"Doing being a good parent" in the pediatric clinic: Parents' knowledge displays in advice requests on infants' everyday care.

Parents and pediatricians play pivotal roles in promoting a nurturing environment for children's growth and development, especially during the critical first thousand days of life. Given the challenges involved in infant care and rearing, parents often rely on pediatricians' professional support in a wide range of daily caregiving practices as diverse as complementary feeding, hygiene management, pacifier use, or sleep routines. Nevertheless, little attention has been devoted to the in vivo observation of how parents actually request advice on babies' everyday care, and how pediatricians attend to such requests. By adopting a conversation analysis approach to a corpus of 23 videorecorded Italian pediatric well-child visits, the article explores the different ways through which parents navigate the face-threatening activity of soliciting the pediatrician's advice on infants' everyday care and management. The analysis illustrates that parents overall display (different degrees of) prior knowledge and competence on the topics brought to the pediatrician's attention while, at the same time, acknowledging the pediatrician's expertise and professional role. In this way, I argue that parents display themselves as competent, knowledgeable, caring, and therefore "good parents". After discussing the results, in the concluding remarks I point to what seems to be a cultural change in parent-healthcare provider interactions.

Epistemic Trust as an Interactional Accomplishment in Pediatric Well-Child Visits: Parents' Resistance to Solicited Advice as Performing Epistemic Vigilance.

Epistemic trust - i.e. the belief in knowledge claims we do not understand or cannot validate - is pivotal in healthcare interactions where trust in the source of knowledge is the foundation for adherence to therapy as well as general compliance with the physician's suggestions. However, in the contemporary knowledge society professionals can no longer count on unconditional epistemic trust: boundaries of the legitimacy and extension criteria of expertise have become increasingly fuzzier and professionals must take into account laypersons' expertise. Drawing on a conversation analysis-informed study of 23 videorecorded pediatrician-led well-child visits, the article deals with the communicative constitution of healthcare-relevant phenomena such as: epistemic and deontic struggles between parents and pediatricians, the local accomplishment of (responsible) epistemic trust, and the possible outcomes of blurred boundaries between the layperson's and the professional's "expertise." In particular, we illustrate how epistemic trust is communicatively built in sequences where parents request the pediatrician's advice and resist it. The analysis shows how parents perform epistemic vigilance by suspending the immediate acceptance of the pediatrician's advice in favor of inserting expansions that make it relevant for the pediatrician to account for her advice. Once the pediatrician has addressed parents' concerns, parents perform (delayed) acceptance, which we assume indexes what we call responsible epistemic trust. While acknowledging the advantages of what seems to be a cultural change in parent-healthcare provider encounters, in the conclusion we advance that possible risks are implied in contemporary fuzziness of the legitimacy and extension criteria of expertise in doctor-patient interaction.