The Association of Teen Pregnancy and Violence: A Multilevel Study in Colombia.

Background: Colombia has a high teen pregnancy (TP) rate. In 2018, one in five pregnancies was from teen mothers between 10 and 19 years of age. While TP rates are declining globally, Colombia's TP rate decline has been particularly low, despite sexual education and contraception campaigns. Other factors must be studied to prevent TP. Colombia has a long history of violence. We aim to assess whether there is a relationship between TP and exposure to violence in Colombia. Methods: Data from the Colombian Demographic and Health Survey 2015 and the Colombian National Department of Statistics were analyzed for association between TP and sexual violence, physical violence, physical punishment as a child, and community violence. Univariate, bivariate, multivariate, and multilevel binary logistic regression models were calculated using SPSS v.25 and HLM v.7. Results: Fifteen percent of teens were pregnant. Emotional violence was reported by 47%, sexual harassment by 27%, physical violence by 17%, physical punishment as a child by 7%, and unwanted sex by 2%. Unwanted sex (odds ratio [OR]: 3.18, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.96-5.16), sexual harassment (OR: 2.43, 95% CI: 1.89-3.14), and physical punishment (OR: 20.30, 95% CI: 7.96-22.81) were associated with adolescent pregnancy. In unadjusted models, emotional violence was associated (OR: 1.22, 95% CI 1.06-1.40) and community violence showed a tendency (OR: 1.24, 95% CI: 0.99-1.55). Physical violence was not associated. Conclusions: Violence exposure and particularly physical punishment, unwanted sex and sexual harassment were associated with TP incidence and should be considered risk factors for TP.

Resilience mediates the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in a sample of adults in Panama.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic was characterized by global increases in depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. Previous studies have shown that resilience mitigates these symptoms, however there is limited research exploring the link between resilience and mental illness during the COVID-19 pandemic in Central America. Objective: To examine the role of resilience as it relates to the perceived effect of the pandemic on mental health symptoms. Methods: A sample of 480 adults in Panama were recruited from March to May 2021 to complete an online survey. The online survey consisted of sociodemographic questions and scale measures assessing depression, anxiety and stress symptoms, resilience, and social support. Results: Results indicated that resilience mediated the relationship between the perceived effect of the COVID-19 pandemic and mental health symptoms; participants who felt more personally affected by the pandemic reported more depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms via decreased resilience. Further analyses revealed that resilience was moderated by sex and social support, showing that the indirect effect of resilience was greater for women and individuals who perceived low social support. Discussion: These findings contribute to a growing body of research documenting the adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and reveal potential mechanisms through which pandemic-related distress decreases resilience, thereby increasing symptoms of mental illness.

Population status of selenium in Colombia and associated factors: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to investigate the population status of selenium in Colombia and other associated factors. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, in population of urban or rural origin (n=412). Main outcome measures were: median serum selenium, thyrotropin, the prevalence of and positivity of anti-thyroid peroxidase, anti-thyroglobulin, and anti-TSH receptor. RESULTS: This study found that 96.6% of the subjects had normal selenium levels, and no significant associations were found between the population median of selenium and overweight/obesity, sociodemographic variables, age, goiter, and thyroid antibody positivity. CONCLUSIONS: In Colombia, the population status of selenium is normal, and the geological characteristics may contribute to the state of selenium in this population. However, additional studies are required to evaluate the content of selenium in plants and other foods.

Psychosocial response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Panama.

Background: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated restrictions on mental health is being studied. Objective: To analyze the psychosocial response to the COVID-19 pandemic in adults residing in Panama. Methods: A community sample of 480 adult residents of Panama completed a survey that included sociodemographic questions, COVID-19 related questions (e.g., health concerns regarding the virus, knowledge and behaviors in biosafety) and scales of stress, anxiety, depression, prosocial behavior, resilience, perceived social support, and insomnia. Results: Most of the participants (>60%) reported being negatively affected by the pandemic. Women experienced greater depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms than men, and age was negatively associated with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. Self-perceived health status and self-perceived social support were negatively associated with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. Self-perceived social isolation was positively associated with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. Psychiatric illness and insomnia were positively associated with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms, whereas psychological resilience was negatively associated with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. Discussion: These results corroborate other studies regarding COVID-19 and mental health. This study highlights the need for specific prevention and intervention mechanisms related to the COVID-19 pandemic in different population groups. This is the first report of the psychological impact of COVID-19 in the general Panamanian population and one of the only studies in the Latin American region and, therefore, contributes to research in the Latino population and lower-middle income countries.

Altitude and Quality of Life of Older People in Colombia: A Multilevel Study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between municipality altitude and quality of life (QOL) of older people in Colombia. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with data from the Colombian Demographic and Health Survey Older Adult Questionnaire 2015 (N = 13,970). QOL was measured in six domains: physical health, psychological health, functional status, social relations, medical history and economic status. Regression analyses were carried out adjusting by individual and contextual level variables. RESULTS: Low altitude was associated with better QOL: physical health (OR = 1.92, 95%CI 1.47-2.52), psychological health (OR = 1.59, 95%CI 1.26-2.00), functional status (OR=1.80, 95%CI 1.45-2.23), social relations (OR = 2.16 95%CI 1.73-2.70), and medical history (OR = 1.57, 95%CI 1.37-1.81). Economic status was not associated with altitude. DISCUSSION: Living at high altitude was associated with lower QOL for Colombian older adults. This finding encourages further study of high altitude and health outcomes among older adults in Colombia and other countries with populations living at high altitudes.

Environmental impact of primary beef production chain in Colombia: Carbon footprint, non-renewable energy and land use using Life Cycle Assessment.

In Colombia, the beef production chain accounts for approximately 11.6 million cattle heads and annually produces 933 million kg of the beef carcass. There are no life cycle assessment (LCA) studies that have evaluated the environmental performance of Colombian beef systems. The present study aimed to estimate the carbon footprint (CF), non-renewable energy use, and land use of 251 cow-calf and 275 fattening farms in Colombia. The study also aimed to identify the main hotspots of adverse environmental impacts and propose possible mitigation options and their cost-effectiveness. The impact categories were estimated using the 2006 IPCC and the 2019 Refinement to 2006 IPCC guidelines, databases, and locally estimated emission factors. The functional units used were 1 kg fat and protein corrected milk (FPCM) and 1 kg live weight gain (LWG), leaving the farm gate. Three methods of allocating environmental burdens to meat and milk products were applied: economic, energy, and mass allocation. The adoption of improved pastures was considered a mitigation measure, and an economic assessment was performed to estimate the relative cost-effectiveness of its establishment. A principal component multivariate analysis and a Hierarchical Clustering on Principal Components were performed. The economic allocation method assigned a greater environmental burden to meat (83%), followed by energy content (80%) and mass production (73%). The largest sources of GHG emissions were enteric fermentation and manure deposited on pasture. Both cow-calf and fattening systems had a cluster of farms with better productivity, pasture and cattle management practices, and environmental performance. The CF for meat could be reduced by 33 to 56% for cow-calf and 21 to 25% for fattening farms, by adopting improved pastures. Therefore, our results suggest that GHG emissions can be reduced by adopting improved pastures, better agricultural management practices, efficient fertilizer usage, using the optimal stocking rate, and increasing productivity.

Chemical Characterization and Antiradical Properties of Pyroligneous Acid from a Preserved Bamboo, Guadua angustifolia Kunth

Abstract Pyroligneous acid (PA) was obtained by condensation of the vapors produced in the thermal decomposition of culms residues from Guadua angustifolia Kunth (G. angustifolia) cultivated in Colombia, with and without previous preservation treatment with borax salts. Chemical characterization by GC-MS showed that PA extracts has high content of phenolic compounds. Mequinol, isocreosol, 4-ethylphenol, 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol, 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxytoluene and 2,6-dimethoxyphenol were the most abundant substances, identified. The total phenolic content (TPC) and DPPH free radical scavenging activity, were investigated. TPC showed a concentration of 1.959 mg GA g-1±0.010 and 3.844 mg GA g-1±0.027 to PAC and PAS samples. These samples also exhibited high DPPH activity of 70.975%±0.921 and, 16.667%±0.298, respectively. The chemical composition, TPC and DPPH results indicate that the PA extracts obtained from G. angustifolia may be used as a raw material in the food industry as natural preservative, in medicine as alternative to antibiotics and in agriculture as insect repellent and foliar fertilizer.

Hipoacusia asociada con exposición al ruido en adultos jóvenes colombianos / Hearing loss associated with noise exposure in colombian young adults

Los resultados acá obtenidos sugieren que la prueba de audiometría de alta frecuencia y la prueba de otoemisiones de alta frecuencia son complementarias para la detección precoz de hipoacusia inducida por ruido, y deben ser incluidas en los estudios sobre la pérdida auditiva en jóvenes; esto permite determinar qué grupos de esos individuos son particularmente vulnerables a la pérdida auditiva y, así, enfocar las medidas preventivas

La psicología del consumidor en Colombia: una revisión bibliométrica de las publicaciones científicas indexadas / Consumer psychology in Colombia: A bibliometric review of the indexed scholarly publications

Resumen La psicología del consumidor es un campo aplicado que se vale de las aproximaciones teóricas de la ciencia psicológica para entender el comportamiento del consumidor. Históricamente, la psicología del consumidor se ha desarrollado fundamentalmente en Estados Unidos y, en la actualidad, se ha fortalecido en otros países. Sin embargo, aún no se ha estudiado la contribución de Colombia al campo de la psicología del consumidor. Por tal motivo, se efectuó un análisis bibliométrico de la producción científica en psicología del consumidor publicada en español por investigadores afiliados a instituciones colombianas. Se seleccionó una muestra de 74 artículos académicos que abordan algún aspecto del área, publicados en revistas científicas indexadas en las siguientes bases de datos: Redalyc, DOAJ, Psicodoc, Scopus, Scielo, Web of Science y Google Scholar. Se utilizaron los siguientes descriptores de búsqueda: psicología, consumidor, Colombia, psicología del consumidor, comportamiento del consumidor y consumo. Se evidenció que la producción nacional ha crecido sostenidamente en las últimas décadas y que ya comienza a tener impacto por número de citaciones; no obstante, aún requiere de mayor colaboración internacional para su consolidación.

Abstract Consumer psychology is an applied field that uses theoretical approaches to psychological science to understand consumer behavior. Historically, consumer psychology has been developed primarily in the United States and now strengthened in other countries. However, the contribution of Colombia to the field has not been studied yet. For this reason, a bibliometric analysis of the academic production in consumer psychology was carried out in Spanish by authors affiliated to Colombian institutions. It was selected a sample of 74 academic articles that addressed certain aspect of the field, published in scientific journals indexed in the following databases: Redalyc, DOAJ, Psicodoc, Scopus, Scielo, Web of Science and Google Scholar. The following descriptors were used in the search: psychology, consumer, Colombia, consumer psychology, consumer behavior and consumption. It was showed that production has grown steadily in recent decades and this starts to impact by means of citations. However, this is a national production that still requires greater international collaboration for its consolidation.

Drenaje endoscópico transgástrico de pseudoquiste pancreático en paciente pediátrico / Transgastric endoscopic drainage of pancreatic pseudocyst in a pediatric patient

Resumen Un pseudoquiste pancreático es una acumulación de líquido casi siempre estéril, rico en enzimas digestivas y jugo pancreático encapsulado en una pared de tejido fibroso y de granulación sin revestimiento epitelial, generalmente de forma ovalada o redondeada. Los pseudoquistes se pueden desarrollar por complicaciones en el páncreas que generan obstrucción o ruptura de un conducto pancreático. Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 9 años con diagnóstico de pseudoquiste pancreático con crecimiento progresivo, debido a trauma abdominal cerrado. Se realizó un manejo multidisciplinario para determinar el tratamiento. Por las características del pseudoquiste, se definió realizar un drenaje endoscópico transgástrico. El procedimiento llevado a cabo es descrito en el presente texto. El paciente evolucionó satisfactoriamente.

Abstract A pancreatic pseudocyst is an accumulation of fluid that is almost always sterile and is rich in digestive enzymes and pancreatic juice that is encapsulated in a wall of fibrous tissue and granulation tissue without an epithelial lining. They are generally oval or rounded. Pseudocysts can develop from complications in the pancreas that lead to obstruction or rupture of a pancreatic duct. We present the case of a 9-year-old male patient diagnosed with a pancreatic pseudocyst with progressive growth due to closed abdominal trauma. Multidisciplinary management determined treatment. Due to the characteristics of the pseudocyst, transgastric endoscopic drainage was used, and the procedure was carried out as described herein. The patient evolved satisfactorily.

Detection and Molecular Characterization of Zoonotic Poxviruses Circulating in the Amazon Region of Colombia, 2014.

During 2014, cutaneous lesions were reported in dairy cattle and farmworkers in the Amazon Region of western Colombia. Samples from 6 patients were analyzed by serologic and PCR testing, and results demonstrated the presence of vaccinia virus and pseudocowpox virus. These findings highlight the need for increased poxvirus surveillance in Colombia.

La habilidad de cuidado del cuidador familiar en diferentes regiones de colombia

La habilidad de cuidado es un fenómeno de interés en salud, que es susceptible de abordar, como indicador de la atención. Existen algunas similitudes y diferencias reportadas en Colombia y en América Latina, que indican una heterogeneidad; sin embargo, no existe un diagnóstico nacional contundente. El objetivo fue describir el nivel de habilidad de cuidado del cuidador familiar de personas con enfermedad crónica no transmisible (ECNT), en todas las regiones geográficas de Colombia y la relación con las características de los cuidadores. Es un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y correlacional. La muestra fue de 2.551 cuidadores familiares. Se utilizó la encuesta de caracterización de la diada y el inventario de habilidad de cuidado de Nkongho. Se encontró mediana y baja habilidad de cuidado en los cuidadores familiares; las dimensiones mejor valoradas fueron conocimiento y valor, mientras que la paciencia fue la más baja. Las regiones geográficas de Colombia presentaron niveles de habilidad similares, excepto la Amazonía, que reveló altos niveles de habilidad en todas las dimensiones. Se encontró una relación lineal negativa entre la habilidad de cuidado con la edad y el estrato y relación lineal positiva entre el tiempo y la habilidad. Se requieren intervenciones educativas para fortalecer la habilidad de cuidado de los cuidadores familiares de personas con enfermedad crónica en todas sus dimensiones, especialmente, en la paciencia.

The caring ability is a relevant phenomenon in health field, which can be addressed as healthcare indicator. In Colombia and Latin America, some similarities and differences that indicate heterogeneity do exist, nevertheless, a forceful diagnosis at the national scale is absent. The objective was to describe the caring ability level of the family caregiver of patients with Non communicable Diseases (NCDs) in all Colombian regions in relation to characteristics of caregivers; a quantitative, descriptive, correlational study was carried out. The sample comprised 2551 family caregivers. The characterization of the dyad survey, and the caring ability inventory, developed by Nkongho, were used. Medium and low caring ability level was found. The slightly affected dimensions were knowledge and value, whereas the patience dimension was the lowest. Geographic regions of Colombia showed similar patterns, except for the Colombian Amazonia, which showed high levels in all the dimensions. A negative linear relationship between caring ability with age and socioeconomic level, and a positive linear relationship between time and ability was found. Educational interventions are needed to strengthen caring ability of the family caregiver of people with chronic disease in all the dimensions, particularly in patience.

Bacterial community analysis of an industrial wastewater treatment plant in Colombia with screening for lipid-degrading microorganisms.

The operation of wastewater treatment technologies depends on a combination of physical, chemical and biological factors. Microorganisms present in wastewater treatment plants play essential roles in the degradation and removal of organic waste and xenobiotic pollutants. Several microorganisms have been used in complementary treatments to process effluents rich in fats and oils. Microbial lipases have received significant industrial attention because of their stability, broad substrate specificity, high yields, and regular supply, as well as the fact that the microorganisms producing them grow rapidly on inexpensive media. In Colombia, bacterial community studies have focused on populations of cultivable nitrifying, heterotrophic and nitrogen-fixing bacteria present in constructed wetlands. In this study, culture-dependent methods, culture-independent methods (TTGE, RISA) and enzymatic methods were used to estimate bacterial diversity, to monitor temporal and spatial changes in bacterial communities, and to screen microorganisms that presented lipolytic activity. The dominant microorganisms in the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) examined in this study belonged to the phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. The enzymatic studies performed indicated that five bacterial isolates and three fungal isolates possessed the ability to degrade lipids; additionally, the Serratia, Kosakonia and Mucor genera presented lipase-mediated transesterification activity. The implications of these findings in regard to possible applications are discussed later in this paper. Our results indicate that there is a wide diversity of aerobic Gram-negative bacteria inhabiting the different sections of the WWTP, which could indicate its ecological condition, functioning and general efficiency.

HIV and risk behaviors of persons of low socio-economic status, Popayan-Colombia (2008-2009) / VIH y comportamientos de personas en contexto de vulnerabilidad por estrato socioeconómico bajo, Popayán-Colombia(2008-2009)

Objective:To determine HIV presence and risk behaviors ofpersons of low socio-economic status in the city of Popayan-Colombia.Methods:Cross-sectional study; between 2008 and 2009, 363participants of Popayan signed informed consent and receivedpre and post HIV test counseling. Socio-demographic charac-teristics and history of STDs, risk behaviors and previous HIVtesting were assessed. Descriptive statistics, correlations andmultivariate logistic regression were calculatedResults:Mean age 33,5±10,2; 66 percentwomen. Frequency of HIV-positive patients was 3.86 percent (95 percentCI: 1.87-5.85), greater inmen (7.38 percent; p=0,013). Greater frequency of HIV-positive pa-tients was observed in people age 29-37, those without a stablepartner, and those with history of risky alcohol consumption(more than five drinks in 2 hours) .Conclusions:HIV-positive patients frequency in this popu-lation was greater than national estimate for general popula-tion, aged 15-49 in Colombia, with even greater frequency inmen. This study suggests that characteristics associated withlow socioeconomic status, in economically active population,without a stable partner and with risky alcohol use, can poten-tially increase risk of HIV infection.

HIV and risk behaviors of persons of low socio-economic status, Popayan-Colombia (2008-2009).

OBJECTIVE: To determine HIV presence and risk behaviors of persons of low socio-economic status in the city of Popayan-Colombia. METHODS: Cross-sectional study; between 2008 and 2009, 363 participants of Popayan signed informed consent and received pre and post HIV test counseling. Socio-demographic characteristics and history of STDs, risk behaviors and previous HIV testing were assessed. Descriptive statistics, correlations and multivariate logistic regression were calculated. RESULTS: Mean age 33.5±10,2; 66 %women. Frequency of HIV-positive patients was 3.86 % (95% CI:1.87-5.85), greater in men (7.38%; p= 0.013). Greater frequency of HIV-positive patients was observed in people age 29-37, those without a stable partner, and those with history of risky alcohol consumption (more than five drinks in 2 h). CONCLUSIONS: HIV-positive patients frequency in this population was greater than national estimate for general population, aged 15-49 in Colombia, with even greater frequency in men. This study suggests that characteristics associated with low socioeconomic status, in economically active population, without a stable partner and with risky alcohol use, can potentially increase risk of HIV infection.

OBJETIVOS: Determinar la frecuencia de VIH y comportamientos de personas en contexto de vulnerabilidad por estrato socioeconómico bajo de la ciudad de Popayán-Colombia. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal; entre 2008 y 2009, 363 participantes de Popayán dieron su consentimiento informado y recibieron consejería previa y posterior a la prueba del VIH. Se evaluaron características socio-demográficas, antecedentes de enfermedades de transmisión sexual, comportamientos y prueba previa del VIH. Se calcularon estadísticas descriptivas, correlaciones y regresión logística multivariada. RESULTADOS: La edad promedio 33.5 ± 10.2; 66% mujeres. La frecuencia de pacientes VIH positivo fue 3.86% (IC95: 1.87-5 .85), mayor en hombres (7.38%, p= 0.013). Personas de 29-37 años de edad, sin una pareja estable y aquellos con historia de consumir más de cinco copas de licor en dos horas seguidas presentaron mayor frecuencia de pacientes VIH positivo. CONCLUSIONES: La positividad para VIH en esta población es mayor que el estimado nacional para población general en edad 15-49, con frecuencia aún mayor en hombres. Los datos sugieren que la vulnerabilidad asociada con un estrato socioeconómico bajo en la población económicamente activa, sin una pareja estable y con consumo riesgoso de alcohol, puede aumentar potencialmente el riesgo de infección por el VIH.

Comportamientos de salud y estilos de vida en adolescentes de tres colegios del municipio de Popayán / Healthcare patterns and life styles in adolescents from three schools in Popayán, Colombia

Objetivo Identificar las prácticas saludables y conductas de riesgo en estudiantes matriculados en colegios del municipio de Popayán, durante Junio y Diciembre de 2009. Método Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en 3 colegios del municipio de Popayán que acogen una población de 1 495 estudiantes. La información se colecto a través de la Encuesta Mundial de Salud Escolar (GSHS) de la OMS. Resultados Los resultados arrojan que el 55,2 % de los adolescentes probaron el cigarrillo por primera vez entre los 10 y 12 años, la mayor frecuencia de inicio del consumo de alcohol se encuentra entre los 13 y 15 años, los episodios de soledad los experimentan alrededor de los 14 años y es preocupante la precocidad en el inicio de su actividad sexual. Conclusiones Los resultados obtenidos confirman la presencia de factores de riesgo para enfermedades crónicas, violencia e infección del VIH y otras ITS.

Objective Identifying healthy practice and risky behavior in students from Popayan in June and December 2009. Method This was across-sectional study in 3 schools in Popayan. The information was collected using the Global School Health Survey (GSHS), validated by the WHO. Results The results showed that 55.2 % of teenagers tried smoking for the first time between 10 and 12 years of age. The single largest group regarding trying/starting to drink alcohol was 13 to 15 years of age. Episodes of solitude were experienced around 14 years of age and the early onset of sexual activity was concerning. Conclusion The results confirmed the presence of risk factors for chronic diseases, violence and HIV infection in this study population.

[Healthcare patterns and life styles in adolescents from three schools in Popayán, Colombia]. / Comportamientos de salud y estilos de vida en adolescentes de tres colegios del municipio de Popayán.

OBJECTIVE: Identifying healthy practice and risky behavior in students from Popayan in June and December 2009. METHOD: This was across-sectional study in 3 schools in Popayan. The information was collected using the Global School Health Survey (GSHS), validated by the WHO. RESULTS: The results showed that 55.2 % of teenagers tried smoking for the first time between 10 and 12 years of age. The single largest group regarding trying/starting to drink alcohol was 13 to 15 years of age. Episodes of solitude were experienced around 14 years of age and the early onset of sexual activity was concerning. CONCLUSION: The results confirmed the presence of risk factors for chronic diseases, violence and HIV infection in this study population.

Características de la hospitalización en el servicio de medicina interna del Hospital San Rafael de Tunja / Characteristics of hospitalization in the service of internal medicine of the hospital san rafael in tunja

Introducción: determinar el volumen, estructura, principales causas de ingreso, estancia hospitalaria y mortalidad, en pacientes ingresados al servicio de Medicina Interna del Hospital San Rafael de Tunja, durante los meses de Agosto de 2006 y Julio de 2007. Métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se realizó una revisión exhaustiva de registros de ingreso hospitalario. La muestra son los ingresos a medicina interna. Se evaluaron las variables: género, edad, enfermedad de base, diagnóstico de ingreso, días de estancia y condición al egreso. Resultados: promedio de permanencia 6,29 días (SD= 5,38); 35,1 porciento de los pacientes permanecen hospitalizados más de 6 días; promedio de edad 61,57 años (SD= 20,28); 62,8 porciento de los pacientes son mayores de 60 años; 36,2 porciento de los pacientes son atendidos por las subespecialidades de neumología y cardiología, seguidas por el servicio de neurología (18,3 porciento); 7,1 porciento de los pacientes ingresados fallecieron en el servicio. Las principales causas de mortalidad fueron las neurológicas (27,5 porciento) seguidas por las afecciones cardiovasculares y respiratorias (24,6 porciento). Conclusiones: se recomienda estructurar y actualizar en el corto plazo protocolos guía para la atención integral de la persona con insuficiencia cardiaca y respiratoria. Conocer la ocurrencia de la morbilidad es de utilidad en la administración del servicio, porque permite articular programas de prevención y reducir el número de hospitalizaciones al igual que la estancia hospitalaria. La actualización permanente del equipo de salud en atención integral al geronte, es un indicador de gestión que contribuye a garantizar la calidad del servicio, aspecto que es evaluado para la acreditación de la Institución.