ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease accounts for 35% to 50% of the causes of mortality in chronic kidney disease. The majority of patients in substitution therapy in Mexico are subdialyzed owing to limited economic resources. This produces more cardiac deterioration than described in the statistics and has a direct impact on the prognosis of kidney transplantation. The aim of this work was to demonstrate and to quantify the improvement in the echocardiographic parameters 6 months after renal transplantation in patients with stable renal function. METHODS: This was an observational, analytic, prospective study of 23 patients with chronic kidney disease who received transplants in 2016 and had a glomerular filtration rate ≥80 mL/min (Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology Collaboration) 6 months after transplantation. RESULTS: Echocardiographic results showed an increase in the left ventricular ejection fraction from 57.17 ± 10.46% to 64.09 ± 9.8%, an increase in the right ventricular ejection fraction from 0.56 ± 0.09% to 0.60 ± 0.08% and a reduction of the pulmonary arterial systolic pressure from 44.57 ± 13.88 mm Hg to 39.74 ± 11.04 mm Hg. There were also decreases in mitral regurgitation from 1.0 to 0.43, tricuspid insufficiency from 1.35 to 0.43, pulmonary insufficiency from 0.48 to 0.04, and aortic insufficiency from 0.35 to 0.04, all of these significant with P < .05. CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant improvement in cardiovascular function in our population 6 months after transplantation, despite the fact that renal transplantation is performed with greater cardiac deterioration than described in patients in other countries.
Subject(s)
Heart Diseases/etiology , Heart Diseases/physiopathology , Kidney Transplantation , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/surgery , Aged , Echocardiography , Female , Humans , Male , Mexico , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
The large-scale production of graphene and reduced-graphene oxide (rGO) requires low-cost and eco-friendly synthesis methods. We employed a new, simple, cost-effective pyrolytic method to synthetize oxidized-graphenic nanoplatelets (OGNP) using bamboo pyroligneous acid (BPA) as a source. Thorough analyses via high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron energy-loss spectroscopy provides a complete structural and chemical description at the local scale of these samples. In particular, we found that at the highest carbonization temperature the OGNP-BPA are mainly in a sp(2) bonding configuration (sp(2) fraction of 87%). To determine the electrical properties of single nanoplatelets, these were contacted by Pt nanowires deposited through focused-ion-beam-induced deposition techniques. Increased conductivity by two orders of magnitude is observed as oxygen content decreases from 17% to 5%, reaching a value of 2.3 × 10(3) S m(-1) at the lowest oxygen content. Temperature-dependent conductivity reveals a semiconductor transport behavior, described by the Mott three-dimensional variable range hopping mechanism. From the localization length, we estimate a band-gap value of 0.22(2) eV for an oxygen content of 5%. This investigation demonstrates the great potential of the OGNP-BPA for technological applications, given that their structural and electrical behavior is similar to the highly reduced rGO sheets obtained by more sophisticated conventional synthesis methods.
Subject(s)
Electric Conductivity , Graphite , Oxidation-Reduction , Oxides , OxygenABSTRACT
America first inhabitants and peopling are still debated. In order to increase knowledge about these questions, we have aimed to detect HLA genes of an Amerindian secluded community: Jaidukama, who lives in North Colombia Equatorial forest. HLA genotyping and extended haplotype calculations were carried out in 39 healthy individuals belonging to 13 families. HLA frequencies were compared to other Amerindians and worldwide populations by calculating genetic distances, relatedness dendrograms and correspondence analyses. Only four DRB1 alleles were found (*0404, *0407, *1402 and *1602); however a total of 17 Amerindian different extended class I-class II HLA haplotypes were directly counted from the family studies, nine of them were specific of Jaidukamas. Some of the alleles or group of alleles within an extended haplotype (i.e. DQB1-DRB1) were also found in Asians and Pacific Islanders, further supporting existence of Asian and Pacific gene flow with Amerindians or a common founder effect. It is further supported that HLA extended haplotypes vary faster than alleles in populations. It is concluded that this unique model of Amerindian secluded families study suggests that rapid HLA haplotype variation may be more important than allele variation for survival (starting immune responses). This work may also be useful for future transplant programs in the area.
Subject(s)
Alleles , Asian People/genetics , HLA Antigens/genetics , Haplotypes/genetics , Indians, South American/genetics , Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander/genetics , Chromosomes, Human/genetics , Colombia , Gene Frequency/genetics , Geography , Humans , PhylogenyABSTRACT
Uros population from the Titikaka Lake live in about 42 floating reed ('totora') islands in front of Puno City (Peru) at a 4000 m high altiplano. They present both an mtDNA and a human leucocyte antigen (HLA) profile different from the surrounding populations: mtDNA A2 haplogroup is common to Uros and Amazon forest lowland Amerindians. HLA genetic distances between populations have been calculated and neighbour-joining dendrograms and correspondence analyses were carried out. Approximately 15 006 HLA chromosomes from worldwide populations have been used for comparisons. Only eight HLA-A alleles have been found, three of them accounting for most of the frequencies. The same phenomenon is seen for HLA-B, HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 alleles: a few alleles (3, 4 and 3, respectively) are present in most individuals. The presence of HLA-B*4801 and HLA-DRB1*0901 alleles in a relatively high frequency (although not the most frequent alleles found) is a characteristic shared with Asians and some populations from the Andean altiplano. Three specific Uros haplotypes have been found among the most frequent ones: HLA-A*680102-B*3505-DRB1*0403-DQB1*0302; HLA-A*2402-B*1504-DRB1*1402-DQB1*0301; and HLA-A*2402-B*4801-DRB1*0403-DQB1*0302. The present study suggests that Uros may have been one of the first populations from the shores of the Titikaka Lake coming from the Amazonian forest, which might have given rise to other later differentiated ethnic group (i.e. Aymaras). Uros HLA profile is also useful to study genetic epidemiology of diseases linked to HLA and to construct a future transplant waiting list by adding up regional lists in order to get a bigger pool for transplanting with better HLA matching.
Subject(s)
HLA Antigens/genetics , Indians, South American/genetics , Alleles , Gene Frequency , Genetic Variation , Genotype , HLA-A Antigens/genetics , HLA-B Antigens/genetics , HLA-DQ Antigens/genetics , HLA-DQ beta-Chains , HLA-DR Antigens/genetics , HLA-DRB1 Chains , Haplotypes/genetics , Humans , PeruABSTRACT
Antecedentes: En Chile, la estadística poblacional reporta 259.069 recién nacidos vivos anualmente, corregidos para el año 2001, de los cuales, 6 por ciento son prematuros. Este grupo presenta la más alta morbimortalidad neonatal, requiere prolongadas hospitalizaciones e involucra un fuerte gasto de recursos para la salud pública del país. Objetivos: Esta investigación evaluó los efectos del masaje como terapia complementaria, al tratamiento habitual de los recién nacidos prematuros del Servicio de Neonatología del Hospital San José. Método: Se realizó un ensayo clínico de casos y controles que incluyó al azar 40 niños menores de 37 semanas de edad gestacional e inferior a 1.700 g al nacer que no presentaban condiciones patológicas al momento del estudio y que fueron agrupados por peso y edad gestacional al inicio de la intervención y pareados posteriormente por edad gestacional y categoría de peso de nacimiento (pequeño, normal o grande para la edad gestacional). Los padres de los niños fueron capacitados en masaje shiatsu y lo aplicaron a sus hijos por 15 minutos, tres veces al día, seis días alternos, por dos semanas. Se registró peso de inicio y diario en ambos grupos y días de hospitalización. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante test t de Student para datos no pareados. Resultados: Los niños masajeados aumentaron en promedio, 14 gramos diarios más que el grupo control (p=0,0001) y permanecieron 15 días menos hospitalizados (p=0,0169). Conclusión: El masaje shiatsu produce una más rápida ganancia de peso en niños prematuros. Aplicando esta técnica a niños de 1000 gal nacer se ahorraría en promedio $1.216.000 por niño, sólo por concepto de días cama de hospitalización y una potencial ganancia en el desarrollo psicomotor.
Background: In Chile every year 259.069 childs were borned, 6 percent of them are prematures. This group has the highest neonatal mortality and morbidity, spending prolonged hospitalizations and monetary resources for the public health of Chile. Objective: This investigation looks for the effects of massage as a complementan/ therapy to the common treatment of our hospitalized prematures babies at the Neonatal Unit of San José Hospital. Method: We performed a clinic assay of cases and controls that included 40 babies under 37 weeks of gestation and less than 1700 g which had no pathologies. They were classified by weight and gestational age at the beginning of the assay and compared by weight and gestational age at the end of the study. Parents were trained in shiatsu massage and they applied it to their babies 15 minutes, 3 times per day, 6 every other days during 2 weeks. We registered the initial weight and then daily and hospitalization days in both groups. Statistical analysis was performed by test t student for data no paired. Results: The group of babies stimulated by massage, increased their weight 14 g per day in average more than the control group (p=0.0001) and spent 15 days less of hospitalization (p=0.0169). Conclusions: The shiatsu massage produces a fast gain of weight in newborns prematures babies. Applying this therapy to babies under 1000 g, we can save $1,216,000 per baby, just only for hospitalization concept and a potential gain in psychomotor development.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant Care/methods , Infant, Premature , Massage/education , Neonatology/methods , Parent-Child Relations , Case-Control Studies , Chile , Gestational Age , Health Education , Length of Stay , Massage/methods , Physical Stimulation , Weight GainABSTRACT
The chromosomal distribution of telomeric repeat pAtT4 from Arabidopsis thaliana and telomeric associated repetitive sequence HvT01 from Hordeum vulgare have been studied by FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) in two accessions (H1 and H7) of Hordeum chilense. The telomeric sequence pAtT4 is present at the end of all chromosome arms in H1 and H7 accessions. In contrast, the telomeric associated sequence homologous to HvT01 showed variability for size, intensity and position of the signals for each line. In H1, HvT01 was present in every chromosome whereas only four chromosomes were labeled in H7 accession. Physical distribution of GAA-satellite sequence on both H1 and H7 metaphase chromosomes was also studied. Polymorphism for hybridization signals between the two accessions for GAA-banding pattern was also found. Based on differences in position and intensity of the hybridization signals found for both GAA and HvT01-homologous sequences, karyotypes for the in situ hybridization patterns are presented for H1 and H7 accessions of H. chilense.
Subject(s)
Hordeum/genetics , In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence , Telomere , Molecular ProbesABSTRACT
En treinta años se ha transitado de la endoscopía diagnóstica a la endoscopía terapéutica, abriendo nuevos campos. De la misma forma, se ha requerido pasar de la sedación conciente con benzodiazepinas asociadas o no a los narcóticos, a la sedación profunda con Propofol, con o sin narcóticos, idealmente en manos del anestesiológo. Esta situación, supone la necesidad la necesidad de integración del endoscopista con el anestesiólogo, en función del beneficio y seguridad del paciente. Correspondiendo al anestesiólogo familiarizarse con los nuevos procedimientos, tomar la iniciativa de salir del pabellón de cirugía tradicional para realizar la anestesia en la sala de endoscopía. Estas deben ser equipadas de acuerdo a las nuevas Guías Internacionales, junto con dar los argumentos costo/beneficio a los administradores, para invertir el monitoreo, rescatar del viejo pabellón quirúrgico todas las ventajas y lecciones allí aprendidas, dejando atrás la rigidez y los defectos de éstos. Al endoscopista intervensionista, corresponde asegurar calidad y seguridad a su paciente, aprovechando las lecciones aprendidas por la anestesiología en tantos años; ellas son válidas en cualquier lugar que se aplique anestesia o sedación. A falta del anestesiólogo, cabe al operarador aplicar recursos de prevención y adquirir entrenamiento en el manejo de las emergencias cardiorespiratorias, manejo de la vía aérea, así como garantizar la seguridad total en la suite endoscópica.
Subject(s)
Humans , Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal , Hypnotics and Sedatives/administration & dosage , Hypnotics and Sedatives/adverse effects , Premedication , Anesthesia/methods , Anesthesia , Emergencies , Intubation, IntratrachealABSTRACT
The new 2000 Guidelines of International Resuscitation Commitee recomended vasopressin as an alternative to epinephrine. We review current scientific evidence. In spite of good results in animal and human study at the begining of 2000, there are not RCT that support the vasopressin as a better alternative.
Subject(s)
Epinephrine/pharmacology , Epinephrine/therapeutic use , Heart Arrest/drug therapy , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/methods , Vasopressins/pharmacology , Vasopressins/therapeutic use , PrognosisABSTRACT
Intergenomic translocations between wheat, Hordeum chilense and Hordeum vulgare have been obtained in tritordeum background. Advanced lines from the crosses between three disomic chromosome addition lines for chromosome 2Hv, 3Hv, and 4Hv of barley (Hordeum vulgare) in Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring (CS) and hexaploid tritordeum (2n = 6x = 42, AABBHchHch) were analyzed. Multicolor FISH using both genomic DNA from H. chilense and H. vulgare were used to establish the presence and numbers of H. vulgare introgressions into tritordeum. Interspecific H. vulgare/H. chilense and intergeneric wheat/H. vulgare and wheat/H. chilense translocations were identified. Frequencies of plants containing different kinds of intergenomic translocations between chromosome arms are presented. These lines can be useful for introgressing into tritordeum characters of interest from H. vulgare.
Subject(s)
Genes, Plant , Hordeum/genetics , Translocation, Genetic , Triticum/genetics , Chromosomes , In Situ Hybridization , In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence , PloidiesABSTRACT
A study was conducted in 1996 and 1997 in 31 Cuban cities having a population greater than 35,000, in order to determine if there was a relationship between drinking water quality and the frequency of acute diarrheal diseases (ADD). We used the level of disinfection (based on chlorine concentration) as well as the level of bacterial contamination (based on the presence of coliform bacteria) as water quality indicators, and the frequency of ADD was calculated on the basis of the number of visits (per 100,000 inhabitants) to individual family physicians and to physicians on call in hospitals and polyclinics that were prompted by ADD. Weekly determinations of chlorine concentrations and monthly measurements of bacterial contamination were performed by taking daily water samples at 2,045 key sites along the water distribution channels in the cities included in the study. In 1996 and 1997, the percentages of samples with good chlorination (residual chlorine > or = 0.3 mg/L) for the entire country were 72.4% and 74.8%, respectively, whereas the percentages of samples with little bacterial contamination (most probable number [MPN] of fecal coliform bacteria < or = 9.2/100 mL) were 87.0% and 76.5%, respectively. Logistic regression revealed, at the local level, an inverse correlation between each of these percentages and the number of medical consultations for ADD (per 100,000 inhabitants), although it was not statistically significant. These results allowed the authors to stratify the cities included in the study according to their different levels of risk for ADD: high risk (23 cities), moderate risk (8 cities), and low risk (0 cities).
Subject(s)
Diarrhea/epidemiology , Water Supply , Chlorine , Cuba/epidemiology , Humans , Water Microbiology , Water PurificationABSTRACT
Se presenta un modelo experimental desarrollado para evaluar el rol que juega la válvula ileocecal en la continencia del reservorio tipo Indiana. Se confeccionó en cuatro perros, un reservorio con dos mecanismos valvulares extraluminales que diferían sólo en la presencia de la válvula ileocecal. El mecanismo que no contaba con válvula ileocecal y que sólo dependió de la plicatura del asa, demostró mayores presiones de filtración y mejor continencia que el mecanismo clásico de Indiana. Se concluye que es posible obtener continencia con mecanismos extraluminales, exclusivamente con el aumento de la resistencia del asa a exteriorizar
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Urinary Diversion/methods , Ileocecal Valve/transplantationSubject(s)
Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Hypertension , Methyldopa , Verapamil , PlacebosABSTRACT
Dado el hallazgo en Cuba y por primera vez en America del Angiostrongylus cantonensis nos propusimos determinar la presencia de este parasito en las provincias habaneras.Se colectaron 2.720 moluscos y 20 ratas.Se obtuvieron 16 especies de moluscos de los cuales, 10 fueron positivos. En el 90% de las ratas capturadas se encontraron adultos de A. cantonensis. En el 100% y 89,5% de los municipios de C. Habana y Habana, respectivamente, se hallaron moluscos con larvas de segundo y tercer estadio o ambos inclusive. Se reporta una nueva subespecie de moluscos positivos. (Bradybaena similaris honkonensis) y una nueva especie de rata (Rattus rattus)