ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Neuropsychiatric symptoms are common in patients with mild cognitive impairment and dementia. This symptomatology can appear or be exacerbated with changes in routine and in the patient's usual environment. The lockdown situation during the COVID-19 pandemic has meant a drastic and unexpected change in the daily life of the general population, with a particular impact on the most physically and mentally vulnerable groups, including patients with cognitive impairment. AIM: To know the impact of lockdown measures imposed due to the COVID-19 pandemic on neuropsychiatric symptomatology in people with mild cognitive impairment and dementia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Exploratory systematic review, in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, of Pubmed and Psycinfo databases papers published from January 2020 to April 2021 which related confinement due to COVID-19 with the presentation or worsening of neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with mild cognitive impairment mild or dementia. RESULTS: Worsening of neuropsychiatric symptoms was observed in patients with dementia and mild cognitive impairment, especially agitation/aggression, anxiety, depression and apathy. Neuropsychiatric symptoms were more common in patients with dementia than in those with mild cognitive impairment, although their typology varied depending on the severity of dementia. CONCLUSIONS: During lockdown a worsening in the psychobehavioral area has been observed in people with mild cognitive impairment or dementia. Therefore, considerations arise on the need of promoting social contact in people with mild cognitive impairment and dementia, avoiding situations of isolation and low stimulation.
TITLE: Síntomas neuropsiquiátricos en personas con demencia relacionados con el confinamiento por la pandemia de la COVID-19. Revisión sistemática exploratoria.Introducción. En pacientes con deterioro cognitivo leve y demencia, son frecuentes los síntomas neuropsiquiátricos, que pueden aparecer o exacerbarse ante los cambios en la rutina y el entorno habitual del paciente. La situación de confinamiento durante la pandemia de la COVID-19 ha supuesto un cambio en la vida cotidiana de la población general, con especial impacto en los grupos más vulnerables, como los pacientes con afectación cognitiva. Objetivo. Conocer la repercusión de las medidas de confinamiento y cuarentena impuestas por la pandemia de la COVID-19 en la sintomatología neuropsiquiátrica en personas con deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL) y demencia. Materiales y métodos. Revisión sistemática exploratoria, siguiendo las directrices PRISMA, de artículos en las bases datos PubMed y PsycINFO publicados entre enero de 2020 y abril de 2021, que relacionaron el confinamiento por la COVID-19 con la presentación o el empeoramiento de síntomas neuropsiquiátricos en pacientes con DCL o con demencia. Resultados. Se observó un empeoramiento de los síntomas neuropsiquiátricos en los pacientes con demencia y DCL, especialmente agitación/agresión, ansiedad, depresión y apatía. Los síntomas neuropsiquiátricos fueron más comunes en los pacientes con demencia que en los que presentaban DCL, aunque su tipología varió en función de la gravedad de la demencia. Conclusiones. Durante el confinamiento se ha objetivado un detrimento en la esfera psicoconductual en personas con DCL o demencia. Consecuentemente, surge la reflexión sobre la necesidad de fomentar el contacto social en las personas con DCL y demencia, evitando las situaciones de aislamiento y baja estimulación.
Subject(s)
COVID-19/psychology , Cognitive Dysfunction/psychology , Dementia/psychology , Pandemics , Quarantine/psychology , SARS-CoV-2 , Activities of Daily Living , Aggression , Anxiety/etiology , Apathy , Argentina , COVID-19/prevention & control , Depression/etiology , Europe , Humans , Mental Disorders/etiology , Mood Disorders/etiology , Neuropsychological Tests , Psychomotor Agitation/etiology , Retrospective Studies , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/etiology , Social Isolation/psychology , United StatesABSTRACT
Most commercial media for mammalian cell culture are designed to satisfy the amino acid requirements for cell growth, but not necessarily those for recombinant protein production. In this study, we analyze the amino acid consumption pattern in naïve and recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell cultures. The recombinant model we chose was a CHO-S cell line engineered to produce a monoclonal antibody. We report the cell concentration, product concentration, and amino acid concentration profiles in naïve and recombinant cell cultures growing in CD OptiCHO™ medium with or without amino acid supplementation with a commercial supplement (CHO CD EfficientFeed™ B). We quantify and discuss the amino acid demands due to cell growth and recombinant protein production during long term fed batch cultivation protocols. We confirmed that a group of five amino acids, constituting the highest mass fraction of the product, shows the highest depletion rates and could become limiting for product expression. In our experiments, alanine, a non-important mass constituent of the product, is in high demand during recombinant protein production. Evaluation of specific amino acid demands could be of great help in the design of feeding/supplementation strategies for recombinant mammalian cell cultures.
ABSTRACT
Informamos el caso de un hombre inmunocompetente que consultó por cuadro de sangrado digestivo alto secundario a una úlcera esofágica de origen tuberculoso. El compromiso gastrointestinal por el Mycobacterium tuberculosis es raro aun en pacientes con altas prevalencias de enfermedad pulmonar y extrapulmonar; los sitios de mayor afectación son íleon terminal y el peritoneo, la enfermedad esofágica es exótica y generalmente es secundaria a la extensión proveniente de órganos vecinos infectados, como ganglios mediastinales y/o bronquios. La clínica, las imágenes endoscópicas y radiológicas de la enfermedad esofágica suele simular una neoplasia maligna. La quimioterapia antituberculosa es la base del tratamiento, rara vez se requiere manejo quirúrgico.
We report the case of an immune-competent man with symptoms of upper gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to esophageal ulcers of tubercular origin. Gastrointestinal involvement from Mycobacterium tuberculosis is rare even in patients with numerous occurrences of pulmonary and extrapulmonary diseases. The most frequently affected sites are the terminal ileum and the peritoneum. Esophageal tuberculosis is exotic and is usually secondary to extension from neighboring infected organs such as the mediastinal nodes and/or the bronchi. Clinical, endoscopic and radiological pictures of the esophageal disease often mimic malignancy. Tuberculosis treatment is the mainstay of treatment, and surgery is rarely required.