the form of shelves, which are more simple tools requiring fewer expenses to be executed, and material management program. There should be rules for standard operating procedures for both students and staff and the establishment of the division of labor with appropriate responsibilities for each.