Gingival rhabdomyosarcoma mimicking a non-neoplastic proliferative lesion: A diagnostic challenge.

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a soft tissue sarcoma that develops from skeletal striated muscle cells. RMSs are exceedingly rare in the oral cavity, particularly in the gingiva. Herein, we reported the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of a rare case of RMS in a 30-year-old female presenting clinically as a painful polypoid nodule on the mandibular gingiva. Microscopically, the tumor showed atypical spindle cells with elongated nuclei and eosinophilic cytoplasm arranged in a fascicular pattern. In focal areas, the tumor cells exhibited rhabdomyoblastic differentiation. Immunohistochemistry showed strong positivity for desmin, myogenin (scattered cells), and MyoD1. The patient underwent surgical resection followed by postoperative complementary radio- and chemotherapy. However, the patient had a local recurrence seven months after the initial treatment. She was submitted to a total mandibulectomy associated with adjuvant radiotherapy. However, she died two months after reoperation due to complications secondary to radiation therapy. Because of the rarity in the oral cavity and non-specific signs and symptoms, the clinical diagnosis of RMS is difficult and often overlooked. Therefore, careful histopathological and immunohistochemistry analysis of these tumors is essential to correct diagnosis. Early surgical excision with tumor-free margins and prolonged follow-up are strongly recommended.

Surgical Treatment of Bilateral Atrophic Mandible Fracture.

Poor proprioception, weakness, and impaired reflexes increase the incidence of facial fracture in the elderly. Mandibular fractures in these people range from 10.1% to 56%. Fragment reduction and fracture consolidation are difficult due to bone atrophy, decreased capacity for bone regeneration, and lack of anatomical landmarks to guide the alignment of the fragments. This study reports 2 patients with different conducts regarding the treatment of bilateral fractures in atrophic mandible. The first patient refers to the removal of plates of the 2.4 mm system with low profile, which failed during the mandibular function, being replaced by the 2.4 mm system with high profile. The 2nd clinical reports the use of the 2.0 mm system only to simplify the mandibular fracture, and then reconstructing that with a 2.4-mm system with high profile, using the load bearing principles. Regarding mandibular fractures, an important goal is to neutralize the muscle action aiming the bone stability. There are several methods to treat that the indication should consider the load bearing and load sharing concepts. The incorrect fixation choice in these patients can result in complications as bad union, material failure, infection, and consequent treatment failure.

Extenso ameloblastoma em mandíbula: relato de caso / Large ameloblastoma in mandible: case report

O ameloblastoma é um tumor odontogênico benigno, localmente agressivo, com predileção pela região posterior de mandíbula. Acredita-se que se origina de remanescentes do aparelho de formação dentária, semelhante ao desenvolvimento do órgão do esmalte. Não há clara preferência por gênero, sendo mais prevalente entre a terceira e quinta décadas de vida. O ameloblastoma tem sido classificado em quatro tipos: unicístico, sólido/multicístico, desmoplásico e periférico. O tipo sólido pode apresentar algumas variantes histológicas, sendo as mais comuns a folicular e a plexiforme. Dentre as formas de tratamento, a excisão cirúrgica ampla com margens de segurança é o método de tratamento preferido. Recomenda-se um acompanhamento de mais de 10 anos com intervalos regulares após tratamento cirúrgico apropriado O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar o caso de um paciente portador de extenso ameloblastoma em região posterior de mandíbula, tratado a partir da ressecção da lesão com aposição de uma placa reconstrutiva do sistema lock. No momento, o paciente se encontra em acompanhamento pós-operatório de um ano sem sinais de recidiva. A partir deste trabalho pôde-se concluir que o tratamento realizado se mostrou adequado, no entanto um maior período de acompanhamento se faz necessário para indicar a cura do paciente

Ameloblastoma is a benign odontogenic tumor, locally aggressive being more found in posterior region of mandible. It is believed that it is originated from remnants of the dental formation apparatus, such as the developing enamel organ. There is no clear predilection by gender, being most prevalent between the third and fifth decades of life. Ameloblastoma has been classified into four types: unicystic, solid/multicystic, desmoplastic and peripheral. The solid type can present some histological variants, being most common follicular and plexiform types. Among treatment forms, wide surgical excision with safe margins is the preferred method of treatment. It is recommended a follow of more than 10 years, with regular intervals after the proper treatment. The aim of this study is to report a case of a patient showing large ameloblatoma in posterior region of mandible treated with resection of the lesion and the position of a reconstructive plate of the locking system. At the moment, a year follow up patient showed no signs of recurrence. From this study it could be concluded the performed treatment showed itself suitable, however, a longer period of follow is necessary to indicate the patient's cure

Partial Glossectomy as an Adjunctive Method to Ortho-Surgical Treatment.

The macroglossia is a rare condition, congenital or acquired, characterized by hypertrophy of the lingual muscles that can cause both aesthetic and functional changes such as mandibular prognathism and malocclusion. Diagnosis is through clinical examination. Treatment consists of excision of part of the tongue and different surgical techniques have been described in the literature. The keyhole lingual resection technique has shown satisfactory results in reducing the volume and preservation of the neurovascular bundles of the tongue. This work aims to present a clinical report of true macroglossia associated with dental-skeletal discrepancies, submitted to partial glossectomy previously to orthognathic surgery.

Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw After Tooth Extraction.

Bisphosphonates are widely used for treatment or prevention of bone diseases characterized by high osteoclastic activity. Among the oral medicines used to treat osteoporosis, alendronate has been often used. Despite of the low rate of complications on its use, cases of osteonecrosis of the jaw have been reported on literature after tooth extractions. The main symptoms include pain, tooth mobility, swelling, erythema, and ulceration. The risk factors related to osteonecrosis of the jaw associated with bisphosphonate are exposition time to the medicine, routes of administration, and oral surgical procedures performed. The aim of this work is to report a case of a patient showing osteonecrosis of the jaw associated with the use of oral bisphosphonates after tooth extractions. The patient was treated through the suspension of the alendronate with the removal of the necrotic tissue and the foci of infection. After a year's follow-up, the patient showed no recurrence signs. From the foregoing, the interruption of the alendronate use and the surgical treatment associated to antibiotic therapy showed effective on the patient's treatment.