[Follow-up study of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with pulmonary hypertension].

Objective: To investigate the relationship between clinical characteristics of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with pulmonary hypertension (PH) and COPD exacerbation over a three-year observation period. Methods: A total of 366 cases of stable COPD patients were enrolled from the Department of Respiratory Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology. The patients underwent pulmonary function tests(PFT), COPD assessment test (CAT), Saint George's respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ), transthoracic echocardiogrophy(TTE), chest CT and biochemical detection. The likelihood of PH was evaluated based on the peak tricuspid regurgitation velocity (TRV) measured by echocardiography at rest and other indicators, which were represented by low, medium, and high probability, respectively. Highly probability was defined as PH. The mean values of the groups were compared using a two-tailed unpaired t test for normally distributed variables. Qualitative data were assessed using a χ2 test. Pearson correlation analysis was performed, and risk factors were analyzed using logistic regression analysis and stepwise regression analysis. P<0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. Results: The prevalence of patients with high likelihood of PH was 18.3% (n=67) in a series of 366 patients with COPD. The median estimated systolic pulmonary artery pressure in patients with PH was (51.7±6.7) mmHg(1mmHg=0.133 kPa). There were differences between patients with high likelihood of PH and those with low to moderate likelihood of PH for the following factors: age (76.0 vs. 64.0), body mass index (BMI) [(21.4±6.0) kg/m2 vs. (22.6±7.2)kg/m2], brain natriureticpeptide (BNP) [(50.8±9.1) pg/ml vs. (36.4±8.1) pg/ml], toral number of acute exacerbation in three-year [(6.1±0.1) times vs. (2.8±0.4) times], CAT (17.0 vs. 10.0), SGRQ (48.9 vs. 32.1), carbon monoxide diffusion percentage of predicted value (DLCO%) [(51.9±21.9)% vs. (67.0±22.1)%]; all the differences being statistically significant(mean P<0.05).There was a negative correlation between DLCO% and SPAP (r=-0.28, P<0.01).In patients with high likelihood of PH, the percentage of low attenuation area (LAA%) and interstitial abnormalities in chest CT were higher than those in patients with low to moderate likelihood of PH (56.1% vs. 34.3% and 30.8% vs. 15.6%, mean P<0.05).LAA% ≥ 30% and pulmonary interstitial abnormalities were independent risk factors for pH [beta value were 1.479, 1.065, OR value was (3.640-5.720), 95%CI (1.462-8.571), mean P<0.01]. The ratio of main pulmonary diameter to aortic artery diameter was significantly correlated with estimated systolic pulmonary artery pressure(r=-0.35, P<0.01).Age ≥75 years, FEV1%predicted value<50% and the presence of PH increased the likelihood of exacerbations of COPD over three years[beta value (0.459-1.211), OR value (3.643-5.722), 95%CI (1.463-8.904), mean P<0.01]. Conclusions: COPD patients with high likelihood of PH assessed by echocardiography were older, had a lower BMI, and presented with a worse health status compared to those with low to moderate likelihood of PH. The presence of PH assessed by echocardiography was related to future COPD exacerbations in COPD patients, and emphysema was closely related to PH assessed by echocardiography.

Assessment of left ventricular systolic synchrony and cardiac function in patients with ischemic heart disease by echocardiography.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between left ventricular systolic synchrony and cardiac function in patients with ischemic heart diseases of different degrees by echocardiography. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 84 cases of patients with ischemic heart diseases were consecutively selected including 28 cases of asymptomatic heart failure, 40 cases of mild to moderate heart failure, and 16 cases of severe and refractory heart failure. Interventricular synchrony was evaluated by echocardiography, and the result was expressed by interventricular mechanical delay (IVMD). The ventricular systolic synchrony was evaluated by the standard deviation of systole tmax (Ts-SD), cardiac function indexes included left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDd), and BNP and QRS wave duration. RESULTS: IVMD, Ts-SD and QRS wave duration increased gradually following the exacerbation of heart failure; differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The ratio of the QRS wave duration that was equal to or greater than 120 ms among three groups showed no statistical difference (p = 0.593). In patients with QRS wave durations equal to or greater than 120 ms compared to patients with durations less than 120 ms, the levels of IVDM, Ts-SD, LVEDd, and serum BNP were increased (p < 0.05) while levels of LVEF were decreased (p < 0.05). There were no significant linear correlations among values of IVMD, Ts-SD with LVEF, LVEDd, BNP and QRS wave duration (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Left ventricular systole synchrony was different in patients with different degrees of ischemic heart diseases, and a comprehensive assessment of the combination of ventricular systole synchrony with cardiac function is needed.