Integrated approach for improving mechanical and high-temperature properties of fast-growing poplar wood using lignin-controlled treatment combined with densification.

Previous studies on the modification of fast-growing wood have extensively examined the effects of density and lignin content on the strength and high-temperature properties of modified wood. However, a comprehensive quantitative analysis of their effects on high-temperature performance remains insufficient. To address this knowledge gap, we applied alkali treatment and compression densification to fast-growing poplar, resulting in modified specimens with varying densities and lignin levels. The quantitative effects of density and lignin content on high-temperature properties were meticulously evaluated. Chemical changes were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), while the mechanical and high-temperature properties were comprehensively assessed. Delignification was found to be positively correlated with treatment duration, with hemicellulose degradation also detected via FT-IR analysis. Significant enhancements were recorded in flexural strength, tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity, accompanied by improvements in ductility ratio and compressive strength. The modified poplar wood exhibited increased thermal stability at elevated temperatures. Furthermore, density and lignin content were identified as significant factors affecting high-temperature performance, establishing minimum density thresholds for various lignin contents in modified poplar wood to ensure optimal performance. This study enhances to the understanding of the intricate relationships among wood properties, modification techniques, and high-temperature performance.

Understanding the differential impact of PFOS and F-53B pollution on reed-mediated soil organic matter decomposition: Insights from rhizosphere priming effect.

Plants affect soil microorganisms through the release of root exudates under pollution stress. This process may affect rhizosphere priming effect (RPE) and alter the rate of soil organic matter decomposition. However, the influence of plants on the decomposition of organic matter in soil subjected to pollution stress remains unclear. We studied the effects of exposure to perfluorooctanesulfonic (PFOS) and its alternative, chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic (F-53B), at concentrations of 0.1 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg on the RPE of reed. We conducted our experiments in an artificial climate chamber and used the natural 13C tracer method to determine RPE. In the PFOS-exposed groups, the RPE was negative, with values of -11.45 mg C kg-1 soil d-1 in the low PFOS group and -8.04 mg C kg-1 soil d-1 in the high PFOS group. In contrast, in the F-53B-exposed groups, the RPE was positive, with values of 8.26 mg C kg-1 soil d-1 in the low F-53B group and 12.18 mg C kg-1 soil d-1 in the high F-53B group. Exposure of reeds to PFOS/F-53B stress resulted in differential effects on extracellular enzyme activities. The observed positive and negative RPE phenomena could be attributed to variations in extracellular enzyme activities. In conclusion, RPE responded differently under PFOS/F-53B exposure.

Glucose metabolism in glioma: an emerging sight with ncRNAs.

Glioma is a primary brain tumor that grows quickly, has an unfavorable prognosis, and can spread intracerebrally. Glioma cells rely on glucose as the major energy source, and glycolysis plays a critical role in tumorigenesis and progression. Substrate utilization shifts throughout glioma progression to facilitate energy generation and biomass accumulation. This metabolic reprogramming promotes glioma cell proliferation and metastasis and ultimately decreases the efficacy of conventional treatments. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are involved in several glucose metabolism pathways during tumor initiation and progression. These RNAs influence cell viability and glucose metabolism by modulating the expression of key genes of the glycolytic pathway. They can directly or indirectly affect glycolysis in glioma cells by influencing the transcription and post-transcriptional regulation of oncogenes and suppressor genes. In this review, we discussed the role of ncRNAs in the metabolic reprogramming of glioma cells and tumor microenvironments and their abnormal expression in the glucometabolic pathway in glioma. In addition, we consolidated the existing theoretical knowledge to facilitate the use of this emerging class of biomarkers as biological indicators and potential therapeutic targets for glioma.

LINC00665 aggravates the malignant phenotypes in chondrosarcoma cells through miR-665/FGF9 pathway.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been demonstrated to participate in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, including tumor initiation and development. Nevertheless, few of them have been investigated in chondrosarcoma. Here, we were intended to unveil the role of long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 665 (LINC00665) in chondrosarcoma. RT-qPCR was adopted for gene expression detection. The biological processes in chondrosarcoma cells were detected by CCK-8, EdU, TUNEL, Transwell and wound healing assays. The relationships between genes in chondrosarcoma cells were evaluated by a series of mechanism experiments including RIP, luciferase reporter assays and so on.LINC00665 expressed at a high level in chondrosarcoma cell lines. LINC00665 interference suppressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion in chondrosarcoma. Besides, LINC00665 interacted with microRNA-665 (miR-665), which was then verified to be down-regulated in chondrosarcoma cells. Additionally, LINC00665 and miR-665 were mutually inhibited by each other in chondrosarcoma cells. Importantly, LINC00665 stimulated fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) expression in chondrosarcoma cells via sponging miR-665. Furthermore, FGF9 participated in the regulation of LINC00665-promoted chondrosarcoma development. CONCLUSION: LINC00665 facilitates chondrosarcoma progression via miR-665/FGF9 axis, which might indicate a new path for the treatment of chondrosarcoma.

Study on pro-inflammatory effect and mechanism of galectin-9 (LGALS9) in osteoarthritis: Exacerbating inflammatory response by activating JNK and ERK1/2 pathways.

Galectin-9 (LGALS9) plays an important role in the occurrence and development of many diseases, including immunity, infection, cancer, etc. Studies have found that LGALS9 can phosphorylate ERK1/2 in the MAPK pathway. However, there is currently no clear conclusion on the role of LGALS9 in OA, and it is worth further exploring the regulatory role and mechanism of LGALS9 in OA in this study. In the initial stage, we collected 6 cases of hip joint soft tissue from normal individuals and 6 cases from OA patients clinically to analyze the differential expression of LGALS9 between normal individuals and OA patients; Subsequently, RNAi technology was used to preliminarily clarify the regulatory role of LGALS9 in an in vitro OA model; Then, lentivirus was used to knock down and overexpress LGALS9, and in vivo and in vitro OA models were constructed. QRT-PCR, western blot, safranin fast green staining (SO), immunofluorescence and other experimental methods were used to quantitatively analyze inflammatory and signaling pathway indicators, further improving the regulatory effect of LGALS9 on inflammation and the pathogenesis of OA.

Enhancing treatment performance of Chlorella pyrenoidosa on levofloxacin wastewater through microalgae-bacteria consortia: Mechanistic insights using the transcriptome.

Microalgae-bacteria consortia (MBC) system has been shown to enhance the efficiency of microalgae in wastewater treatment, yet its effectiveness in treating levofloxacin (LEV) wastewater remains unexplored. This study compared the treatment of LEV wastewater using pure Chlorella pyrenoidosa (PA) and its MBC constructed with activated sludge bacteria. The results showed that MBC improved the removal efficiency of LEV from 3.50-5.41 % to 33.62-57.20 % by enhancing the growth metabolism of microalgae. The MBC increased microalgae biomass and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) secretion, yet reduced photosynthetic pigment content compared to the PA. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota are the major bacteria in MBC. Furthermore, the transcriptome reveals that the growth-promoting effects of MBC are associated with the up-regulation of genes encoding the glycolysis, the citrate cycle (TCA cycle), and the pentose phosphate pathway. Enhanced carbon fixation, coupled with down-regulation of photosynthetic electron transfer processes, suggests an energy allocation mechanism within MBC. The up-regulation of porphyrin and arachidonic acid metabolism, along with the expression of genes encoding LEV-degrading enzymes, provides evidence of MBC's superior tolerance to and degradation of LEV. Overall, these findings lead to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms through which MBC outperforms PA in treating LEV wastewater.

Splicing of Helix Framework in Modified Nagata Method Stage I for Auricle Reconstruction in Patients With Insufficient 8th Rib Cartilage.

BACKGROUND: The 8th rib cartilage was sometimes insufficient to construct a complete external helix in ear reconstruction for microtia. The aim of this study was to investigate the splicing technique of 8th rib cartilage in modified Nagata method stage I. METHODS: Between September 2022 and May 2023, 231 consecutive patients with microtia underwent auricular reconstruction with modified Nagata method stage I. Thirty-four patients with insufficient 8th rib cartilage were screened out by three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography preoperatively, who were included in the study prospectively. The 8th rib was spliced to create the external helix when fabricating the ear framework in the stage I surgery for the 34 patients. The median duration of follow-up was 12.1 months (8-15 months). RESULTS: There were no perioperative complications in our study. During follow-up, all patients had satisfying outcomes, with no inward collapse, displacement, or absorption of the spliced external helix. The splicing point was not obvious. CONCLUSIONS: It was safe and effective to splice the 8th rib cartilage for external helix of the cartilage framework in ear reconstruction for microtia.

Relative effects of serratus anterior plane block performed with dexmedetomidine combined with ropivacaine or ropivacaine alone on quality of recovery in children undergoing ear reconstruction.

BACKGROUND: Dexmedetomidine (Dex) as a local anesthesia adjuvant for nerve block procedures can improve the quality of patient recovery. However, the impact of using Dex as a local anesthetic adjuvant for serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) procedures on recovery quality for children undergoing ear reconstruction remains unclear. METHODS: Eighty-four patients who underwent ear reconstruction with autogenous costal cartilage (ACC) were randomized into two groups (n = 42/group) in which SAPB was performed with ropivacaine alone (R group) and with Dex and ropivacaine (DR group). Primary outcomes were patient 15-item quality of recovery (QoR-15) scale scores on days 1 and 2 post-surgery. Secondary outcomes included postoperative rest and coughing numerical rating scale (NRS) chest pain scores, duration of analgesia, oral rescue analgesic usage, and opioid-related side effects. RESULTS: Forty patients per group completed the study. QoR-15 scores on days 1 and 2 post-surgery in the DR group were significantly increased relative to the R group (126.35 ± 9.81 vs. 115.53 ± 8.58 and 131.78 ± 8.67 vs. 122.80 ± 8.59, all P < 0.001). Rest and coughing NRS chest pain scores at 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h postoperatively in the DR group were all significantly lower relative to the R group (all P < 0.05). The DR group also exhibited significantly longer analgesic duration (P < 0.001) and significantly reduced incidences of oral rescue analgesic usage and opioid-related side effect (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Combining Dex and ropivacaine for SAPB in children undergoing ear reconstruction with ACC can significantly improve the quality of recovery, quality of analgesia, and analgesic duration.

Force and the α-C-terminal domains bias RNA polymerase recycling.

After an RNA polymerase reaches a terminator, instead of dissociating from the template, it may diffuse along the DNA and recommence RNA synthesis from the previous or a different promoter. Magnetic tweezers were used to monitor such secondary transcription and determine the effects of low forces assisting or opposing translocation, protein roadblocks, and transcription factors. Remarkably, up to 50% of Escherichia coli (E. coli) RNA polymerases diffused along the DNA after termination. Force biased the direction of diffusion (sliding) and the velocity increased rapidly with force up to 0.7 pN and much more slowly thereafter. Sigma factor 70 (σ70) likely remained associated with the DNA promoting sliding and enabling re-initiation from promoters in either orientation. However, deletions of the α-C-terminal domains severely limited the ability of RNAP to turn around between successive rounds of transcription. The addition of elongation factor NusG, which competes with σ70 for binding to RNAP, limited additional rounds of transcription. Surprisingly, sliding RNA polymerases blocked by a DNA-bound lac repressor could slowly re-initiate transcription and were not affected by NusG, suggesting a σ-independent pathway. Low forces effectively biased promoter selection suggesting a prominent role for topological entanglements that affect RNA polymerase translocation.

Fecal microbiota from patients with Parkinson's disease intensifies inflammation and neurodegeneration in A53T mice.

AIMS: We evaluated the potential of Parkinson's disease (PD) fecal microbiota transplantation to initiate or exacerbate PD pathologies and investigated the underlying mechanisms. METHODS: We transplanted the fecal microbiota from PD patients into mice by oral gavage and assessed the motor and intestinal functions, as well as the inflammatory and pathological changes in the colon and brain. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing combined with metabolomics analysis was conducted to assess the impacts of fecal delivery on the fecal microbiota and metabolism in recipient mice. RESULTS: The fecal microbiota from PD patients increased intestinal inflammation, deteriorated intestinal barrier function, intensified microglia and astrocyte activation, abnormal deposition of α-Synuclein, and dopaminergic neuronal loss in the brains of A53T mice. A mechanistic study revealed that the fecal microbiota of PD patients stimulated the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway in both the brain and colon. Additionally, multiomics analysis found that transplantation of fecal microbiota from PD patients not only altered the composition of the gut microbiota but also influenced the fecal metabolic profile of the recipient mice. CONCLUSION: The fecal microbiota from PD patients intensifies inflammation and neurodegeneration in A53T mice. Our findings demonstrate that imbalance and dysfunction in the gut microbiome play significant roles in the development and advancement of PD.

Preoperative CT Measurements and Computer-assisted Design in Auricular Reconstruction for Microtia.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the utility of 3-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) reconstruction in rib cartilages harvest and auricular reconstruction. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of 105 patients with microtia who underwent auricular reconstruction in our department, including 53 controls. All patients underwent chest CT scans and 52 patients in the CT group underwent rib cartilage reconstruction simultaneously. All patients' sex, age, height, and body weight were reviewed. Preoperative CT measurements included the length and width of the sixth, seventh, eighth, and ninth rib cartilages. Operative measurements included the number, amount, length and width of the costal cartilages harvested, operation time, and the amount of bleeding. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the preoperative and operative measurements of the seventh rib. The mean age, height, and weight of the 3D CT group were significantly less than the control group. Compared with the control group, the costicartilage taken in the 3D CT group was significantly shorter in length, but there was no significant difference in the number of ribs taken. The operation time of the 3D CT group was less than the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Reconstructive 3D CT provides vivid and accurate data of costochondral volume, and is valuable for surgical timing and cartilage sculpting. With the aid of the 3D CT measurements, surgeons can make an individualized surgical planning. Unnecessary harvest of rib cartilage and surgical time are avoided by having a throughout plan before operation.

Adsorption and uptake of functionalized nanoplastics (NPs) by wetland plant (Sphagnum): A unique pathway for polystyrene-NPs reduction in non-vascular plants.

Wetlands are sources and sinks for nanoplastics (NPs), where adsorption and uptake by plants constitute a crucial pathway for NPs accumulation. This study found that Sphagnum exhibited a high potential (~89.75 %) to intercept NPs despite the lack of root systems and stomata. Two pathways for 100nm polystyrene NPs accumulation in Sphagnum were located: (i) Spiral interception and foliar adsorption. Efficient adsorption is credited to the micro/nano-interlocked leaf structure, which is porous, hydrophilic and rough. (ii) Intracellular enrichment through pores. Fluorescence tracking indicates pseudo-leaves (lateral > cephalic branches) as primary organs for internalization. Accumulation of differently functionalized NPs was characterized: PS-Naked-NPs (PS), PS-COOH-NPs (PC) and PS-NH2-NPs (PN) were all largely retained by pathway (i), while pathway (ii) mainly uptake PN and PC. Unlike PS aggregation in transparent cells, PC enrichment in chloroplast cells and PN in intercellular spaces reduced pigment content and fluorescence intensity. Further, the effects of the accumulated NPs on the ecological functions of Sphagnum were evaluated. NPs reduce carbon flux (assimilation rate by 57.78 %, and respiration rate by 33.50%), significantly decreasing biomass (PS = 13.12 %, PC = 26.48 %, PN = 35.23 %). However, toxicity threshold was around 10 µg/mL, environmental levels (≤1 µg/mL) barely affected Sphagnum. This study advances understanding of the behavior and fate of NPs in non-vascular plants, and provides new perspectives for developing Sphagnum substrates for NPs interception.

Neuro-mesenchymal interaction mediated by a ß2 adrenergic-nerve growth factor feedforward loop promotes colorectal cancer progression.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and nerves, components of the tumor microenvironment, have each been shown to directly promote gastrointestinal cancers. However, it remains unknown whether these cells interact with each other to regulate cancer progression. We found that in colorectal cancer (CRC) norepinephrine induces ADRB2-dependent nerve growth factor (NGF) secretion from CAFs, which in turn increases intra-tumor sympathetic innervation and norepinephrine accumulation. Adrenergic stimulation accelerates CRC growth through ADRA2A/Gi-mediated activation of Yes-Associated Protein (YAP). NGF from CAFs directly enhances CRC cell growth via the PI3K/AKT pathway. Treatment with a tropomyosin receptor kinase (Trk) inhibitor decreased YAP and AKT activation and CRC progression in mice. In human CRC, high NGF expression is associated with the mesenchymal-like tumor subtype and poor patient survival. These findings suggest a central role for reciprocal CAF-nerve crosstalk in promoting CRC progression. Blocking this feedforward loop with a Trk inhibitor may represent a potential therapeutic approach for CRC.

Two colistin resistance-producing Aeromonas strains, isolated from coastal waters in Zhejiang, China: characteristics, multi-drug resistance and pathogenicity.

Introduction: Aeromonas spp. are ubiquitous inhabitants of ecosystems, and many species are opportunistically pathogenic to humans and animals. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Aeromonas species have been widely detected in hospitals, urban rivers, livestock, and aquatic animals. Results: In this study, we identified two Aeromonas isolates, namely Aeromonas veronii 0728Q8Av and Aeromonas caviae 1029Y16Ac, from coastal waters in Zhejiang, China. Both isolates exhibited typical biochemical characteristics and conferred MDR to 11 kinds of antibiotics, remaining susceptible to ceftazidime. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that both isolates harbored multiple antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and several mobile genetic elements (MGEs) on the chromosomes, each containing a resistance genomic island (GI), a typical class 1 integron, a transposon, and various insertion sequences (ISs). Most ARGs were situated within the multiple resistance GI, which contained a class 1 integron and a transposon in both Aeromonas isolates. Furthermore, a chromosomal mcr-3.16 gene was identified in A. veronii 0728Q8Av, while a chromosomal mcr-3.3 was found in A. caviae 1029Y16Ac. Both mcr-3 variants were not located within but were distanced from the multidrug resistance GI on the chromosome, flanking by multiple ISs. In addition, a mcr-3-like was found adjacent to mcr-3.16 to form a tandem mcr-3.16-mcr-3-like-dgkA structure; yet, Escherichia coli carrying the recombinants of mcr-3-like did not exhibit resistance to colistin. And an incomplete mcr-3-like was found adjacent to mcr-3.3 in A. caviae 1029Y16Ac, suggesting the possibility that mcr-3 variants originated from Aeromonas species. In vivo bacterial pathogenicity test indicated that A. veronii 0728Q8Av exhibited moderate pathogenicity towards infected ayu, while A. caviae 1029Y16Ac was non-virulent. Discussion: Thus, both Aeromonas species deserve further attention regarding their antimicrobial resistance and pathogenicity.

Potential Water Collection From Air by Chloride Perovskites.

Directly capturing water from the air has become a compelling strategy to secure water resources. Yet, challenges persist with sorption-based hygroscopic materials, such as inadequate water adsorption efficiency, material degradation post-adsorption, and the need for energy input during water collection. This study introduces an alternative category of sorbent materials potentially for atmospheric water harvesting-metal chloride perovskites-that exhibit spontaneous water vapor adsorption and liquid water collection. This water uptake capability stems from the uncoordinated polar ions that form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, while the cubic lattice imparts a solid framework ensuring structural stability and inhibiting hydrolysis. The methylammonium lead chloride perovskite pellets exhibit efficient water collection performance, with a record absorption rate of 0.841 L m-2 h-1 and a total water collection of 3.675 L m-2 within a 7-h cycle. This initiative attempts to provide a new material class candidate for the potential application of passive atmospheric water harvesting.

Real-Space Pseudopotential Method for the Calculation of Third-Row Elements X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Signatures.

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a powerful characterization technique that unveils subtle chemical environment differences via core-electron binding energy (CEBE) analysis. We extend the development of real-space pseudopotential methods to calculating 1s, 2s, and 2p3/2 CEBEs of third-row elements (S, P, and Si) within the framework of Kohn-Sham density-functional theory (KS-DFT). The new approach systematically prevents variational collapse and simplifies core-excited orbital selection within dense energy level distributions. However, careful error cancellation analysis is required to achieve accuracy comparable to all-electron methods and experiments. Combined with real-space KS-DFT implementation, this development enables large-scale simulations with both Dirichlet boundary conditions and periodic boundary conditions.

Optical torque calculations and measurements for DNA torsional studies.

The angular optical trap (AOT) is a powerful instrument for measuring the torsional and rotational properties of a biological molecule. Thus far, AOT studies of DNA torsional mechanics have been carried out using a high numerical aperture oil-immersion objective, which permits strong trapping but inevitably introduces spherical aberrations due to the glass-aqueous interface. However, the impact of these aberrations on torque measurements is not fully understood experimentally, partly due to a lack of theoretical guidance. Here, we present a numerical platform based on the finite element method to calculate forces and torques on a trapped quartz cylinder. We have also developed a new experimental method to accurately determine the shift in the trapping position due to the spherical aberrations by using a DNA molecule as a distance ruler. We found that the calculated and measured focal shift ratios are in good agreement. We further determined how the angular trap stiffness depends on the trap height and the cylinder displacement from the trap center and found full agreement between predictions and measurements. As a further verification of the methodology, we showed that DNA torsional properties, which are intrinsic to DNA, could be determined robustly under different trap heights and cylinder displacements. Thus, this work has laid both a theoretical and experimental framework that can be readily extended to investigate the trapping forces and torques exerted on particles with arbitrary shapes and optical properties.

Molybdenum disulphide nanoparticles accelerate the transformation of levofloxacin in planting soil upon exposure.

The use of nanocatalytic particles for the removal of refractory organics from wastewater is a rapidly growing area of environmental purification. However, little has been done to investigate the effects of nanoparticles on soil-plant systems with antibiotic contamination. This work assessed the effect of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) on the soil-Phragmites communis system containing levofloxacin (LVX). The results showed that the addition of MoS2 had restoration potential for stressed plant. The MoS2 with catalytic activity promoted the transformation of LVX in rhizosphere soils. The transformation pathways of LVX in the different exposure groups were proposed. The continuous output of radicals in the high MoS2 dosage group facilitated the transformation of LVX to small molecule compounds, which were eventually mineralized. Moreover, the electron-density-difference analysis revealed the easier flow of electrons from the MoS2 surface towards the LVX molecules. This finding provides theoretical support for the application of nanocatalytic particles in ecological environments.

Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Stapokibart in Adults with Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis: An Open-Label Extension, Nonrandomized Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND: Stapokibart/CM310, a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting the interleukin-4 receptor α chain, has shown promising treatment benefits in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in previous phase II clinical trials. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of stapokibart in adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. METHODS: Enrolled patients who previously completed parent trials of stapokibart received a subcutaneous stapokibart 600-mg loading dose, then 300 mg every 2 weeks up to 52 weeks. Efficacy outcomes included the proportions of patients with ≥ 50%/75%/90% improvements from baseline of parent trials in the Eczema Area and Severity Index, Investigator's Global Assessment, and weekly average of the daily Peak Pruritus Numerical Rating Scale. RESULTS: In total, 127 patients were enrolled, and 110 (86.6%) completed the study. At week 52, the Eczema Area and Severity Index-50/75/90 response rates were 96.3%, 87.9%, and 71.0%, respectively. An Investigator's Global Assessment 0/1 with a ≥ 2-point reduction was achieved in 39.3% of patients at week 16, increasing to 58.9% at week 52. The proportions of patients with ≥ 3-point and ≥ 4-point reductions in the weekly average of daily Peak Pruritus Numerical Rating Scale scores were 80.2% and 62.2%, respectively, at week 52. Improvement in patients' quality of life was sustained over a 52-week treatment period. Treatment-emergent adverse events occurred in 88.2% of patients, with an exposure-adjusted event rate of 299.2 events/100 patient-years. Coronavirus disease 2019, upper respiratory tract infection, and conjunctivitis were the most common treatment-emergent adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term treatment with stapokibart for 52 weeks showed high efficacy and good safety profiles, supporting its use as a continuous long-term treatment option for atopic dermatitis. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04893707 (15 May, 2021).